diff options
-rw-r--r-- | src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtpreprocesskeys.c | 384 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtsearch.c | 204 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtutils.c | 136 |
3 files changed, 455 insertions, 269 deletions
diff --git a/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtpreprocesskeys.c b/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtpreprocesskeys.c index a136e4bbfdf..36813a96fff 100644 --- a/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtpreprocesskeys.c +++ b/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtpreprocesskeys.c @@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ #include "postgres.h" #include "access/nbtree.h" +#include "common/int.h" #include "lib/qunique.h" #include "utils/array.h" #include "utils/lsyscache.h" @@ -56,6 +57,8 @@ static void _bt_skiparray_strat_decrement(IndexScanDesc scan, ScanKey arraysk, BTArrayKeyInfo *array); static void _bt_skiparray_strat_increment(IndexScanDesc scan, ScanKey arraysk, BTArrayKeyInfo *array); +static void _bt_unmark_keys(IndexScanDesc scan, int *keyDataMap); +static int _bt_reorder_array_cmp(const void *a, const void *b); static ScanKey _bt_preprocess_array_keys(IndexScanDesc scan, int *new_numberOfKeys); static void _bt_preprocess_array_keys_final(IndexScanDesc scan, int *keyDataMap); static int _bt_num_array_keys(IndexScanDesc scan, Oid *skip_eq_ops_out, @@ -96,7 +99,7 @@ static int _bt_compare_array_elements(const void *a, const void *b, void *arg); * incomplete sets of cross-type operators, we may fail to detect redundant * or contradictory keys, but we can survive that.) * - * The output keys must be sorted by index attribute. Presently we expect + * Required output keys are sorted by index attribute. Presently we expect * (but verify) that the input keys are already so sorted --- this is done * by match_clauses_to_index() in indxpath.c. Some reordering of the keys * within each attribute may be done as a byproduct of the processing here. @@ -127,29 +130,36 @@ static int _bt_compare_array_elements(const void *a, const void *b, void *arg); * This has the potential to be much more efficient than a full index scan * (though it behaves like a full scan when there's many distinct "x" values). * - * If possible, redundant keys are eliminated: we keep only the tightest + * Typically, redundant keys are eliminated: we keep only the tightest * >/>= bound and the tightest </<= bound, and if there's an = key then * that's the only one returned. (So, we return either a single = key, * or one or two boundary-condition keys for each attr.) However, if we * cannot compare two keys for lack of a suitable cross-type operator, - * we cannot eliminate either. If there are two such keys of the same - * operator strategy, the second one is just pushed into the output array - * without further processing here. We may also emit both >/>= or both - * </<= keys if we can't compare them. The logic about required keys still - * works if we don't eliminate redundant keys. - * - * Note that one reason we need direction-sensitive required-key flags is - * precisely that we may not be able to eliminate redundant keys. Suppose - * we have "x > 4::int AND x > 10::bigint", and we are unable to determine - * which key is more restrictive for lack of a suitable cross-type operator. - * _bt_first will arbitrarily pick one of the keys to do the initial - * positioning with. If it picks x > 4, then the x > 10 condition will fail - * until we reach index entries > 10; but we can't stop the scan just because - * x > 10 is failing. On the other hand, if we are scanning backwards, then - * failure of either key is indeed enough to stop the scan. (In general, when - * inequality keys are present, the initial-positioning code only promises to - * position before the first possible match, not exactly at the first match, - * for a forward scan; or after the last match for a backward scan.) + * we cannot eliminate either key. + * + * When all redundant keys could not be eliminated, we'll output a key array + * that can more or less be treated as if it had no redundant keys. Suppose + * we have "x > 4::int AND x > 10::bigint AND x < 70", and we are unable to + * determine which > key is more restrictive for lack of a suitable cross-type + * operator. We'll arbitrarily pick one of the > keys; the other > key won't + * be marked required. Obviously, the scan will be less efficient if we + * choose x > 4 over x > 10 -- but it can still largely proceed as if there + * was only a single > condition. "x > 10" will be placed at the end of the + * so->keyData[] output array. It'll always be evaluated last, after the keys + * that could be marked required in the usual way (after "x > 4 AND x < 70"). + * This can sometimes result in so->keyData[] keys that aren't even in index + * attribute order (if the qual involves multiple attributes). The scan's + * required keys will still be in attribute order, though, so it can't