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/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
*
* tuptoaster.h
* POSTGRES definitions for external and compressed storage
* of variable size attributes.
*
* Copyright (c) 2000-2017, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
*
* src/include/access/tuptoaster.h
*
*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
*/
#ifndef TUPTOASTER_H
#define TUPTOASTER_H
#include "access/htup_details.h"
#include "storage/lockdefs.h"
#include "utils/relcache.h"
/*
* This enables de-toasting of index entries. Needed until VACUUM is
* smart enough to rebuild indexes from scratch.
*/
#define TOAST_INDEX_HACK
/*
* Find the maximum size of a tuple if there are to be N tuples per page.
*/
#define MaximumBytesPerTuple(tuplesPerPage) \
MAXALIGN_DOWN((BLCKSZ - \
MAXALIGN(SizeOfPageHeaderData + (tuplesPerPage) * sizeof(ItemIdData))) \
/ (tuplesPerPage))
/*
* These symbols control toaster activation. If a tuple is larger than
* TOAST_TUPLE_THRESHOLD, we will try to toast it down to no more than
* TOAST_TUPLE_TARGET bytes through compressing compressible fields and
* moving EXTENDED and EXTERNAL data out-of-line.
*
* The numbers need not be the same, though they currently are. It doesn't
* make sense for TARGET to exceed THRESHOLD, but it could be useful to make
* it be smaller.
*
* Currently we choose both values to match the largest tuple size for which
* TOAST_TUPLES_PER_PAGE tuples can fit on a heap page.
*
* XXX while these can be modified without initdb, some thought needs to be
* given to needs_toast_table() in toasting.c before unleashing random
* changes. Also see LOBLKSIZE in large_object.h, which can *not* be
* changed without initdb.
*/
#define TOAST_TUPLES_PER_PAGE 4
#define TOAST_TUPLE_THRESHOLD MaximumBytesPerTuple(TOAST_TUPLES_PER_PAGE)
#define TOAST_TUPLE_TARGET TOAST_TUPLE_THRESHOLD
/*
* The code will also consider moving MAIN data out-of-line, but only as a
* last resort if the previous steps haven't reached the target tuple size.
* In this phase we use a different target size, currently equal to the
* largest tuple that will fit on a heap page. This is reasonable since
* the user has told us to keep the data in-line if at all possible.
*/
#define TOAST_TUPLES_PER_PAGE_MAIN 1
#define TOAST_TUPLE_TARGET_MAIN MaximumBytesPerTuple(TOAST_TUPLES_PER_PAGE_MAIN)
/*
* If an index value is larger than TOAST_INDEX_TARGET, we will try to
* compress it (we can't move it out-of-line, however). Note that this
* number is per-datum, not per-tuple, for simplicity in index_form_tuple().
*/
#define TOAST_INDEX_TARGET (MaxHeapTupleSize / 16)
/*
* When we store an oversize datum externally, we divide it into chunks
* containing at most TOAST_MAX_CHUNK_SIZE data bytes. This number *must*
* be small enough that the completed toast-table tuple (including the
* ID and sequence fields and all overhead) will fit on a page.
* The coding here sets the size on the theory that we want to fit
* EXTERN_TUPLES_PER_PAGE tuples of maximum size onto a page.
*
* NB: Changing TOAST_MAX_CHUNK_SIZE requires an initdb.
*/
#define EXTERN_TUPLES_PER_PAGE 4 /* tweak only this */
#define EXTERN_TUPLE_MAX_SIZE MaximumBytesPerTuple(EXTERN_TUPLES_PER_PAGE)
#define TOAST_MAX_CHUNK_SIZE \
(EXTERN_TUPLE_MAX_SIZE - \
MAXALIGN(SizeofHeapTupleHeader) - \
sizeof(Oid) - \
sizeof(int32) - \
VARHDRSZ)
/* Size of an EXTERNAL datum that contains a standard TOAST pointer */
#define TOAST_POINTER_SIZE (VARHDRSZ_EXTERNAL + sizeof(varatt_external))
/* Size of an EXTERNAL datum that contains an indirection pointer */
#define INDIRECT_POINTER_SIZE (VARHDRSZ_EXTERNAL + sizeof(varatt_indirect))
/*
* Testing whether an externally-stored value is compressed now requires
* comparing extsize (the actual length of the external data) to rawsize
* (the original uncompressed datum's size). The latter includes VARHDRSZ
* overhead, the former doesn't. We never use compression unless it actually
* saves space, so we expect either equality or less-than.
