meson: Add initial version of meson based build system

Autoconf is showing its age, fewer and fewer contributors know how to wrangle
it. Recursive make has a lot of hard to resolve dependency issues and slow
incremental rebuilds. Our home-grown MSVC build system is hard to maintain for
developers not using Windows and runs tests serially. While these and other
issues could individually be addressed with incremental improvements, together
they seem best addressed by moving to a more modern build system.

After evaluating different build system choices, we chose to use meson, to a
good degree based on the adoption by other open source projects.

We decided that it's more realistic to commit a relatively early version of
the new build system and mature it in tree.

This commit adds an initial version of a meson based build system. It supports
building postgres on at least AIX, FreeBSD, Linux, macOS, NetBSD, OpenBSD,
Solaris and Windows (however only gcc is supported on aix, solaris). For
Windows/MSVC postgres can now be built with ninja (faster, particularly for
incremental builds) and msbuild (supporting the visual studio GUI, but
building slower).

Several aspects (e.g. Windows rc file generation, PGXS compatibility, LLVM
bitcode generation, documentation adjustments) are done in subsequent commits
requiring further review. Other aspects (e.g. not installing test-only
extensions) are not yet addressed.

When building on Windows with msbuild, builds are slower when using a visual
studio version older than 2019, because those versions do not support
MultiToolTask, required by meson for intra-target parallelism.

The plan is to remove the MSVC specific build system in src/tools/msvc soon
after reaching feature parity. However, we're not planning to remove the
autoconf/make build system in the near future. Likely we're going to keep at
least the parts required for PGXS to keep working around until all supported
versions build with meson.

Some initial help for postgres developers is at
https://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Meson

With contributions from Thomas Munro, John Naylor, Stone Tickle and others.

Author: Andres Freund <andres@anarazel.de>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <byavuz81@gmail.com>
Author: Peter Eisentraut <peter@eisentraut.org>
Reviewed-By: Peter Eisentraut <peter.eisentraut@enterprisedb.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20211012083721.hvixq4pnh2pixr3j@alap3.anarazel.de

199 files changed, 5482 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/src/backend/access/brin/meson.build b/src/backend/access/brin/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a54c7532927
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/access/brin/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+backend_sources += files(
+  'brin.c',
+  'brin_bloom.c',
+  'brin_inclusion.c',
+  'brin_minmax.c',
+  'brin_minmax_multi.c',
+  'brin_pageops.c',
+  'brin_revmap.c',
+  'brin_tuple.c',
+  'brin_validate.c',
+  'brin_xlog.c',
+)
diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/meson.build b/src/backend/access/common/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..857beaa32d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+backend_sources += files(
+  'attmap.c',
+  'bufmask.c',
+  'detoast.c',
+  'heaptuple.c',
+  'indextuple.c',
+  'printsimple.c',
+  'printtup.c',
+  'relation.c',
+  'reloptions.c',
+  'scankey.c',
+  'session.c',
+  'syncscan.c',
+  'toast_compression.c',
+  'toast_internals.c',
+  'tupconvert.c',
+  'tupdesc.c',
+)
diff --git a/src/backend/access/gin/meson.build b/src/backend/access/gin/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..56d6f343d54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/access/gin/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+backend_sources += files(
+  'ginarrayproc.c',
+  'ginbtree.c',
+  'ginbulk.c',
+  'gindatapage.c',
+  'ginentrypage.c',
+  'ginfast.c',
+  'ginget.c',
+  'gininsert.c',
+  'ginlogic.c',
+  'ginpostinglist.c',
+  'ginscan.c',
+  'ginutil.c',
+  'ginvacuum.c',
+  'ginvalidate.c',
+  'ginxlog.c',
+)
diff --git a/src/backend/access/gist/meson.build b/src/backend/access/gist/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1a996b5e25d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/access/gist/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+backend_sources += files(
+  'gist.c',
+  'gistbuild.c',
+  'gistbuildbuffers.c',
+  'gistget.c',
+  'gistproc.c',
+  'gistscan.c',
+  'gistsplit.c',
+  'gistutil.c',
+  'gistvacuum.c',
+  'gistvalidate.c',
+  'gistxlog.c',
+)
diff --git a/src/backend/access/hash/meson.build b/src/backend/access/hash/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..22f2c691c34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/access/hash/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+backend_sources += files(
+  'hash.c',
+  'hash_xlog.c',
+  'hashfunc.c',
+  'hashinsert.c',
+  'hashovfl.c',
+  'hashpage.c',
+  'hashsearch.c',
+  'hashsort.c',
+  'hashutil.c',
+  'hashvalidate.c',
+)
diff --git a/src/backend/access/heap/meson.build b/src/backend/access/heap/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f1dca73743c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/access/heap/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+backend_sources += files(
+  'heapam.c',
+  'heapam_handler.c',
+  'heapam_visibility.c',
+  'heaptoast.c',
+  'hio.c',
+  'pruneheap.c',
+  'rewriteheap.c',
+  'vacuumlazy.c',
+  'visibilitymap.c',
+)
diff --git a/src/backend/access/index/meson.build b/src/backend/access/index/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..18af5533e65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/access/index/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+backend_sources += files(
+  'amapi.c',
+  'amvalidate.c',
+  'genam.c',
+  'indexam.c',
+)
diff --git a/src/backend/access/meson.build b/src/backend/access/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9874291fc0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/access/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+subdir('brin')
+subdir('common')
+subdir('gin')
+subdir('gist')
+subdir('hash')
+subdir('heap')
+subdir('index')
+subdir('nbtree')
+subdir('rmgrdesc')
+subdir('spgist')
+subdir('table')
+subdir('tablesample')
+subdir('transam')
diff --git a/src/backend/access/nbtree/meson.build b/src/backend/access/nbtree/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..07dc29e8190
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/access/nbtree/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+backend_sources += files(
+  'nbtcompare.c',
+  'nbtdedup.c',
+  'nbtinsert.c',
+  'nbtpage.c',
+  'nbtree.c',
+  'nbtsearch.c',
+  'nbtsort.c',
+  'nbtsplitloc.c',
+  'nbtutils.c',
+  'nbtvalidate.c',
+  'nbtxlog.c',
+)
diff --git a/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/meson.build b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f3a6e0a571b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# used by frontend programs like pg_waldump
+rmgr_desc_sources = files(
+  'brindesc.c',
+  'clogdesc.c',
+  'committsdesc.c',
+  'dbasedesc.c',
+  'genericdesc.c',
+  'gindesc.c',
+  'gistdesc.c',
+  'hashdesc.c',
+  'heapdesc.c',
+  'logicalmsgdesc.c',
+  'mxactdesc.c',
+  'nbtdesc.c',
+  'relmapdesc.c',
+  'replorigindesc.c',
+  'seqdesc.c',
+  'smgrdesc.c',
+  'spgdesc.c',
+  'standbydesc.c',
+  'tblspcdesc.c',
+  'xactdesc.c',
+  'xlogdesc.c',
+)
+
+backend_sources += rmgr_desc_sources
diff --git a/src/backend/access/spgist/meson.build b/src/backend/access/spgist/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f18d0d2e53f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/access/spgist/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+backend_sources += files(
+  'spgdoinsert.c',
+  'spginsert.c',
+  'spgkdtreeproc.c',
+  'spgproc.c',
+  'spgquadtreeproc.c',
+  'spgscan.c',
+  'spgtextproc.c',
