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Diffstat (limited to 'src/content/chapter2_flow_control')
-rw-r--r-- | src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson05_recursion/code.gleam | 17 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson05_recursion/text.html | 20 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson06_tail_calls/code.gleam | 21 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson06_tail_calls/text.html | 23 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson07_list_recursion/code.gleam (renamed from src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson05_list_recursion/code.gleam) | 0 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson07_list_recursion/text.html (renamed from src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson05_list_recursion/text.html) | 0 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson08_multiple_subjects/code.gleam (renamed from src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson06_multiple_subjects/code.gleam) | 0 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson08_multiple_subjects/text.html (renamed from src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson06_multiple_subjects/text.html) | 0 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson09_alternative_patterns/code.gleam (renamed from src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson07_alternative_patterns/code.gleam) | 0 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson09_alternative_patterns/text.html (renamed from src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson07_alternative_patterns/text.html) | 0 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson10_pattern_aliases/code.gleam (renamed from src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson08_pattern_aliases/code.gleam) | 0 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson10_pattern_aliases/text.html (renamed from src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson08_pattern_aliases/text.html) | 0 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson11_guards/code.gleam (renamed from src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson09_guards/code.gleam) | 0 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson11_guards/text.html (renamed from src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson09_guards/text.html) | 0 |
14 files changed, 81 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson05_recursion/code.gleam b/src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson05_recursion/code.gleam new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ee93a6f --- /dev/null +++ b/src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson05_recursion/code.gleam @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +import gleam/io + +pub fn main() { + io.debug(factorial(5)) + io.debug(factorial(7)) +} + +// A recursive functions that calculates factorial +pub fn factorial(x: Int) -> Int { + case x { + // Base case + 1 -> 1 + + // Recursive case + _ -> x * factorial(x - 1) + } +} diff --git a/src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson05_recursion/text.html b/src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson05_recursion/text.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f1585bb --- /dev/null +++ b/src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson05_recursion/text.html @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +<p> + Gleam doesn't have loops, instead iteration is done through recursion, that is + through top-level functions calling themselves with different arguments. +</p> +<p> + A recursive function needs to have at least one <em>base case</em> and at + least one <em>recursive case</em>. A base case returns a value without calling + the function again. A recursive case calls the function again with different + inputs, looping again. +</p> +<p> + The Gleam standard library has functions for various common looping patterns, + some of which will be introduced in later lessons, however for more complex + loops manual recursion is often the clearest way to write it. +</p> +<p> + Recursion can seem daunting or unclear at first if you are more familiar with + languages that have special looping features, but stick with it! With time + it'll become just as familiar and comfortable as any other way of iterating. +</p> diff --git a/src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson06_tail_calls/code.gleam b/src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson06_tail_calls/code.gleam new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d823eec --- /dev/null +++ b/src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson06_tail_calls/code.gleam @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +import gleam/io + +pub fn main() { + io.debug(factorial(5)) + io.debug(factorial(7)) +} + +pub fn factorial(x: Int) -> Int { + // The public function calls the private tail recursive function + factorial_loop(x, 1) +} + +fn factorial_loop(x: Int, accumulator: Int) -> Int { + case x { + 1 -> accumulator + + // The last thing this function does is call itself + // In the previous lesson the last thing it did was multiple two ints + _ -> factorial_loop(x - 1, accumulator * x) + } +} diff --git a/src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson06_tail_calls/text.html b/src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson06_tail_calls/text.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ec39cda --- /dev/null +++ b/src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson06_tail_calls/text.html @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +<p> + When a function is called a new stack frame is created in memory to store the + arguments and local variables of the function. If lots of these frames are + created during recursion then the program would use a large amount of memory, + or even crash the program if some limit is hit. +</p> +<p> + To avoid this problem Gleam supports <em>tail call optimisation</em>, which + allows the compiler to reuse the stack frame for the current function if a + function call is the last thing the function does, removing the memory cost. +</p> + +<p> + Unoptimised recursive functions can often be rewritten into tail call + optimised functions by using an accumulator. An accumulator is a variable that + is passed along in addition to the data, similar to a mutable variable in a + language with <code>while</code> loops. +</p> +<p> + Accumulators should be hidden away from the users of your code, they are + internal implementation details. To do this write a public function that calls + a recursive private function with the initial accumulator value. +</p> diff --git a/src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson05_list_recursion/code.gleam b/src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson07_list_recursion/code.gleam index 370675a..370675a 100644 --- a/src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson05_list_recursion/code.gleam +++ b/src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson07_list_recursion/code.gleam diff --git a/src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson05_list_recursion/text.html b/src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson07_list_recursion/text.html index 7f2351d..7f2351d 100644 --- a/src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson05_list_recursion/text.html +++ b/src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson07_list_recursion/text.html diff --git a/src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson06_multiple_subjects/code.gleam b/src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson08_multiple_subjects/code.gleam index d7aa34a..d7aa34a 100644 --- a/src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson06_multiple_subjects/code.gleam +++ b/src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson08_multiple_subjects/code.gleam diff --git a/src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson06_multiple_subjects/text.html b/src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson08_multiple_subjects/text.html index 26a7ea3..26a7ea3 100644 --- a/src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson06_multiple_subjects/text.html +++ b/src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson08_multiple_subjects/text.html diff --git a/src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson07_alternative_patterns/code.gleam b/src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson09_alternative_patterns/code.gleam index 06a6562..06a6562 100644 --- a/src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson07_alternative_patterns/code.gleam +++ b/src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson09_alternative_patterns/code.gleam diff --git a/src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson07_alternative_patterns/text.html b/src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson09_alternative_patterns/text.html index 10ad731..10ad731 100644 --- a/src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson07_alternative_patterns/text.html +++ b/src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson09_alternative_patterns/text.html diff --git a/src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson08_pattern_aliases/code.gleam b/src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson10_pattern_aliases/code.gleam index ee40a26..ee40a26 100644 --- a/src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson08_pattern_aliases/code.gleam +++ b/src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson10_pattern_aliases/code.gleam diff --git a/src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson08_pattern_aliases/text.html b/src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson10_pattern_aliases/text.html index b737eb8..b737eb8 100644 --- a/src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson08_pattern_aliases/text.html +++ b/src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson10_pattern_aliases/text.html diff --git a/src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson09_guards/code.gleam b/src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson11_guards/code.gleam index 3744228..3744228 100644 --- a/src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson09_guards/code.gleam +++ b/src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson11_guards/code.gleam diff --git a/src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson09_guards/text.html b/src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson11_guards/text.html index 3ea9cc5..3ea9cc5 100644 --- a/src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson09_guards/text.html +++ b/src/content/chapter2_flow_control/lesson11_guards/text.html |