matter. + * + * This scheme ensures that _bt_first always uses the same set of keys at the + * start of a forwards scan as those _bt_checkkeys uses to determine when to + * end a similar backwards scan (and vice-versa). _bt_advance_array_keys + * depends on this: it expects to be able to reliably predict what the next + * _bt_first call will do by testing whether _bt_checkkeys' routines report + * that the final tuple on the page is past the end of matches for the scan's + * keys with the scan direction flipped. If it is (if continuescan=false), + * then it follows that calling _bt_first will, at a minimum, relocate the + * scan to the very next leaf page (in the current scan direction). * * As a byproduct of this work, we can detect contradictory quals such * as "x = 1 AND x > 2". If we see that, we return so->qual_ok = false, @@ -188,7 +198,8 @@ _bt_preprocess_keys(IndexScanDesc scan) int numberOfEqualCols; ScanKey inkeys; BTScanKeyPreproc xform[BTMaxStrategyNumber]; - bool test_result; + bool test_result, + redundant_key_kept = false; AttrNumber attno; ScanKey arrayKeyData; int *keyDataMap = NULL; @@ -388,7 +399,8 @@ _bt_preprocess_keys(IndexScanDesc scan) xform[j].inkey = NULL; xform[j].inkeyi = -1; } - /* else, cannot determine redundancy, keep both keys */ + else + redundant_key_kept = true; } /* track number of attrs for which we have "=" keys */ numberOfEqualCols++; @@ -409,6 +421,8 @@ _bt_preprocess_keys(IndexScanDesc scan) else xform[BTLessStrategyNumber - 1].inkey = NULL; } + else + redundant_key_kept = true; } /* try to keep only one of >, >= */ @@ -426,6 +440,8 @@ _bt_preprocess_keys(IndexScanDesc scan) else xform[BTGreaterStrategyNumber - 1].inkey = NULL; } + else + redundant_key_kept = true; } /* @@ -466,25 +482,6 @@ _bt_preprocess_keys(IndexScanDesc scan) /* check strategy this key's operator corresponds to */ j = inkey->sk_strategy - 1; - /* if row comparison, push it directly to the output array */ - if (inkey->sk_flags & SK_ROW_HEADER) - { - ScanKey outkey = &so->keyData[new_numberOfKeys++]; - - memcpy(outkey, inkey, sizeof(ScanKeyData)); - if (arrayKeyData) - keyDataMap[new_numberOfKeys - 1] = i; - if (numberOfEqualCols == attno - 1) - _bt_mark_scankey_required(outkey); - - /* - * We don't support RowCompare using equality; such a qual would - * mess up the numberOfEqualCols tracking. - */ - Assert(j != (BTEqualStrategyNumber - 1)); - continue; - } - if (inkey->sk_strategy == BTEqualStrategyNumber && (inkey->sk_flags & SK_SEARCHARRAY)) { @@ -593,9 +590,8 @@ _bt_preprocess_keys(IndexScanDesc scan) * the new scan key. * * Note: We do things this way around so that our arrays are - * always in the same order as their corresponding scan keys, - * even with incomplete opfamilies. _bt_advance_array_keys - * depends on this. + * always in the same order as their corresponding scan keys. + * _bt_preprocess_array_keys_final expects this. */ ScanKey outkey = &so->keyData[new_numberOfKeys++]; @@ -607,6 +603,7 @@ _bt_preprocess_keys(IndexScanDesc scan) xform[j].inkey = inkey; xform[j].inkeyi = i; xform[j].arrayidx = arrayidx; + redundant_key_kept = true; } } } @@ -622,6 +619,15 @@ _bt_preprocess_keys(IndexScanDesc scan) if (arrayKeyData) _bt_preprocess_array_keys_final(scan, keyDataMap); + /* + * If there are remaining redundant inequality keys, we must make sure + * that each index attribute has no more than one required >/>= key, and + * no more than one required </<= key. Attributes that have one or more + * required = keys now must keep only one required key (the first = key). + */ + if (unlikely(redundant_key_kept) && so->qual_ok) + _bt_unmark_keys(scan, keyDataMap); + /* Could pfree arrayKeyData/keyDataMap now, but not worth the cycles */ } @@ -847,8 +853,7 @@ _bt_compare_scankey_args(IndexScanDesc scan, ScanKey op, cmp_op; StrategyNumber strat; - Assert(!((leftarg->sk_flags | rightarg->sk_flags) & - (SK_ROW_HEADER | SK_ROW_MEMBER))); + Assert(!((leftarg->sk_flags | rightarg->sk_flags) & SK_ROW_MEMBER)); /* * First, deal with cases where one or both args are NULL. This should @@ -925,6 +930,16 @@ _bt_compare_scankey_args(IndexScanDesc scan, ScanKey op, } /* + * We don't yet know how to determine redundancy when it involves a row + * compare key (barring simple cases involving IS NULL/IS NOT NULL) + */ + if ((leftarg->sk_flags | rightarg->sk_flags) & SK_ROW_HEADER) + { + Assert(!