*/
#define VARATT_EXTERNAL_IS_COMPRESSED(toast_pointer) \
((toast_pointer).va_extsize < (toast_pointer).va_rawsize - VARHDRSZ)
/*
* Macro to fetch the possibly-unaligned contents of an EXTERNAL datum
* into a local "struct varatt_external" toast pointer. This should be
* just a memcpy, but some versions of gcc seem to produce broken code
* that assumes the datum contents are aligned. Introducing an explicit
* intermediate "varattrib_1b_e *" variable seems to fix it.
*/
#define VARATT_EXTERNAL_GET_POINTER(toast_pointer, attr) \
do { \
varattrib_1b_e *attre = (varattrib_1b_e *) (attr); \
Assert(VARATT_IS_EXTERNAL(attre)); \
Assert(VARSIZE_EXTERNAL(attre) == sizeof(toast_pointer) + VARHDRSZ_EXTERNAL); \
memcpy(&(toast_pointer), VARDATA_EXTERNAL(attre), sizeof(toast_pointer)); \
} while (0)
/* ----------
* toast_insert_or_update -
*
* Called by heap_insert() and heap_update().
* ----------
*/
extern HeapTuple toast_insert_or_update(Relation rel,
HeapTuple newtup, HeapTuple oldtup,
int options);
/* ----------
* toast_delete -
*
* Called by heap_delete().
* ----------
*/
extern void toast_delete(Relation rel, HeapTuple oldtup, bool is_speculative);
/* ----------
* heap_tuple_fetch_attr() -
*
* Fetches an external stored attribute from the toast
* relation. Does NOT decompress it, if stored external
* in compressed format.
* ----------
*/
extern struct varlena *heap_tuple_fetch_attr(struct varlena *attr);
/* ----------
* heap_tuple_untoast_attr() -
*
* Fully detoasts one attribute, fetching and/or decompressing
* it as needed.
* ----------
*/
extern struct varlena *heap_tuple_untoast_attr(struct varlena *attr);
/* ----------
* heap_tuple_untoast_attr_slice() -
*
* Fetches only the specified portion of an attribute.
* (Handles all cases for attribute storage)
* ----------
*/
extern struct varlena *heap_tuple_untoast_attr_slice(struct varlena *attr,
int32 sliceoffset,
int32 slicelength);
/* ----------
* toast_flatten_tuple -
*
* "Flatten" a tuple to contain no out-of-line toasted fields.
* (This does not eliminate compressed or short-header datums.)
* ----------
*/
extern HeapTuple toast_flatten_tuple(HeapTuple tup, TupleDesc tupleDesc);
/* ----------
* toast_flatten_tuple_to_datum -
*
* "Flatten" a tuple containing out-of-line toasted fields into a Datum.
* ----------
*/
extern Datum toast_flatten_tuple_to_datum(HeapTupleHeader tup,
uint32 tup_len,
TupleDesc tupleDesc);
/* ----------
* toast_build_flattened_tuple -
*
* Build a tuple containing no out-of-line toasted fields.
* (This does not eliminate compressed or short-header datums.)
* ----------
*/
extern HeapTuple toast_build_flattened_tuple(TupleDesc tupleDesc,
Datum *values,
bool *isnull);
/* ----------
* toast_compress_datum -
*
* Create a compressed version of a varlena datum, if possible
* ----------
*/
extern Datum toast_compress_datum(Datum value);
/* ----------
* toast_raw_datum_size -
*
* Return the raw (detoasted) size of a varlena datum
* ----------
*/
extern Size toast_raw_datum_size(Datum value);
/* ----------
* toast_datum_size -
*
* Return the storage size of a varlena datum
* ----------
*/
extern Size toast_datum_size(Datum value);
/* ----------
* toast_get_valid_index -
*
* Return OID of valid index associated to a toast relation
* ----------
*/
extern Oid toast_get_valid_index(Oid toastoid, LOCKMODE lock);
#endif /* TUPTOASTER_H */
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