+  'spgutils.c',
+  'spgvacuum.c',
+  'spgvalidate.c',
+  'spgxlog.c',
+)
diff --git a/src/backend/access/table/meson.build b/src/backend/access/table/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..66c706d640e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/access/table/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+backend_sources += files(
+  'table.c',
+  'tableam.c',
+  'tableamapi.c',
+  'toast_helper.c',
+)
diff --git a/src/backend/access/tablesample/meson.build b/src/backend/access/tablesample/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..63ee8203226
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/access/tablesample/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+backend_sources += files(
+  'bernoulli.c',
+  'system.c',
+  'tablesample.c',
+)
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/meson.build b/src/backend/access/transam/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c32169bd2c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+backend_sources += files(
+  'clog.c',
+  'commit_ts.c',
+  'generic_xlog.c',
+  'multixact.c',
+  'parallel.c',
+  'rmgr.c',
+  'slru.c',
+  'subtrans.c',
+  'timeline.c',
+  'transam.c',
+  'twophase.c',
+  'twophase_rmgr.c',
+  'varsup.c',
+  'xact.c',
+  'xlog.c',
+  'xlogarchive.c',
+  'xlogfuncs.c',
+  'xloginsert.c',
+  'xlogprefetcher.c',
+  'xlogrecovery.c',
+  'xlogstats.c',
+  'xlogutils.c',
+)
+
+# used by frontend programs to build a frontend xlogreader
+xlogreader_sources = files(
+  'xlogreader.c',
+)
+
+backend_sources += xlogreader_sources
diff --git a/src/backend/backup/meson.build b/src/backend/backup/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a09305cadfa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/backup/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+backend_sources += files(
+  'backup_manifest.c',
+  'basebackup.c',
+  'basebackup_copy.c',
+  'basebackup_gzip.c',
+  'basebackup_lz4.c',
+  'basebackup_progress.c',
+  'basebackup_server.c',
+  'basebackup_sink.c',
+  'basebackup_target.c',
+  'basebackup_throttle.c',
+  'basebackup_zstd.c',
+)
diff --git a/src/backend/bootstrap/meson.build b/src/backend/bootstrap/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..55c33dd21c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/bootstrap/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+backend_sources += files(
+ 'bootstrap.c')
+
+# see ../parser/meson.build
+boot_parser_sources = []
+
+bootscanner = custom_target('bootscanner',
+  input: 'bootscanner.l',
+  output: 'bootscanner.c',
+  command: flex_cmd,
+)
+generated_sources += bootscanner
+boot_parser_sources += bootscanner
+
+bootparse = custom_target('bootparse',
+  input: 'bootparse.y',
+  kwargs: bison_kw,
+)
+generated_sources += bootparse.to_list()
+boot_parser_sources += bootparse
+
+boot_parser = static_library('boot_parser',
+  boot_parser_sources,
+  dependencies: [backend_code],
+  include_directories: include_directories('.'),
+  kwargs: internal_lib_args,
+)
+backend_link_with += boot_parser
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/meson.build b/src/backend/catalog/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..08747914516
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+backend_sources += files(
+  'aclchk.c',
+  'catalog.c',
+  'dependency.c',
+  'heap.c',
+  'index.c',
+  'indexing.c',
+  'namespace.c',
+  'objectaccess.c',
+  'objectaddress.c',
+  'partition.c',
+  'pg_aggregate.c',
+  'pg_attrdef.c',
+  'pg_cast.c',
+  'pg_class.c',
+  'pg_collation.c',
+  'pg_constraint.c',
+  'pg_conversion.c',
+  'pg_db_role_setting.c',
+  'pg_depend.c',
+  'pg_enum.c',
+  'pg_inherits.c',
+  'pg_largeobject.c',
+  'pg_namespace.c',
+  'pg_operator.c',
+  'pg_parameter_acl.c',
+  'pg_proc.c',
+  'pg_publication.c',
+  'pg_range.c',
+  'pg_shdepend.c',
+  'pg_subscription.c',
+  'pg_type.c',
+  'storage.c',
+  'toasting.c',
+)
+
+
+install_data(
+  'information_schema.sql',
+  'sql_features.txt',
+  'system_functions.sql',
+  'system_views.sql',
+  install_dir: dir_data,
+)
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/meson.build b/src/backend/commands/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9b350d025ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/commands/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+backend_sources += files(
+  'aggregatecmds.c',
+  'alter.c',
+  'amcmds.c',
+  'analyze.c',
+  'async.c',
+  'cluster.c',
+  'collationcmds.c',
+  'comment.c',
+  'constraint.c',
+  'conversioncmds.c',
+  'copy.c',
+  'copyfrom.c',
+  'copyfromparse.c',
+  'copyto.c',
+  'createas.c',
+  'dbcommands.c',
+  'define.c',
+  'discard.c',
+  'dropcmds.c',
+  'event_trigger.c',
+  'explain.c',
+  'extension.c',
+  'foreigncmds.c',
+  'functioncmds.c',
+  'indexcmds.c',
+  'lockcmds.c',
+  'matview.c',
+  'opclasscmds.c',
+  'operatorcmds.c',
+  'policy.c',
+  'portalcmds.c',
+  'prepare.c',
+  'proclang.c',
+  'publicationcmds.c',
+  'schemacmds.c',
+  'seclabel.c',
+  'sequence.c',
+  'statscmds.c',
+  'subscriptioncmds.c',
+  'tablecmds.c',
+  'tablespace.c',
+  'trigger.c',
+  'tsearchcmds.c',
+  'typecmds.c',
+  'user.c',
+  'vacuum.c',
+  'vacuumparallel.c',
+  'variable.c',
+  'view.c',
+)
diff --git a/src/backend/executor/meson.build b/src/backend/executor/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..518674cfa28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/executor/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+backend_sources += files(
+  'execAmi.c',
+  'execAsync.c',
+  'execCurrent.c',
+  'execExpr.c',
+  'execExprInterp.c',
+  'execGrouping.c',
+  'execIndexing.c',
+  'execJunk.c',
+  'execMain.c',
+  'execParallel.c',
+  'execPartition.c',
+  'execProcnode.c',
+  'execReplication.c',
+  'execSRF.c',
+  'execScan.c',
+  'execTuples.c',
+  'execUtils.c',
+  'functions.c',
+  'instrument.c',
+  'nodeAgg.c',
+  'nodeAppend.c',
+  'nodeBitmapAnd.c',
+  'nodeBitmapHeapscan.c',
+  'nodeBitmapIndexscan.c',
+  'nodeBitmapOr.c',
+  'nodeCtescan.c',
+  'nodeCustom.c',
+  'nodeForeignscan.c',
+  'nodeFunctionscan.c',
+  'nodeGather.c',
+  'nodeGatherMerge.c',
+  'nodeGroup.c',
+  'nodeHash.c',
+  'nodeHashjoin.c',
+  'nodeIncrementalSort.c',
+  'nodeIndexonlyscan.c',
+  'nodeIndexscan.c',
+  'nodeLimit.c',
+  'nodeLockRows.c',
+  'nodeMaterial.c',
+  'nodeMemoize.c',
+  'nodeMergeAppend.c',
+  'nodeMergejoin.c',
+  'nodeModifyTable.c',
+  'nodeNamedtuplestorescan.c',
+  'nodeNestloop.c',
+  'nodeProjectSet.c',
+  'nodeRecursiveunion.c',
+  'nodeResult.c',
+  'nodeSamplescan.c',
+  'nodeSeqscan.c',
+  'nodeSetOp.c',
+  'nodeSort.c',
+  'nodeSubplan.c',
+  'nodeSubqueryscan.c',
+  'nodeTableFuncscan.c',
+  'nodeTidrangescan.c',
+  'nodeTidscan.c',
+  'nodeUnique.c',
+  'nodeValuesscan.c',
+  'nodeWindowAgg.c',
+  'nodeWorktablescan.c',
+  'spi.c',
+  'tqueue.c',
+  'tstoreReceiver.c',
+)
diff --git a/src/backend/foreign/meson.build b/src/backend/foreign/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..57463db92c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/foreign/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+backend_sources += files(
+  'foreign.c'
+)
diff --git a/src/backend/jit/llvm/meson.build b/src/backend/jit/llvm/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..de2e624ab58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/jit/llvm/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+if not llvm.found()
+  subdir_done()
+endif
+
+# Build LLVM JIT backend module
+
+llvmjit_sources = []
+
+# Infrastructure
+llvmjit_sources += files(
+  'llvmjit.c',
+  'llvmjit_error.cpp',
+  'llvmjit_inline.cpp',
+  'llvmjit_wrap.cpp',
+)
+
+# Code generation
+llvmjit_sources += files(
+  'llvmjit_deform.c',
+  'llvmjit_expr.c',
+)
+
+llvmjit = shared_module('llvmjit',
+  llvmjit_sources,
+  kwargs: pg_mod_args + {
+    'dependencies': pg_mod_args['dependencies'] + [llvm],
+  }
+)
+
+backend_targets += llvmjit
+
+