((leftarg->sk_flags | rightarg->sk_flags) & SK_BT_SKIP)); + return false; + } + + /* * If either leftarg or rightarg are equality-type array scankeys, we need * specialized handling (since by now we know that IS NULL wasn't used) */ @@ -1468,6 +1483,283 @@ _bt_skiparray_strat_increment(IndexScanDesc scan, ScanKey arraysk, } /* + * _bt_unmark_keys() -- make superfluous required keys nonrequired after all + * + * When _bt_preprocess_keys fails to eliminate one or more redundant keys, it + * calls here to make sure that no index attribute has more than one > or >= + * key marked required, and no more than one required < or <= key. Attributes + * with = keys will always get one = key as their required key. All other + * keys that were initially marked required get "unmarked" here. That way, + * _bt_first and _bt_checkkeys will reliably agree on which keys to use to + * start and/or to end the scan. + * + * We also relocate keys that become/started out nonrequired to the end of + * so->keyData[]. That way, _bt_first and _bt_checkkeys cannot fail to reach + * a required key due to some earlier nonrequired key getting in the way. + * + * Only call here when _bt_compare_scankey_args returned false at least once + * (otherwise, calling here will just waste cycles). + */ +static void +_bt_unmark_keys(IndexScanDesc scan, int *keyDataMap) +{ + BTScanOpaque so = (BTScanOpaque) scan->opaque; + AttrNumber attno; + bool *unmarkikey; + int nunmark, + nunmarked, + nkept, + firsti; + ScanKey keepKeys, + unmarkKeys; + FmgrInfo *keepOrderProcs = NULL, + *unmarkOrderProcs = NULL; + bool haveReqEquals, + haveReqForward, + haveReqBackward; + + /* + * Do an initial pass over so->keyData[] that determines which keys to + * keep as required. We expect so->keyData[] to still be in attribute + * order when we're called (though we don't expect any particular order + * among each attribute's keys). + * + * When both equality and inequality keys remain on a single attribute, we + * *must* make sure that exactly one of the equalities remains required. + * Any requiredness markings that we might leave on later keys/attributes + * are predicated on there being required = keys on all prior columns. + */ + unmarkikey = palloc0(so->numberOfKeys * sizeof(bool)); + nunmark = 0; + + /* Set things up for first key's attribute */ + attno = so->keyData[0].sk_attno; + firsti = 0; + haveReqEquals = false; + haveReqForward = false; + haveReqBackward = false; + for (int i = 0; i < so->numberOfKeys; i++) + { + ScanKey origkey = &so->keyData[i]; + + if (origkey->sk_attno != attno) + { + /* Reset for next attribute */ + attno = origkey->sk_attno; + firsti = i; + + haveReqEquals = false; + haveReqForward = false; + haveReqBackward = false; + } + + /* Equalities get priority over inequalities */ + if (haveReqEquals) + { + /* + * We already found the first "=" key for this attribute. We've + * already decided that all its other keys will be unmarked. + */ + Assert(!(origkey->sk_flags & SK_SEARCHNULL)); + unmarkikey[i] = true; + nunmark++; + continue; + } + else if ((origkey->sk_flags & SK_BT_REQFWD) && + (origkey->sk_flags & SK_BT_REQBKWD)) + { + /* + * Found the first "=" key for attno. All other attno keys will + * be unmarked. + */ + Assert(origkey->sk_strategy == BTEqualStrategyNumber); + + haveReqEquals = true; + for (int j = firsti; j < i; j++) + { + /* Unmark any prior inequality keys on attno after all */ + if (!unmarkikey[j]) + { + unmarkikey[j] = true; + nunmark++; + } + } + continue; + } + + /* Deal with inequalities next */ + if ((origkey->sk_flags & SK_BT_REQFWD) && !haveReqForward) + { + haveReqForward = true; + continue; + } + else if ((origkey->sk_flags & SK_BT_REQBKWD) && !haveReqBackward) + { + haveReqBackward = true; + continue; + } + + /* + * We have either a redundant inequality key that will be unmarked, or + * we have a key that wasn't marked required in the first place + */ + unmarkikey[i] = true; + nunmark++; + } + + /* Should only be called when _bt_compare_scankey_args reported failure */ + Assert(nunmark > 0); + + /* + * Next, allocate temp arrays: one for required keys that'll remain + * required, the other for all remaining keys + */ + unmarkKeys = palloc(nunmark * sizeof(ScanKeyData)); + keepKeys = palloc((so->numberOfKeys - nunmark) * sizeof(ScanKeyData)); + nunmarked = 0; + nkept = 0; + if (so->numArrayKeys) + { + unmarkOrderProcs = palloc(nunmark * sizeof(FmgrInfo)); + keepOrderProcs = palloc((so->numberOfKeys - nunmark) * sizeof(FmgrInfo)); + } + + /* + * Next, copy the contents of so->keyData[] into the appropriate temp + * array. + * + * Scans with = array keys need us to maintain invariants around the order + * of so->orderProcs[] and so->arrayKeys[] relative to so->keyData[]. See + * _bt_preprocess_array_keys_final for a full explanation. + */ + for (int i = 0; i < so->numberOfKeys; i++) + { + ScanKey origkey = &so->keyData[i]; + ScanKey unmark; + + if (!unmarkikey[i]) + { + /* + * Key gets to keep its original requiredness markings. + * + * Key will stay in its original position, unless we're going to + * unmark an earlier key (in which case this key gets moved back). + */ + memcpy(keepKeys + nkept, origkey, sizeof(ScanKeyData)); + + if (so->numArrayKeys) + { + keyDataMap[i] = nkept; + memcpy(keepOrderProcs + nkept, &so->orderProcs[i], + sizeof(FmgrInfo)); + } + + nkept++; + continue; + } + + /* + * Key will be unmarked as needed, and moved to the end of the array, + * next to other keys that will become (or always were) nonrequired + */ + unmark = unmarkKeys + nunmarked; + memcpy(unmark, origkey, sizeof(ScanKeyData)); + + if (so->numArrayKeys) + { + keyDataMap[i] = (so->numberOfKeys - nunmark) + nunmarked; + memcpy(&unmarkOrderProcs[nunmarked], &so->orderProcs[i], + sizeof(FmgrInfo)); + } + + /* + * Preprocessing only generates skip arrays when it knows that they'll + * be the only required = key on the attr. We'll never unmark them. + */ + Assert(!