+# Define a few bits and pieces used here and elsewhere to generate bitcode
+
+llvm_irgen_args = [
+  '-c', '-o', '@OUTPUT@', '@INPUT@',
+  '-flto=thin', '-emit-llvm',
+  '-MD', '-MQ', '@OUTPUT@', '-MF', '@DEPFILE@',
+  '-O2',
+  '-Wno-ignored-attributes',
+  '-Wno-empty-body',
+]
+
+if ccache.found()
+  llvm_irgen_command = ccache
+  llvm_irgen_args = [clang.path()] + llvm_irgen_args
+else
+  llvm_irgen_command = clang
+endif
+
+
+# XXX: Need to determine proper version of the function cflags for clang
+bitcode_cflags = ['-fno-strict-aliasing', '-fwrapv']
+bitcode_cflags += cppflags
+
+# XXX: Worth improving on the logic to find directories here
+bitcode_cflags += '-I@BUILD_ROOT@/src/include'
+bitcode_cflags += '-I@BUILD_ROOT@/src/backend/utils/misc'
+bitcode_cflags += '-I@SOURCE_ROOT@/src/include'
+
+
+# Note this is intentionally not installed to bitcodedir, as it's not for
+# inlining
+llvmjit_types = custom_target('llvmjit_types.bc',
+  command: [llvm_irgen_command] + llvm_irgen_args + bitcode_cflags,
+  input: 'llvmjit_types.c',
+  output: 'llvmjit_types.bc',
+  depends: [postgres],
+  install: true,
+  install_dir: dir_lib_pkg,
+  depfile: '@BASENAME@.c.bc.d',
+)
+backend_targets += llvmjit_types
diff --git a/src/backend/jit/meson.build b/src/backend/jit/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..63cd33a4bed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/jit/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+backend_sources += files(
+  'jit.c'
+)
diff --git a/src/backend/lib/meson.build b/src/backend/lib/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..48da1bddce7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/lib/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+backend_sources += files(
+  'binaryheap.c',
+  'bipartite_match.c',
+  'bloomfilter.c',
+  'dshash.c',
+  'hyperloglog.c',
+  'ilist.c',
+  'integerset.c',
+  'knapsack.c',
+  'pairingheap.c',
+  'rbtree.c',
+)
diff --git a/src/backend/libpq/meson.build b/src/backend/libpq/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6061269ef13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/libpq/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+backend_sources += files(
+  'auth-sasl.c',
+  'auth-scram.c',
+  'auth.c',
+  'be-fsstubs.c',
+  'be-secure-common.c',
+  'be-secure.c',
+  'crypt.c',
+  'hba.c',
+  'ifaddr.c',
+  'pqcomm.c',
+  'pqformat.c',
+  'pqmq.c',
+  'pqsignal.c',
+)
+
+if ssl.found()
+  backend_sources += files('be-secure-openssl.c')
+endif
+
+if gssapi.found()
+  backend_sources += files(
+    'be-secure-gssapi.c',
+    'be-gssapi-common.c'
+  )
+endif
+
+install_data(
+  'pg_hba.conf.sample',
+  'pg_ident.conf.sample',
+  install_dir: dir_data,
+)
diff --git a/src/backend/main/meson.build b/src/backend/main/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..241e125f089
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/main/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+main_file = files('main.c')
+backend_sources += main_file
diff --git a/src/backend/meson.build b/src/backend/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fefa40ddb64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+backend_build_deps = [backend_code]
+backend_sources = []
+backend_link_with = [pgport_srv, common_srv]
+
+generated_backend_sources = []
+
+subdir('access')
+subdir('backup')
+subdir('bootstrap')
+subdir('catalog')
+subdir('commands')
+subdir('executor')
+subdir('foreign')
+subdir('jit')
+subdir('lib')
+subdir('libpq')
+subdir('main')
+subdir('nodes')
+subdir('optimizer')
+subdir('parser')
+subdir('partitioning')
+subdir('port')
+subdir('postmaster')
+subdir('regex')
+subdir('replication')
+subdir('rewrite')
+subdir('statistics')
+subdir('storage')
+subdir('tcop')
+subdir('tsearch')
+subdir('utils')
+
+subdir('po', if_found: libintl)
+
+
+backend_link_args = []
+backend_link_depends = []
+
+
+# On windows when compiling with msvc we need to make postgres export all its
+# symbols so that extension libraries can use them. For that we need to scan
+# the constituting objects and generate a file specifying all the functions as
+# exported (variables need an "import" declaration in the header, hence
+# PGDLLEXPORT, but functions work without that, due to import libraries
+# basically being trampolines).
+#
+# For dtrace probes we need to invoke dtrace on all input files, before
+# linking the final executable (see more below).
+#
+#
+# On meson there's currently no easy way to do this that I found. So we build
+# a static library with all the input objects, run our script to generate
+# exports, and build the final executable using that static library
+#
+# We could do that only if either dtrace or msvc is in use, but it seems
+# easier to just always do so.
+#
+# Can't name the static library 'postgres', because msbuild ends up with a
+# conflict for the .pdb file otherwise.
+
+postgres_lib = static_library('postgres_lib',
+  backend_sources + timezone_sources + generated_backend_sources,
+  link_whole: backend_link_with,
+  dependencies: backend_build_deps,
+  kwargs: internal_lib_args,
+)
+
+if cc.get_id() == 'msvc'
+  postgres_def = custom_target('postgres.def',
+    command: [perl, files('../tools/msvc/gendef.pl'),
+              '--arch', host_cpu,
+              '--tempdir', '@PRIVATE_DIR@',
+              '--deffile', '@OUTPUT@',
+              '@INPUT@'],
+    input: [postgres_lib, common_srv, pgport_srv],
+    output: 'postgres.def',
+    depends: [postgres_lib, common_srv, pgport_srv],
+    install: false,
+    build_by_default: false,
+  )
+
+  backend_link_args += '/DEF:@0@'.format(postgres_def.full_path())
+  backend_link_depends += postgres_def
+
+elif host_system == 'aix'
+  # The '.' argument leads mkldexport.sh to emit "#! .", which refers to the
+  # main executable, allowing extension libraries to resolve their undefined
+  # symbols to symbols in the postgres binary.
+  postgres_imp = custom_target('postgres.imp',
+    command: [files('port/aix/mkldexport.sh'), '@INPUT@', '.'],
+    input: postgres_lib,
+    output: 'postgres.imp',
+    capture: true,
+    install: true,
+    install_dir: dir_lib,
+    build_by_default: false,
+  )
+  backend_link_args += '-Wl,-bE:@0@'.format(postgres_imp.full_path())
+  backend_link_depends += postgres_imp
+endif
+
+backend_input = []
+backend_objs = [postgres_lib.extract_all_objects(recursive: false)]
+
+# As of 1/2010:
+# The probes.o file is necessary for dtrace support on Solaris, and on recent
+# versions of systemtap.  (Older systemtap releases just produce an empty
+# file, but that's okay.)  However, macOS's dtrace doesn't use it and doesn't
+# even recognize the -G option.  So, build probes.o except on macOS.
+# This might need adjustment as other platforms add dtrace support.
+#
+# On at least linux we don't actually need to pass in all the objects, but
+# at least on FreeBSD and Solaris we have to.
+#
+# XXX: The reason we don't use the objects for generated sources is that
+# hits a meson bug. Luckily we don't don't have probes in generated
+# sources...
+if dtrace.found() and host_system != 'darwin'
+  backend_input += custom_target(
+    'probes.o',
+    input: ['utils/probes.d', postgres_lib.extract_objects(backend_sources, timezone_sources)],
+    output: 'probes.o',
+    command: [dtrace, '-C', '-G', '-o', '@OUTPUT@', '-s', '@INPUT@'],
+    install: false,
+  )
+endif
+
+postgres = executable('postgres',
+  backend_input,
+  objects: backend_objs,
+  link_args: backend_link_args,
+  link_with: backend_link_with,
+  link_depends: backend_link_depends,
+  export_dynamic: true,
+  implib: true,
+  dependencies: backend_build_deps,
+  kwargs: default_bin_args,
+)
+
+backend_targets += postgres
+
+pg_mod_c_args = cflags_mod
+pg_mod_cpp_args = cxxflags_mod
+pg_mod_link_args = ldflags_sl + ldflags_mod
+pg_mod_link_depend = []
+
+# A few platforms like MacOS and Windows link shared modules against postgres,
+# or a [import] library derived from it. Set up the link flags for that.
+if mod_link_args_fmt.length() > 0
+  # To avoid unnecessary build-time dependencies on other operating systems,
+  # only the dependency when it when necessary.
+  pg_mod_link_depend += postgres
+
+  name = mod_link_with_name.format('postgres')
+  link_with_uninst = meson.current_build_dir() / name
+  link_with_inst = '${@0@}/@1@'.format(mod_link_with_dir, name)
+
+  foreach el : mod_link_args_fmt
+    pg_mod_link_args += el.format(link_with_uninst)
+  endforeach
+endif
+
+
+# Note there's intentionally no dependency on pgport/common here - we want the
+# symbols from the main binary for extension modules, rather than the
+# extension linking separately to pgport/common.
+backend_mod_code = declare_dependency(
+  compile_args: pg_mod_c_args,
+  include_directories: postgres_inc,
+  link_args: pg_mod_link_args,
+  sources: generated_headers + generated_backend_headers,
+  dependencies: backend_mod_deps,
+)
+
+pg_mod_args = default_mod_args + {
+  'dependencies': [backend_mod_code],
+  'cpp_args': pg_mod_cpp_args,
+  'link_depends': pg_mod_link_depend,
+}
+
+
+
+# Shared modules that, on some system, link against the server binary. Only
+# enter these after we defined the server build.
+
+subdir('jit/llvm')
+subdir('replication/libpqwalreceiver')
+subdir('replication/pgoutput')
+subdir('snowball')
+subdir('utils/mb/conversion_procs')
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/meson.build b/src/backend/nodes/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8e0d4039f24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+backend_sources += files(
+  'bitmapset.c',
+  'extensible.c',
+  'list.c',
+  'makefuncs.c',
+  'nodeFuncs.c',
+  'nodes.c',
+  'params.c',
+  'print.c',
+  'read.c',
+  'tidbitmap.c',
+  'value.c',
+)
+
+# these include .c files generated in ../../include/nodes, seems nicer to not
+# add that as an include path for the whole backend
+nodefunc_sources = files(
+  'copyfuncs.c',
+  'equalfuncs.c',
+  'outfuncs.c',
+  'readfuncs.c',
+)
+nodefuncs = static_library('nodefuncs',
+  nodefunc_sources,
+  dependencies: [backend_code],
+  include_directories: include_directories('../../include/nodes'),
+  kwargs: internal_lib_args,
+)
+backend_link_with += nodefuncs
diff --git a/src/backend/optimizer/geqo/meson.build b/src/backend/optimizer/geqo/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c04f1dc2dfd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/optimizer/geqo/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+backend_sources += files(
+  'geqo_copy.c',
+  'geqo_cx.c',
+  'geqo_erx.c',
+  'geqo_eval.c',
+  'geqo_main.c',
+  'geqo_misc.c',
+  'geqo_mutation.c',
+  'geqo_ox1.c',
+  'geqo_ox2.c',
+  'geqo_pmx.c',
+  'geqo_pool.c',
+  'geqo_px.c',
+  'geqo_random.c',
+  'geqo_recombination.c',
+  'geqo_selection.c',
+)
diff --git a/src/backend/optimizer/meson.build b/src/backend/optimizer/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1ab1d9934ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/optimizer/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+subdir('geqo')
+subdir('path')
+subdir('plan')
+subdir('prep')
+subdir('util')
diff --git a/src/backend/optimizer/path/meson.build b/src/backend/optimizer/path/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..310042e7aee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/optimizer/path/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+backend_sources += files(
+  'allpaths.c',
+  'clausesel.c',
+  'costsize.c',
+  'equivclass.c',
+  'indxpath.c',
+  'joinpath.c',
+  'joinrels.c',
+  'pathkeys.c',
+  'tidpath.c',
+)
diff --git a/src/backend/optimizer/plan/meson.build b/src/backend/optimizer/plan/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..22ec65a3845
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/optimizer/plan/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+backend_sources += files(
+  'analyzejoins.c',
+  'createplan.c',
+  'initsplan.c',
+  'planagg.c',
+  'planmain.c',
+  'planner.c',
+  'setrefs.c',
+  'subselect.c',
+)
diff --git a/src/backend/optimizer/prep/meson.build b/src/backend/optimizer/prep/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4549a5b0e79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/optimizer/prep/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+backend_sources += files(
+  'prepagg.c',
+  'prepjointree.c',
+  'prepqual.c',
+  'preptlist.c',
+  'prepunion.c',
+)
diff --git a/src/backend/optimizer/util/meson.build b/src/backend/optimizer/util/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e7ceaf566b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/optimizer/util/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+backend_sources += files(
+  'appendinfo.c',
+  'clauses.c',
+  'inherit.c',
+  'joininfo.c',
+  'orclauses.c',
+  'paramassign.c',
+  'pathnode.c',
+  'placeholder.c',
+  'plancat.c',
+  'predtest.c',
+  'relnode.c',
+  'restrictinfo.c',
+  'tlist.c',
+  'var.c',
+)
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/meson.build b/src/backend/parser/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..15d5a349eeb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/parser/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+backend_sources += files(
+  'analyze.c',
+  'parse_agg.c',
+  'parse_clause.c',
+  'parse_coerce.c',
+  'parse_collate.c',
+  'parse_cte.c',
+  'parse_enr.c',
+  'parse_expr.c',
+  'parse_func.c',
+  'parse_merge.c',
+  'parse_node.c',
+  'parse_oper.c',
+  'parse_param.c',
+  'parse_relation.c',
+  'parse_target.c',
+  'parse_type.c',
+  'parse_utilcmd.c',
+  'scansup.c',
+)
+
+# Build a small utility static lib for the parser. The generation of the
+# parser is slow, and building this separately avoids other parts of the
+# backend having to wait till gram.h is generated.