(unmark->sk_flags & SK_BT_SKIP)); + + /* + * Also shouldn't have to unmark an IS NULL or an IS NOT NULL key. + * They aren't cross-type, so an incomplete opfamily can't matter. + */ + Assert(!(unmark->sk_flags & SK_ISNULL) || + !(unmark->sk_flags & (SK_BT_REQFWD | SK_BT_REQBKWD))); + + /* Clear requiredness flags on redundant key (and on any subkeys) */ + unmark->sk_flags &= ~(SK_BT_REQFWD | SK_BT_REQBKWD); + if (unmark->sk_flags & SK_ROW_HEADER) + { + ScanKey subkey = (ScanKey) DatumGetPointer(unmark->sk_argument); + + Assert(subkey->sk_strategy == unmark->sk_strategy); + for (;;) + { + Assert(subkey->sk_flags & SK_ROW_MEMBER); + subkey->sk_flags &= ~(SK_BT_REQFWD | SK_BT_REQBKWD); + if (subkey->sk_flags & SK_ROW_END) + break; + subkey++; + } + } + + nunmarked++; + } + + /* Copy both temp arrays back into so->keyData[] to reorder */ + Assert(nkept == so->numberOfKeys - nunmark); + Assert(nunmarked == nunmark); + memcpy(so->keyData, keepKeys, sizeof(ScanKeyData) * nkept); + memcpy(so->keyData + nkept, unmarkKeys, sizeof(ScanKeyData) * nunmarked); + + /* Done with temp arrays */ + pfree(unmarkikey); + pfree(keepKeys); + pfree(unmarkKeys); + + /* + * Now copy so->orderProcs[] temp entries needed by scans with = array + * keys back (just like with the so->keyData[] temp arrays) + */ + if (so->numArrayKeys) + { + memcpy(so->orderProcs, keepOrderProcs, sizeof(FmgrInfo) * nkept); + memcpy(so->orderProcs + nkept, unmarkOrderProcs, + sizeof(FmgrInfo) * nunmarked); + + /* Also fix-up array->scan_key references */ + for (int arridx = 0; arridx < so->numArrayKeys; arridx++) + { + BTArrayKeyInfo *array = &so->arrayKeys[arridx]; + + array->scan_key = keyDataMap[array->scan_key]; + } + + /* + * Sort so->arrayKeys[] based on its new BTArrayKeyInfo.scan_key + * offsets, so that its order matches so->keyData[] order as expected + */ + qsort(so->arrayKeys, so->numArrayKeys, sizeof(BTArrayKeyInfo), + _bt_reorder_array_cmp); + + /* Done with temp arrays */ + pfree(unmarkOrderProcs); + pfree(keepOrderProcs); + } +} + +/* + * qsort comparator for reordering so->arrayKeys[] BTArrayKeyInfo entries + */ +static int +_bt_reorder_array_cmp(const void *a, const void *b) +{ + BTArrayKeyInfo *arraya = (BTArrayKeyInfo *) a; + BTArrayKeyInfo *arrayb = (BTArrayKeyInfo *) b; + + return pg_cmp_s32(arraya->scan_key, arrayb->scan_key); +} + +/* * _bt_preprocess_array_keys() -- Preprocess SK_SEARCHARRAY scan keys * * If there are any SK_SEARCHARRAY scan keys, deconstruct the array(s) and diff --git a/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtsearch.c b/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtsearch.c index 36544ecfd58..9846ef6db53 100644 --- a/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtsearch.c +++ b/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtsearch.c @@ -960,46 +960,51 @@ _bt_first(IndexScanDesc scan, ScanDirection dir) /*---------- * Examine the scan keys to discover where we need to start the scan. + * The selected scan keys (at most one per index column) are remembered by + * storing their addresses into the local startKeys[] array. The final + * startKeys[] entry's strategy is set in strat_total. (Actually, there + * are a couple of cases where we force a less/more restrictive strategy.) * - * We want to identify the keys that can be used as starting boundaries; - * these are =, >, or >= keys for a forward scan or =, <, <= keys for - * a backwards scan. We can use keys for multiple attributes so long as - * the prior attributes had only =, >= (resp. =, <=) keys. Once we accept - * a > or < boundary or find an attribute with no boundary (which can be - * thought of as the same as "> -infinity"), we can't use keys for any - * attributes to its right, because it would break our simplistic notion - * of what initial positioning strategy to use. + * We must use the key that was marked required (in the direction opposite + * our own scan's) during preprocessing. Each index attribute can only + * have one such required key. In general, the keys that we use to find + * an initial position when scanning forwards are the same keys that end + * the scan on the leaf level when scanning backwards (and vice-versa). * * When the scan keys include cross-type operators, _bt_preprocess_keys - * may not be able to eliminate redundant keys; in such cases we will - * arbitrarily pick a usable one for each attribute. This is correct - * but possibly not optimal behavior. (For example, with keys like - * "x >= 4 AND x >= 5" we would elect to scan starting at x=4 when - * x=5 would be more efficient.) Since the situation only arises given - * a poorly-worded query plus an incomplete opfamily, live with it. + * may not be able to eliminate redundant keys; in such cases it will + * arbitrarily pick a usable key for each attribute (and scan direction), + * ensuring that there is no more than one key required in each direction. + * We stop considering further keys once we reach the first nonrequired + * key (which must come after all required keys), so this can't affect us. + * + * The required keys that we use as starting boundaries have to be =, >, + * or >= keys for a forward scan or =, <, <= keys for a backwards scan. + * We can use keys for multiple attributes so long as the prior attributes + * had only =, >= (resp. =, <=) keys. These rules are very similar to the + * rules that preprocessing used to determine which keys to mark required. + * We cannot always use every required key as a positioning key, though. + * Skip arrays necessitate independently applying our own rules here. + * Skip arrays are always generally considered = array keys, but we'll + * nevertheless treat them as inequalities at certain points of the scan. + * When that happens, it _might_ have implications for the number of + * required keys that we can safely use for initial positioning purposes. * - * When both equality and inequality keys appear for a single attribute - * (again, only possible when cross-type operators appear), we *must* - * select one of the equality keys for the starting point, because - * _bt_checkkeys() will stop the scan as soon as an equality qual fails. - * For example, if we have keys like "x >= 4 AND x = 10" and we elect to - * start at x=4, we will fail and stop before reaching x=10. If multiple - * equality quals survive preprocessing, however, it doesn't matter which - * one we use --- by definition, they are either redundant or - * contradictory. + * For example, a forward scan with a skip array on its leading attribute + * (with no low_compare/high_compare) will have at least two required scan + * keys, but we won't use any of them as boundary keys during the scan's + * initial call here. Our positioning key during the first call here can + * be thought of as representing "> -infinity". Similarly, if such a skip + * array's low_compare is "a > 'foo'", then we position using "a > 'foo'" + * during the scan's initial call here; a lower-order key such as "b = 42" + * can't be used until the "a" array advances beyond MINVAL/low_compare. * - * In practice we rarely see any "attribute boundary key gaps" here. - * Preprocessing can usually backfill skip array keys for any attributes - * that were omitted from the original scan->keyData[] input keys. All - * array keys are always considered = keys, but we'll sometimes need to - * treat the current key value as if we were using an inequality strategy. - * This happens with range skip arrays, which store inequality keys in the - * array's low_compare/high_compare fields (used to find the first/last - * set of matches, when = key will lack a usable sk_argument value). - * These are always preferred over any redundant "standard" inequality - * keys on the same column (per the usual rule about preferring = keys). - * Note also that any column with an = skip array key can never have an - * additional, contradictory = key. + * On the other hand, if such a skip array's low_compare was "a >= 'foo'", + * then we _can_ use "a >= 'foo' AND b = 42" during the initial call here. + * A subsequent call here might have us use "a = 'fop' AND b = 42". Note + * that we treat = and >= as equivalent when scanning forwards (just as we + * treat = and <= as equivalent when scanning backwards). We effectively + * do the same thing (though with a distinct "a" element/value) each time. * * All keys (with the exception of SK_SEARCHNULL keys and SK_BT_SKIP * array keys whose array is "null_elem=true") imply a NOT NULL qualifier. @@ -1014,18 +1019,17 @@ _bt_first(IndexScanDesc scan, ScanDirection dir) * first (leftmost) columns. We'll add on lower-order columns of the row * comparison below, if possible. * - * The selected scan keys (at most one per index column) are remembered by - * storing their addresses into the local startKeys[] array. - * - * _bt_checkkeys/_bt_advance_array_keys decide whether and when to start - * the next primitive index scan (for scans with array keys) based in part - * on an understanding of how it'll enable us to reposition the scan. - * They're directly aware of how we'll sometimes cons up an explicit - * SK_SEARCHNOTNULL key. They'll even end primitive scans by applying a - * symmetric "deduce NOT NULL" rule of their own. This allows top-level - * scans to skip large groups of NULLs through repeated deductions about - * key strictness (for a required inequality key) and whether NULLs in the - * key's index column are stored last or first (relative to non-NULLs). + * _bt_advance_array_keys needs to know exactly how we'll reposition the + * scan (should it opt to schedule another primitive index scan). It is + * critical that primscans only be scheduled when they'll definitely make + * some useful progress. _bt_advance_array_keys does this by calling + * _bt_checkkeys