+parser_sources = files('parser.c')
+
+backend_scanner = custom_target('scan',
+  input: 'scan.l',
+  output: 'scan.c',
+  command: [flex_cmd, '--no-backup', '--fix-warnings', '--', '-CF', '-p', '-p'],
+)
+generated_sources += backend_scanner
+parser_sources += backend_scanner
+
+backend_parser = custom_target('gram',
+  input: 'gram.y',
+  kwargs: bison_kw,
+)
+generated_sources += backend_parser.to_list()
+parser_sources += backend_parser
+
+parser = static_library('parser',
+  parser_sources,
+  dependencies: [backend_code],
+  include_directories: include_directories('.'),
+  kwargs: internal_lib_args,
+)
+backend_link_with += parser
diff --git a/src/backend/partitioning/meson.build b/src/backend/partitioning/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e5e3806a0cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/partitioning/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+backend_sources += files(
+  'partbounds.c',
+  'partdesc.c',
+  'partprune.c',
+)
diff --git a/src/backend/po/meson.build b/src/backend/po/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4ace0554680
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/po/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+i18n.gettext('postgres-' + pg_version_major.to_string())
diff --git a/src/backend/port/meson.build b/src/backend/port/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a22c25dd952
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/port/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+backend_sources += files(
+  'atomics.c',
+)
+
+
+if cdata.has('USE_UNNAMED_POSIX_SEMAPHORES') or cdata.has('USE_NAMED_POSIX_SEMAPHORES')
+  backend_sources += files('posix_sema.c')
+endif
+
+if cdata.has('USE_SYSV_SEMAPHORES')
+  backend_sources += files('sysv_sema.c')
+endif
+
+if cdata.has('USE_WIN32_SEMAPHORES')
+  backend_sources += files('win32_sema.c')
+endif
+
+if cdata.has('USE_SYSV_SHARED_MEMORY')
+  backend_sources += files('sysv_shmem.c')
+endif
+
+if cdata.has('USE_WIN32_SHARED_MEMORY')
+  backend_sources += files('win32_shmem.c')
+endif
+
+if host_system == 'windows'
+  subdir('win32')
+endif
+
+# autoconf generates the file there, ensure we get a conflict
+generated_sources_ac += {'src/backend/port': ['pg_sema.c', 'pg_shmem.c', 'tas.s']}
diff --git a/src/backend/port/win32/meson.build b/src/backend/port/win32/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..68fe4cc3cd0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/port/win32/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+backend_sources += files(
+  'crashdump.c',
+  'signal.c',
+  'socket.c',
+  'timer.c',
+)
diff --git a/src/backend/postmaster/meson.build b/src/backend/postmaster/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..293a44ca295
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/postmaster/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+backend_sources += files(
+  'autovacuum.c',
+  'auxprocess.c',
+  'bgworker.c',
+  'bgwriter.c',
+  'checkpointer.c',
+  'fork_process.c',
+  'interrupt.c',
+  'pgarch.c',
+  'postmaster.c',
+  'shell_archive.c',
+  'startup.c',
+  'syslogger.c',
+  'walwriter.c',
+)
diff --git a/src/backend/regex/meson.build b/src/backend/regex/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c84e57fdba5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/regex/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+backend_sources += files(
+  'regcomp.c',
+  'regerror.c',
+  'regexec.c',
+  'regexport.c',
+  'regfree.c',
+  'regprefix.c',
+)
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/libpqwalreceiver/meson.build b/src/backend/replication/libpqwalreceiver/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3fc786c80a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/replication/libpqwalreceiver/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+libpqwalreceiver_sources = files(
+  'libpqwalreceiver.c',
+)
+
+libpqwalreceiver = shared_module('pqwalreceiver',
+  libpqwalreceiver_sources,
+  kwargs: pg_mod_args + {
+    'name_prefix': 'lib',
+    'dependencies': pg_mod_args['dependencies'] + [libpq],
+  }
+)
+
+backend_targets += libpqwalreceiver
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/meson.build b/src/backend/replication/logical/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..773583a12ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+backend_sources += files(
+  'decode.c',
+  'launcher.c',
+  'logical.c',
+  'logicalfuncs.c',
+  'message.c',
+  'origin.c',
+  'proto.c',
+  'relation.c',
+  'reorderbuffer.c',
+  'snapbuild.c',
+  'tablesync.c',
+  'worker.c',
+)
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/meson.build b/src/backend/replication/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..27b9bf13182
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/replication/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+backend_sources += files(
+  'slot.c',
+  'slotfuncs.c',
+  'syncrep.c',
+  'walreceiver.c',
+  'walreceiverfuncs.c',
+  'walsender.c',
+)
+
+# see ../parser/meson.build
+repl_parser_sources = []
+
+repl_scanner = custom_target('repl_scanner',
+  input: 'repl_scanner.l',
+  output: 'repl_scanner.c',
+  command: flex_cmd,
+)
+generated_sources += repl_scanner
+repl_parser_sources += repl_scanner
+
+repl_gram = custom_target('repl_gram',
+  input: 'repl_gram.y',
+  kwargs: bison_kw,
+)
+generated_sources += repl_gram.to_list()
+repl_parser_sources += repl_gram
+
+syncrep_scanner = custom_target('syncrep_scanner',
+  input: 'syncrep_scanner.l',
+  output: 'syncrep_scanner.c',
+  command: flex_cmd,
+)
+generated_sources += syncrep_scanner
+repl_parser_sources += syncrep_scanner
+
+syncrep_gram = custom_target('syncrep_gram',
+  input: 'syncrep_gram.y',
+  kwargs: bison_kw,
+)
+generated_sources += syncrep_gram.to_list()
+repl_parser_sources += syncrep_gram
+
+repl_parser = static_library('repl_parser',
+  repl_parser_sources,
+  dependencies: [backend_code],
+  include_directories: include_directories('.'),
+  kwargs: internal_lib_args,
+)
+backend_link_with += repl_parser
+
+subdir('logical')
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/pgoutput/meson.build b/src/backend/replication/pgoutput/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ab956361a62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/replication/pgoutput/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+pgoutput_sources = files(
+  'pgoutput.c',
+)
+
+pgoutput = shared_module('pgoutput',
+  pgoutput_sources,
+  kwargs: pg_mod_args,
+)
+
+backend_targets += pgoutput
diff --git a/src/backend/rewrite/meson.build b/src/backend/rewrite/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..21fa0e230b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/rewrite/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+backend_sources += files(
+  'rewriteDefine.c',
+  'rewriteHandler.c',
+  'rewriteManip.c',
+  'rewriteRemove.c',
+  'rewriteSearchCycle.c',
+  'rewriteSupport.c',
+  'rowsecurity.c',
+)
diff --git a/src/backend/snowball/meson.build b/src/backend/snowball/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8c6f685cb32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/snowball/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+dict_snowball_sources = files(
+  'libstemmer/api.c',
+  'libstemmer/utilities.c',
+  'dict_snowball.c',
+)
+
+dict_snowball_sources += files(
+  'libstemmer/stem_ISO_8859_1_basque.c',
+  'libstemmer/stem_ISO_8859_1_catalan.c',
+  'libstemmer/stem_ISO_8859_1_danish.c',
+  'libstemmer/stem_ISO_8859_1_dutch.c',
+  'libstemmer/stem_ISO_8859_1_english.c',
+  'libstemmer/stem_ISO_8859_1_finnish.c',
+  'libstemmer/stem_ISO_8859_1_french.c',
+  'libstemmer/stem_ISO_8859_1_german.c',
+  'libstemmer/stem_ISO_8859_1_indonesian.c',
+  'libstemmer/stem_ISO_8859_1_irish.c',
+  'libstemmer/stem_ISO_8859_1_italian.c',
+  'libstemmer/stem_ISO_8859_1_norwegian.c',
+  'libstemmer/stem_ISO_8859_1_porter.c',
+  'libstemmer/stem_ISO_8859_1_portuguese.c',
+  'libstemmer/stem_ISO_8859_1_spanish.c',
+  'libstemmer/stem_ISO_8859_1_swedish.c',
+  'libstemmer/stem_ISO_8859_2_hungarian.c',
+  'libstemmer/stem_ISO_8859_2_romanian.c',
+  'libstemmer/stem_KOI8_R_russian.c',
+  'libstemmer/stem_UTF_8_arabic.c',
+  'libstemmer/stem_UTF_8_armenian.c',
+  'libstemmer/stem_UTF_8_basque.c',
+  'libstemmer/stem_UTF_8_catalan.c',
+  'libstemmer/stem_UTF_8_danish.c',
+  'libstemmer/stem_UTF_8_dutch.c',
+  'libstemmer/stem_UTF_8_english.c',
+  'libstemmer/stem_UTF_8_finnish.c',
+  'libstemmer/stem_UTF_8_french.c',
+  'libstemmer/stem_UTF_8_german.c',
+  'libstemmer/stem_UTF_8_greek.c',
+  'libstemmer/stem_UTF_8_hindi.c',