routines that report whether a tuple is past the end of + * matches for the scan's keys (given the scan's current array elements). + * If the page's final tuple is "after the end of matches" for a scan that + * uses the *opposite* scan direction, then it must follow that it's also + * "before the start of matches" for the actual current scan direction. + * It is therefore essential that all of our initial positioning rules are + * symmetric with _bt_checkkeys's corresponding continuescan=false rule. * If you update anything here, _bt_checkkeys/_bt_advance_array_keys might * need to be kept in sync. *---------- @@ -1034,18 +1038,17 @@ _bt_first(IndexScanDesc scan, ScanDirection dir) if (so->numberOfKeys > 0) { AttrNumber curattr; - ScanKey chosen; + ScanKey bkey; ScanKey impliesNN; ScanKey cur; /* - * chosen is the so-far-chosen key for the current attribute, if any. - * We don't cast the decision in stone until we reach keys for the - * next attribute. + * bkey will be set to the key that preprocessing left behind as the + * boundary key for this attribute, in this scan direction (if any) */ cur = so->keyData; curattr = 1; - chosen = NULL; + bkey = NULL; /* Also remember any scankey that implies a NOT NULL constraint */ impliesNN = NULL; @@ -1058,23 +1061,29 @@ _bt_first(IndexScanDesc scan, ScanDirection dir) { if (i >= so->numberOfKeys || cur->sk_attno != curattr) { + /* Done looking for the curattr boundary key */ + Assert(bkey == NULL || + (bkey->sk_attno == curattr && + (bkey->sk_flags & (SK_BT_REQFWD | SK_BT_REQBKWD)))); + Assert(impliesNN == NULL || + (impliesNN->sk_attno == curattr && + (impliesNN->sk_flags & (SK_BT_REQFWD | SK_BT_REQBKWD)))); + /* - * Done looking at keys for curattr. - * * If this is a scan key for a skip array whose current * element is MINVAL, choose low_compare (when scanning * backwards it'll be MAXVAL, and we'll choose high_compare). * - * Note: if the array's low_compare key makes 'chosen' NULL, + * Note: if the array's low_compare key makes 'bkey' NULL, * then we behave as if the array's first element is -inf, * except when !array->null_elem implies a usable NOT NULL * constraint. */ - if (chosen != NULL && - (chosen->sk_flags & (SK_BT_MINVAL | SK_BT_MAXVAL))) + if (bkey != NULL && + (bkey->sk_flags & (SK_BT_MINVAL | SK_BT_MAXVAL))) { - int ikey = chosen - so->keyData; - ScanKey skipequalitykey = chosen; + int ikey = bkey - so->keyData; + ScanKey skipequalitykey = bkey; BTArrayKeyInfo *array = NULL; for (int arridx = 0; arridx < so->numArrayKeys; arridx++) @@ -1087,35 +1096,35 @@ _bt_first(IndexScanDesc scan, ScanDirection dir) if (ScanDirectionIsForward(dir)) { Assert(!(skipequalitykey->sk_flags & SK_BT_MAXVAL)); - chosen = array->low_compare; + bkey = array->low_compare; } else { Assert(!(skipequalitykey->sk_flags & SK_BT_MINVAL)); - chosen = array->high_compare; + bkey = array->high_compare; } - Assert(chosen == NULL || - chosen->sk_attno == skipequalitykey->sk_attno); + Assert(bkey == NULL || + bkey->sk_attno == skipequalitykey->sk_attno); if (!array->null_elem) impliesNN = skipequalitykey; else - Assert(chosen == NULL && impliesNN == NULL); + Assert(bkey == NULL && impliesNN == NULL); } /* * If we didn't find a usable boundary key, see if we can * deduce a NOT NULL key */ - if (chosen == NULL && impliesNN != NULL && + if (bkey == NULL && impliesNN != NULL && ((impliesNN->sk_flags & SK_BT_NULLS_FIRST) ? ScanDirectionIsForward(dir) : ScanDirectionIsBackward(dir))) { /* Yes, so build the key in notnullkeys[keysz] */ - chosen = ¬nullkeys[keysz]; - ScanKeyEntryInitialize(chosen, + bkey = ¬nullkeys[keysz]; + ScanKeyEntryInitialize(bkey, (SK_SEARCHNOTNULL | SK_ISNULL | (impliesNN->sk_flags & (SK_BT_DESC | SK_BT_NULLS_FIRST))), @@ -1130,12 +1139,12 @@ _bt_first(IndexScanDesc scan, ScanDirection dir) } /* - * If we still didn't find a usable boundary key, quit; else - * save the boundary key pointer in startKeys. + * If preprocessing didn't leave a usable boundary key, quit; + * else save the boundary key pointer in startKeys[] */ - if (chosen == NULL) + if (bkey == NULL) break; - startKeys[keysz++] = chosen; + startKeys[keysz++] = bkey; /* * We can only consider adding more boundary keys when the one @@ -1143,7 +1152,7 @@ _bt_first(IndexScanDesc scan, ScanDirection dir) * (during backwards scans we can only do so when the key that * we just added to startKeys[] uses the = or <= strategy) */ - strat_total = chosen->sk_strategy; + strat_total = bkey->sk_strategy; if (strat_total == BTGreaterStrategyNumber || strat_total == BTLessStrategyNumber) break; @@ -1154,19 +1163,19 @@ _bt_first(IndexScanDesc scan, ScanDirection dir) * make strat_total > or < (and stop adding boundary keys). * This can only happen with opclasses that lack skip support. */ - if (chosen->sk_flags & (SK_BT_NEXT | SK_BT_PRIOR)) + if (bkey->sk_flags & (SK_BT_NEXT | SK_BT_PRIOR)) { - Assert(chosen->sk_flags & SK_BT_SKIP); + Assert(bkey->sk_flags & SK_BT_SKIP); Assert(strat_total == BTEqualStrategyNumber); if (ScanDirectionIsForward(dir)) { - Assert(!