+  'libstemmer/stem_UTF_8_hungarian.c',
+  'libstemmer/stem_UTF_8_indonesian.c',
+  'libstemmer/stem_UTF_8_irish.c',
+  'libstemmer/stem_UTF_8_italian.c',
+  'libstemmer/stem_UTF_8_lithuanian.c',
+  'libstemmer/stem_UTF_8_nepali.c',
+  'libstemmer/stem_UTF_8_norwegian.c',
+  'libstemmer/stem_UTF_8_porter.c',
+  'libstemmer/stem_UTF_8_portuguese.c',
+  'libstemmer/stem_UTF_8_romanian.c',
+  'libstemmer/stem_UTF_8_russian.c',
+  'libstemmer/stem_UTF_8_serbian.c',
+  'libstemmer/stem_UTF_8_spanish.c',
+  'libstemmer/stem_UTF_8_swedish.c',
+  'libstemmer/stem_UTF_8_tamil.c',
+  'libstemmer/stem_UTF_8_turkish.c',
+  'libstemmer/stem_UTF_8_yiddish.c',
+)
+
+# see comment in src/include/snowball/header.h
+stemmer_inc = include_directories('../../include/snowball')
+
+dict_snowball = shared_module('dict_snowball',
+  dict_snowball_sources,
+  kwargs: pg_mod_args + {
+    'include_directories': [stemmer_inc],
+  }
+)
+
+snowball_create = custom_target('snowball_create',
+  output: ['snowball_create.sql'],
+  depfile: 'snowball_create.dep',
+  command: [
+    perl, files('snowball_create.pl'),
+    '--depfile',
+    '--input', '@CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR@',
+    '--outdir', '@OUTDIR@',
+  ],
+  install: true,
+  install_dir: dir_data,
+)
+generated_sources += snowball_create
+
+install_subdir('stopwords',
+  install_dir: dir_data / 'tsearch_data',
+  strip_directory: true,
+)
+
+backend_targets += dict_snowball
+backend_targets += snowball_create
diff --git a/src/backend/statistics/meson.build b/src/backend/statistics/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8530c55f73c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/statistics/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+backend_sources += files(
+  'dependencies.c',
+  'extended_stats.c',
+  'mcv.c',
+  'mvdistinct.c',
+)
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/buffer/meson.build b/src/backend/storage/buffer/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..56a59b52484
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/storage/buffer/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+backend_sources += files(
+  'buf_init.c',
+  'buf_table.c',
+  'bufmgr.c',
+  'freelist.c',
+  'localbuf.c',
+)
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/file/meson.build b/src/backend/storage/file/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e1d5047d4aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/storage/file/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+backend_sources += files(
+  'buffile.c',
+  'copydir.c',
+  'fd.c',
+  'fileset.c',
+  'reinit.c',
+  'sharedfileset.c',
+)
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/freespace/meson.build b/src/backend/storage/freespace/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e4200ea6527
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/storage/freespace/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+backend_sources += files(
+  'freespace.c',
+  'fsmpage.c',
+  'indexfsm.c',
+)
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/meson.build b/src/backend/storage/ipc/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..516bc1d0193
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+backend_sources += files(
+  'barrier.c',
+  'dsm.c',
+  'dsm_impl.c',
+  'ipc.c',
+  'ipci.c',
+  'latch.c',
+  'pmsignal.c',
+  'procarray.c',
+  'procsignal.c',
+  'shm_mq.c',
+  'shm_toc.c',
+  'shmem.c',
+  'shmqueue.c',
+  'signalfuncs.c',
+  'sinval.c',
+  'sinvaladt.c',
+  'standby.c',
+
+)
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/large_object/meson.build b/src/backend/storage/large_object/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8a181ab9b34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/storage/large_object/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+backend_sources += files(
+  'inv_api.c',
+)
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/meson.build b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..68237c8a2e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+backend_sources += files(
+  'condition_variable.c',
+  'deadlock.c',
+  'lmgr.c',
+  'lock.c',
+  'lwlock.c',
+  'predicate.c',
+  'proc.c',
+  's_lock.c',
+  'spin.c',
+)
+
+generated_backend_sources += lwlocknames[1]
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/meson.build b/src/backend/storage/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..daad628d74c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/storage/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+subdir('buffer')
+subdir('file')
+subdir('freespace')
+subdir('ipc')
+subdir('large_object')
+subdir('lmgr')
+subdir('page')
+subdir('smgr')
+subdir('sync')
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/page/meson.build b/src/backend/storage/page/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2ecd16c952c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/storage/page/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+backend_sources += files(
+  'bufpage.c',
+  'checksum.c',
+  'itemptr.c',
+)
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/smgr/meson.build b/src/backend/storage/smgr/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fdeb1223b32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/storage/smgr/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+backend_sources += files(
+  'md.c',
+  'smgr.c',
+)
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/sync/meson.build b/src/backend/storage/sync/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..05148b91a8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/storage/sync/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+backend_sources += files(
+  'sync.c',
+
+)
diff --git a/src/backend/tcop/meson.build b/src/backend/tcop/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fb54aae8122
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/tcop/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+backend_sources += files(
+  'cmdtag.c',
+  'dest.c',
+  'fastpath.c',
+  'postgres.c',
+  'pquery.c',
+  'utility.c',
+)
diff --git a/src/backend/tsearch/meson.build b/src/backend/tsearch/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4144e9befc5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/tsearch/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+backend_sources += files(
+  'dict.c',
+  'dict_ispell.c',
+  'dict_simple.c',
+  'dict_synonym.c',
+  'dict_thesaurus.c',
+  'regis.c',
+  'spell.c',
+  'to_tsany.c',
+  'ts_locale.c',
+  'ts_parse.c',
+  'ts_selfuncs.c',
+  'ts_typanalyze.c',
+  'ts_utils.c',
+  'wparser.c',
+  'wparser_def.c',
+)
+
+install_subdir('dicts',
+  install_dir: dir_data / 'tsearch_data',
+  strip_directory: true)
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/activity/meson.build b/src/backend/utils/activity/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5b3b558a67d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/utils/activity/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+backend_sources += files(
+  'backend_progress.c',
+  'backend_status.c',
+  'pgstat.c',
+  'pgstat_archiver.c',
+  'pgstat_bgwriter.c',
+  'pgstat_checkpointer.c',
+  'pgstat_database.c',
+  'pgstat_function.c',
+  'pgstat_relation.c',
+  'pgstat_replslot.c',
+  'pgstat_shmem.c',
+  'pgstat_slru.c',
+  'pgstat_subscription.c',
+  'pgstat_wal.c',
+  'pgstat_xact.c',
+  'wait_event.c',
+)
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/meson.build b/src/backend/utils/adt/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ed9ceadfef0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+backend_sources += files(
+  'acl.c',
+  'amutils.c',
+  'array_expanded.c',
+  'array_selfuncs.c',
+  'array_typanalyze.c',
+  'array_userfuncs.c',
+  'arrayfuncs.c',
+  'arraysubs.c',
+  'arrayutils.c',
+  'ascii.c',
+  'bool.c',
+  'cash.c',
+  'char.c',
+  'cryptohashfuncs.c',
+  'date.c',
+  'datetime.c',
+  'datum.c',
+  'dbsize.c',
+  'domains.c',
+  'encode.c',
+  'enum.c',
+  'expandeddatum.c',
+  'expandedrecord.c',
+  'float.c',
+  'format_type.c',
+  'formatting.c',
+  'genfile.c',
+  'geo_ops.c',
+  'geo_selfuncs.c',
+  'geo_spgist.c',
+  'hbafuncs.c',
+  'inet_cidr_ntop.c',
+  'inet_net_pton.c',
+  'int.c',
+  'int8.c',
+  'json.c',
+  'jsonb.c',
+  'jsonb_gin.c',
+  'jsonb_op.c',
+  'jsonb_util.c',
+  'jsonbsubs.c',
+  'jsonfuncs.c',
+  'jsonpath.c',
+  'jsonpath_exec.c',
+  'like.c',
+  'like_support.c',
+  'lockfuncs.c',
+  'mac.c',
+  'mac8.c',
+  'mcxtfuncs.c',
+  'misc.c',
+  'multirangetypes.c',
+  'multirangetypes_selfuncs.c',
+  'name.c',
+  'network.c',
+  'network_gist.c',
+  'network_selfuncs.c',
+  'network_spgist.c',
+  'numeric.c',
+  'numutils.c',
+  'oid.c',
+  'oracle_compat.c',
+  'orderedsetaggs.c',
+  'partitionfuncs.c',
+  'pg_locale.c',
+  'pg_lsn.c',
+  'pg_upgrade_support.c',
+  'pgstatfuncs.c',
+  'pseudotypes.c',
+  'quote.c',
+  'rangetypes.c',
+  'rangetypes_gist.c',
+  'rangetypes_selfuncs.c',
+  'rangetypes_spgist.c',
+  'rangetypes_typanalyze.c',
+  'regexp.c',
+  'regproc.c',
+  'ri_triggers.c',
+  'rowtypes.c',
+  'ruleutils.c',
+  'selfuncs.c',
+  'tid.c',
+  'timestamp.c',
+  'trigfuncs.c',
+  'tsginidx.c',
+  'tsgistidx.c',
+  'tsquery.c',
+  'tsquery_cleanup.c',
+  'tsquery_gist.c',
+  'tsquery_op.c',
+  'tsquery_rewrite.c',
+  'tsquery_util.c',
+  'tsrank.c',
+  'tsvector.c',
+  'tsvector_op.c',
+  'tsvector_parser.c',
+  'uuid.c',
+  'varbit.c',
+  'varchar.c',
+  'varlena.c',
+  'version.c',
+  'windowfuncs.c',
+  'xid.c',
+  'xid8funcs.c',
+  'xml.c',
+)
+
+
+jsonpath_scan = custom_target('jsonpath_scan',
+  input: 'jsonpath_scan.l',
+  output: 'jsonpath_scan.c',
+  command: [flex_cmd, '--no-backup', '--', '-CF', '-p', '-p'],
+)
+generated_sources += jsonpath_scan
+
+jsonpath_gram = custom_target('jsonpath_parse',
+  input: 'jsonpath_gram.y',
+  kwargs: bison_kw,
+)
+generated_sources += jsonpath_gram.to_list()
+
+# so we don't need to add . as an include dir for the whole backend
+backend_link_with += static_library('jsonpath',
+  jsonpath_scan, jsonpath_gram,
+  dependencies: [backend_code],
+  include_directories: include_directories('.'),
+  kwargs: internal_lib_args,
+)
+
+#generated_backend_sources += jsonpath_gram.to_list()
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/meson.build b/src/backend/utils/cache/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4fe6db6bda6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+backend_sources += files(
+  'attoptcache.c',
+  'catcache.c',
+  'evtcache.c',
+  'inval.c',
+  'lsyscache.c',
+  'partcache.c',
+  'plancache.c',
+  'relcache.c',
+  'relfilenumbermap.c',
+  'relmapper.c',
+  'spccache.c',
+  'syscache.c',
+  'ts_cache.c',
+  'typcache.c',
+)
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/error/meson.build b/src/backend/utils/error/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..325446c8f93
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/utils/error/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+backend_sources += files(
+  'assert.c',
+  'csvlog.c',
+  'elog.c',
+  'jsonlog.c',
+)
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/fmgr/meson.build b/src/backend/utils/fmgr/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e545b424fd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/utils/fmgr/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+backend_sources += files(
+  'dfmgr.c',
+  'fmgr.c',
+  'funcapi.c',
+)
+
+# fmgrtab.c
+generated_backend_sources += fmgrtab_target[2]
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/hash/meson.build b/src/backend/utils/hash/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..242e2f0ecdf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/utils/hash/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+backend_sources += files(
+  'dynahash.c',
+  'pg_crc.c'
+)
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/init/meson.build b/src/backend/utils/init/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ec9d72c3df1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/utils/init/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+backend_sources += files(
+  'globals.c',
+  'miscinit.c',
+  'postinit.c')
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/mb/conversion_procs/meson.build b/src/backend/utils/mb/conversion_procs/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1bc971d1945
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/utils/mb/conversion_procs/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+encodings = {
+  'cyrillic_and_mic': ['cyrillic_and_mic/cyrillic_and_mic.c'],
+  'euc2004_sjis2004': ['euc2004_sjis2004/euc2004_sjis2004.c'],
+  'euc_cn_and_mic': ['euc_cn_and_mic/euc_cn_and_mic.c'],
+  'euc_jp_and_sjis': ['euc_jp_and_sjis/euc_jp_and_sjis.c'],
+  'euc_kr_and_mic': ['euc_kr_and_mic/euc_kr_and_mic.c'],
+  'euc_tw_and_big5': [
+    'euc_tw_and_big5/euc_tw_and_big5.c',
+    'euc_tw_and_big5/big5.c',
+  ],
+  'latin2_and_win1250': ['latin2_and_win1250/latin2_and_win1250.c'],
+  'latin_and_mic': ['latin_and_mic/latin_and_mic.c'],
+  'utf8_and_big5': ['utf8_and_big5/utf8_and_big5.c'],
+  'utf8_and_cyrillic': ['utf8_and_cyrillic/utf8_and_cyrillic.c'],
+  'utf8_and_euc2004': ['utf8_and_euc2004/utf8_and_euc2004.c'],
+  'utf8_and_euc_cn': ['utf8_and_euc_cn/utf8_and_euc_cn.c'],
+  'utf8_and_euc_jp': ['utf8_and_euc_jp/utf8_and_euc_jp.c'],
+  'utf8_and_euc_kr': ['utf8_and_euc_kr/utf8_and_euc_kr.c'],
+  'utf8_and_euc_tw': ['utf8_and_euc_tw/utf8_and_euc_tw.c'],
+  'utf8_and_gb18030': ['utf8_and_gb18030/utf8_and_gb18030.c'],
+  'utf8_and_gbk': ['utf8_and_gbk/utf8_and_gbk.c'],
+  'utf8_and_iso8859': ['utf8_and_iso8859/utf8_and_iso8859.c'],
+  'utf8_and_iso8859_1': ['utf8_and_iso8859_1/utf8_and_iso8859_1.c'],
+  'utf8_and_johab': ['utf8_and_johab/utf8_and_johab.c'],
+  'utf8_and_sjis': ['utf8_and_sjis/utf8_and_sjis.c'],
+  'utf8_and_sjis2004': ['utf8_and_sjis2004/utf8_and_sjis2004.c'],
+  'utf8_and_uhc': ['utf8_and_uhc/utf8_and_uhc.c'],
+  'utf8_and_win': ['utf8_and_win/utf8_and_win.c'],
+}
+
+foreach encoding, sources : encodings
+  backend_targets += shared_module(encoding,
+    sources,
+    kwargs: pg_mod_args,
+  )
+endforeach
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/mb/meson.build b/src/backend/utils/mb/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..39e45638db0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/utils/mb/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+backend_sources += files(
+  'conv.c',
+  'mbutils.c',
+  'stringinfo_mb.c',
+  'wstrcmp.c',
+  'wstrncmp.c',
+)
+
+# Note we only enter conversion_procs once the backend build is defined
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/meson.build b/src/backend/utils/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3a916320bb3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/utils/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+install_data('errcodes.txt',
+  install_dir: dir_data,
+)
+
+subdir('activity')
+subdir('adt')
+subdir('cache')
+subdir('error')
+subdir('fmgr')
+subdir('hash')
+subdir('init')
+subdir('mb')
+subdir('misc')
+subdir('mmgr')
+subdir('resowner')
+subdir('sort')
+subdir('time')
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/misc/meson.build b/src/backend/utils/misc/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..db4de225e18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/utils/misc/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+backend_sources += files(
+  'guc.c',
+  'guc_funcs.c',
+  'guc_tables.c',
+  'help_config.c',
+  'pg_config.c',
+  'pg_controldata.c',
+  'pg_rusage.c',
+  'ps_status.c',
+  'queryenvironment.c',
+  'queryjumble.c',
+  'rls.c',
+  'sampling.c',
+  'superuser.c',
+  'timeout.c',
+  'tzparser.c',
+)
+
+guc_scan = custom_target('guc_scan',
+  input: 'guc-file.l',
+  output: 'guc-file.c',
+  command: flex_cmd)
+generated_sources += guc_scan
+
+# so we don't need to add . as an include dir for the whole backend
+backend_link_with += static_library('guc-file',
+  guc_scan,
+  dependencies: [backend_code],
+  include_directories: include_directories('.'),
+  kwargs: internal_lib_args,
+)
+
+install_data('postgresql.conf.sample',
+  install_dir: dir_data,
+)
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/mmgr/meson.build b/src/backend/utils/mmgr/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..641bb181ba1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/utils/mmgr/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+backend_sources += files(
+  'aset.c',
+  'dsa.c',
+  'freepage.c',
+  'generation.c',
+  'mcxt.c',
+  'memdebug.c',
+  'portalmem.c',
+  'slab.c',
+)
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/resowner/meson.build b/src/backend/utils/resowner/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d30891ca027
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/utils/resowner/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+backend_sources += files(
+  'resowner.c'
+)
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/sort/meson.build b/src/backend/utils/sort/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1862ceae8c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/utils/sort/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+backend_sources += files(