(chosen->sk_flags & SK_BT_PRIOR)); + Assert(!(bkey->sk_flags & SK_BT_PRIOR)); strat_total = BTGreaterStrategyNumber; } else { - Assert(!(chosen->sk_flags & SK_BT_NEXT)); + Assert(!(bkey->sk_flags & SK_BT_NEXT)); strat_total = BTLessStrategyNumber; } @@ -1180,24 +1189,30 @@ _bt_first(IndexScanDesc scan, ScanDirection dir) /* * Done if that was the last scan key output by preprocessing. - * Also done if there is a gap index attribute that lacks a - * usable key (only possible when preprocessing was unable to - * generate a skip array key to "fill in the gap"). + * Also done if we've now examined all keys marked required. */ if (i >= so->numberOfKeys || - cur->sk_attno != curattr + 1) + !(cur->sk_flags & (SK_BT_REQFWD | SK_BT_REQBKWD))) break; /* * Reset for next attr. */ + Assert(cur->sk_attno == curattr + 1); curattr = cur->sk_attno; - chosen = NULL; + bkey = NULL; impliesNN = NULL; } /* - * Can we use this key as a starting boundary for this attr? + * If we've located the starting boundary key for curattr, we have + * no interest in curattr's other required key + */ + if (bkey != NULL) + continue; + + /* + * Is this key the starting boundary key for curattr? * * If not, does it imply a NOT NULL constraint? (Because * SK_SEARCHNULL keys are always assigned BTEqualStrategyNumber, @@ -1207,27 +1222,20 @@ _bt_first(IndexScanDesc scan, ScanDirection dir) { case BTLessStrategyNumber: case BTLessEqualStrategyNumber: - if (chosen == NULL) - { - if (ScanDirectionIsBackward(dir)) - chosen = cur; - else - impliesNN = cur; - } + if (ScanDirectionIsBackward(dir)) + bkey = cur; + else if (impliesNN == NULL) + impliesNN = cur; break; case BTEqualStrategyNumber: - /* override any non-equality choice */ - chosen = cur; + bkey = cur; break; case BTGreaterEqualStrategyNumber: case BTGreaterStrategyNumber: - if (chosen == NULL) - { - if (ScanDirectionIsForward(dir)) - chosen = cur; - else - impliesNN = cur; - } + if (ScanDirectionIsForward(dir)) + bkey = cur; + else if (impliesNN == NULL) + impliesNN = cur; break; } } diff --git a/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtutils.c b/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtutils.c index c71d1b6f2e1..eb6dbfda33c 100644 --- a/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtutils.c +++ b/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtutils.c @@ -44,7 +44,6 @@ static bool _bt_array_decrement(Relation rel, ScanKey skey, BTArrayKeyInfo *arra static bool _bt_array_increment(Relation rel, ScanKey skey, BTArrayKeyInfo *array); static bool _bt_advance_array_keys_increment(IndexScanDesc scan, ScanDirection dir, bool *skip_array_set); -static void _bt_rewind_nonrequired_arrays(IndexScanDesc scan, ScanDirection dir); static bool _bt_tuple_before_array_skeys(IndexScanDesc scan, ScanDirection dir, IndexTuple tuple, TupleDesc tupdesc, int tupnatts, bool readpagetup, int sktrig, bool *scanBehind); @@ -52,7 +51,6 @@ static bool _bt_advance_array_keys(IndexScanDesc scan, BTReadPageState *pstate, IndexTuple tuple, int tupnatts, TupleDesc tupdesc, int sktrig, bool sktrig_required); #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING -static bool _bt_verify_arrays_bt_first(IndexScanDesc scan, ScanDirection dir); static bool _bt_verify_keys_with_arraykeys(IndexScanDesc scan); #endif static bool _bt_oppodir_checkkeys(IndexScanDesc scan, ScanDirection dir, @@ -1035,73 +1033,6 @@ _bt_advance_array_keys_increment(IndexScanDesc scan, ScanDirection dir, } /* - * _bt_rewind_nonrequired_arrays() -- Rewind SAOP arrays not marked required - * - * Called when _bt_advance_array_keys decides to start a new primitive index - * scan on the basis of the current scan position being before the position - * that _bt_first is capable of repositioning the scan to by applying an - * inequality operator required in the opposite-to-scan direction only. - * - * Although equality strategy scan keys (for both arrays and non-arrays alike) - * are either marked required in both directions or in neither direction, - * there is a sense in which non-required arrays behave like required arrays. - * With a qual such as "WHERE a IN (100, 200) AND b >= 3 AND c IN (5, 6, 7)", - * the scan key on "c" is non-required, but nevertheless enables positioning - * the scan at the first tuple >= "(100, 3, 5)" on the leaf level during the - * first descent of the tree by _bt_first. Later on, there could also be a - * second descent, that places the scan right before tuples >= "(200, 3, 5)". - * _bt_first must never be allowed to build an insertion scan key whose "c" - * entry is set to a value other than 5, the "c" array's first element/value. - * (Actually, it's the first in the current scan direction. This example uses - * a forward scan.) - * - * Calling here resets the array scan key elements for the scan's non-required - * arrays. This is strictly necessary for correctness in a subset of cases - * involving "required in opposite direction"-triggered primitive index scans. - * Not all callers are at risk of _bt_first using a non-required array like - * this, but advancement always resets the arrays when another primitive scan - * is scheduled, just to keep things simple. Array advancement even makes - * sure to reset non-required arrays during scans that have no inequalities. - * (Advancement still won't call here when there are no inequalities, though - * that's just because it's all handled indirectly instead.) - * - * Note: _bt_verify_arrays_bt_first is called by an assertion to enforce that - * everybody got this right. - * - * Note: In practice almost all SAOP arrays are marked required during - * preprocessing (if necessary by generating skip arrays). It is hardly ever - * truly necessary to call here, but consistently doing so is simpler. - */ -static void -_bt_rewind_nonrequired_arrays(IndexScanDesc scan, ScanDirection dir) -{ - Relation rel = scan->indexRelation; - BTScanOpaque so = (BTScanOpaque) scan->opaque; - int arrayidx = 0; - - for (int ikey = 0; ikey < so->numberOfKeys; ikey++) - { - ScanKey cur = so->keyData + ikey; - BTArrayKeyInfo *array = NULL; - - if (!(cur->sk_flags & SK_SEARCHARRAY) || - cur->sk_strategy != BTEqualStrategyNumber) - continue; - - array = &so->arrayKeys[arrayidx++]; - Assert(array->scan_key == ikey); - - if ((cur->sk_flags & (SK_BT_REQFWD | SK_BT_REQBKWD))) - continue; - - Assert(array->num_elems != -1); /* No non-required skip arrays */ - - _bt_array_set_low_or_high(rel, cur, array, - ScanDirectionIsForward(dir)); - } -} - -/* * _bt_tuple_before_array_skeys() -- too early to advance required arrays? * * We always compare the tuple using the current array keys (which we assume @@ -1380,8 +1311,6 @@ _bt_start_prim_scan(IndexScanDesc scan, ScanDirection dir) */ if (so->needPrimScan) { - Assert(_bt_verify_arrays_bt_first(scan, dir)); - /* * Flag was set -- must call _bt_first again, which will reset the * scan's needPrimScan flag @@ -2007,14 +1936,7 @@ _bt_advance_array_keys(IndexScanDesc scan, BTReadPageState *pstate, */ else if (has_required_opposite_direction_only && pstate->finaltup && unlikely(!_bt_oppodir_checkkeys(scan, dir, pstate->finaltup))) - { - /* - * Make sure that any SAOP arrays that were not marked required by - * preprocessing are reset to their first element for this direction - */ - _bt_rewind_nonrequired_arrays(scan, dir); goto new_prim_scan; - } continue_scan: @@ -2045,8 +1967,6 @@ continue_scan: */ so->oppositeDirCheck = has_required_opposite_direction_only; - _bt_rewind_nonrequired_arrays(scan, dir); - /* * skip by setting "look ahead" mechanism's offnum for forwards scans * (backwards scans check scanBehind flag directly instead) @@ -2143,48 +2063,6 @@ end_toplevel_scan: #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING /* - * Verify that the scan's qual state matches what we expect at the point that - * _bt_start_prim_scan is about to start a just-scheduled new primitive scan. - * - * We enforce a rule against non-required array scan keys: they must start out - * with whatever element is the first for the scan's current scan direction. - * See _bt_rewind_nonrequired_arrays comments for an explanation. - */ -static bool -_bt_verify_arrays_bt_first(IndexScanDesc scan, ScanDirection dir) -{ - BTScanOpaque so = (BTScanOpaque) scan->opaque; - int arrayidx = 0; - - for (int ikey = 0; ikey < so->numberOfKeys; ikey++) - { - ScanKey cur = so->keyData + ikey; - BTArrayKeyInfo *array = NULL; - int first_elem_dir; - - if (!(cur->sk_flags & SK_SEARCHARRAY) || - cur->sk_strategy != BTEqualStrategyNumber) - continue; - - array = &so->arrayKeys[arrayidx++]; - - if (((cur->sk_flags & SK_BT_REQFWD) && ScanDirectionIsForward(dir)) || - ((cur->sk_flags & SK_BT_REQBKWD) && ScanDirectionIsBackward(dir))) - continue; - - if (ScanDirectionIsForward(dir)) - first_elem_dir = 0; - else - first_elem_dir = array->num_elems - 1; - - if (array->cur_elem != first_elem_dir) - return false; - } - - return _bt_verify_keys_with_arraykeys(scan); -} - -/* * Verify that the scan's "so->keyData[]" scan keys are in agreement with * its array key state */ @@ -2194,6 +2072,7 @@ _bt_verify_keys_with_arraykeys(IndexScanDesc scan) BTScanOpaque so = (BTScanOpaque) scan->opaque; int last_sk_attno = InvalidAttrNumber, arrayidx = 0; + bool nonrequiredseen = false; if (!so->qual_ok) return false; @@ -2217,8 +2096,16 @@ _bt_verify_keys_with_arraykeys(IndexScanDesc scan) if (array->num_elems != -1 && cur->sk_argument != array->elem_values[array->cur_elem]) return false; - if (last_sk_attno > cur->sk_attno) - return false; + if (cur->sk_flags & (SK_BT_REQFWD | SK_BT_REQBKWD)) + { + if (last_sk_attno > cur->sk_attno) + return false; + if (nonrequiredseen) + return false; + } + else + nonrequiredseen = true; + last_sk_attno = cur->sk_attno; } @@ -2551,7 +2438,6 @@ _bt_set_startikey(IndexScanDesc scan, BTReadPageState *pstate) if (!(key->sk_flags & (SK_BT_REQFWD | SK_BT_REQBKWD))) { /* Scan key isn't marked required (corner case) */ - Assert(!(key->sk_flags & SK_ROW_HEADER)); break; /* unsafe */ } if (key->sk_flags & SK_ROW_HEADER) |