+  'logtape.c',
+  'qsort_interruptible.c',
+  'sharedtuplestore.c',
+  'sortsupport.c',
+  'tuplesort.c',
+  'tuplesortvariants.c',
+  'tuplestore.c',
+)
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/time/meson.build b/src/backend/utils/time/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6fff8792bb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/utils/time/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+backend_sources += files(
+  'combocid.c',
+  'snapmgr.c',
+)
diff --git a/src/bin/initdb/meson.build b/src/bin/initdb/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9f213274d2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/bin/initdb/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+initdb_sources = files(
+  'findtimezone.c',
+  'initdb.c'
+)
+
+initdb_sources += timezone_localtime_source
+
+#fixme: reimplement libpq_pgport logic
+
+initdb = executable('initdb',
+  initdb_sources,
+  include_directories: [timezone_inc],
+  dependencies: [frontend_code, libpq, icu, icu_i18n],
+  kwargs: default_bin_args,
+)
+bin_targets += initdb
+
+tests += {
+  'name': 'initdb',
+  'sd': meson.current_source_dir(),
+  'bd': meson.current_build_dir(),
+  'tap': {
+    'env': {'with_icu': icu.found() ? 'yes' : 'no'},
+    'tests': [
+      't/001_initdb.pl',
+    ],
+  },
+}
+
+subdir('po', if_found: libintl)
diff --git a/src/bin/initdb/po/meson.build b/src/bin/initdb/po/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8b8a9fd2ce1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/bin/initdb/po/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+i18n.gettext('initdb-' + pg_version_major.to_string())
diff --git a/src/bin/meson.build b/src/bin/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5fd5a9d2f98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/bin/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+subdir('initdb')
+subdir('pg_amcheck')
+subdir('pg_archivecleanup')
+subdir('pg_basebackup')
+subdir('pg_checksums')
+subdir('pg_config')
+subdir('pg_controldata')
+subdir('pg_ctl')
+subdir('pg_dump')
+subdir('pg_resetwal')
+subdir('pg_rewind')
+subdir('pg_test_fsync')
+subdir('pg_test_timing')
+subdir('pg_upgrade')
+subdir('pg_verifybackup')
+subdir('pg_waldump')
+subdir('pgbench')
+subdir('pgevent')
+subdir('psql')
+subdir('scripts')
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_amcheck/meson.build b/src/bin/pg_amcheck/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8e197eba5f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/bin/pg_amcheck/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+pg_amcheck_sources = files(
+  'pg_amcheck.c'
+)
+
+pg_amcheck = executable('pg_amcheck',
+  pg_amcheck_sources,
+  dependencies: [frontend_code, libpq],
+  kwargs: default_bin_args,
+)
+bin_targets += pg_amcheck
+
+tests += {
+  'name': 'pg_amcheck',
+  'sd': meson.current_source_dir(),
+  'bd': meson.current_build_dir(),
+  'tap': {
+    'tests': [
+      't/001_basic.pl',
+      't/002_nonesuch.pl',
+      't/003_check.pl',
+      't/004_verify_heapam.pl',
+      't/005_opclass_damage.pl',
+    ],
+  },
+}
+
+subdir('po', if_found: libintl)
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_amcheck/po/meson.build b/src/bin/pg_amcheck/po/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b255f552c94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/bin/pg_amcheck/po/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+i18n.gettext('pg_amcheck-' + pg_version_major.to_string())
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_archivecleanup/meson.build b/src/bin/pg_archivecleanup/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..87a0d980c4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/bin/pg_archivecleanup/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+pg_archivecleanup = executable('pg_archivecleanup',
+  ['pg_archivecleanup.c'],
+  dependencies: [frontend_code],
+  kwargs: default_bin_args,
+)
+bin_targets += pg_archivecleanup
+
+tests += {
+  'name': 'pg_archivecleanup',
+  'sd': meson.current_source_dir(),
+  'bd': meson.current_build_dir(),
+  'tap': {
+    'tests': [
+      't/010_pg_archivecleanup.pl',
+    ],
+  },
+}
+
+subdir('po', if_found: libintl)
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_archivecleanup/po/meson.build b/src/bin/pg_archivecleanup/po/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..37935fcabc4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/bin/pg_archivecleanup/po/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+i18n.gettext('pg_archivecleanup-' + pg_version_major.to_string())
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_basebackup/meson.build b/src/bin/pg_basebackup/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d26fed9cd8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/bin/pg_basebackup/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+common_sources = files(
+  'bbstreamer_file.c',
+  'bbstreamer_gzip.c',
+  'bbstreamer_inject.c',
+  'bbstreamer_lz4.c',
+  'bbstreamer_tar.c',
+  'bbstreamer_zstd.c',
+  'receivelog.c',
+  'streamutil.c',
+  'walmethods.c',
+)
+
+pg_basebackup_deps = [frontend_code, libpq, lz4, zlib, zstd]
+pg_basebackup_common = static_library('libpg_basebackup_common',
+  common_sources,
+  dependencies: pg_basebackup_deps,
+  kwargs: internal_lib_args,
+)
+
+pg_basebackup = executable('pg_basebackup',
+  'pg_basebackup.c',
+  link_with: [pg_basebackup_common],
+  dependencies: pg_basebackup_deps,
+  kwargs: default_bin_args,
+)
+bin_targets += pg_basebackup
+
+pg_receivewal = executable('pg_receivewal',
+  'pg_receivewal.c',
+  link_with: [pg_basebackup_common],
+  dependencies: pg_basebackup_deps,
+  kwargs: default_bin_args,
+)
+bin_targets += pg_receivewal
+
+pg_recvlogical = executable('pg_recvlogical',
+  'pg_recvlogical.c',
+  link_with: [pg_basebackup_common],
+  dependencies: pg_basebackup_deps,
+  kwargs: default_bin_args,
+)
+bin_targets += pg_recvlogical
+
+tests += {
+  'name': 'pg_basebackup',
+  'sd': meson.current_source_dir(),
+  'bd': meson.current_build_dir(),
+  'tap': {
+    'env': {'GZIP_PROGRAM': gzip.path(),
+            'TAR': tar.path(),
+            'LZ4': program_lz4.found() ? program_lz4.path() : '',
+            'ZSTD': program_zstd.found() ? program_zstd.path() : ''},
+    'tests': [
+      't/010_pg_basebackup.pl',
+      't/020_pg_receivewal.pl',
+      't/030_pg_recvlogical.pl',
+    ],
+  },
+}
+
+subdir('po', if_found: libintl)
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_basebackup/po/meson.build b/src/bin/pg_basebackup/po/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..cab021153fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/bin/pg_basebackup/po/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+i18n.gettext('pg_basebackup-' + pg_version_major.to_string())
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_checksums/meson.build b/src/bin/pg_checksums/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ee1f367bac3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/bin/pg_checksums/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+pg_checksums = executable('pg_checksums',
+  ['pg_checksums.c'],
+  include_directories: [timezone_inc],
+  dependencies: [frontend_code],
+  kwargs: default_bin_args,
+)
+bin_targets += pg_checksums
+
+tests += {
+  'name': 'pg_checksums',
+  'sd': meson.current_source_dir(),
+  'bd': meson.current_build_dir(),
+  'tap': {
+    'tests': [
+      't/001_basic.pl',
+      't/002_actions.pl',
+    ],
+  },
+}
+
+subdir('po', if_found: libintl)
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_checksums/po/meson.build b/src/bin/pg_checksums/po/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2c47c2338f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/bin/pg_checksums/po/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+i18n.gettext('pg_checksums-' + pg_version_major.to_string())
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_config/meson.build b/src/bin/pg_config/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0ecbf2f9d28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/bin/pg_config/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+pg_config = executable('pg_config',
+  ['pg_config.c'],
+  dependencies: [frontend_code],
+  kwargs: default_bin_args,
+)
+bin_targets += pg_config
+
+tests += {
+  'name': 'pg_config',
+  'sd': meson.current_source_dir(),
+  'bd': meson.current_build_dir(),
+  'tap': {
+    'tests': [
+      't/001_pg_config.pl',
+    ],
+  },
+}
+
+subdir('po', if_found: libintl)
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_config/po/meson.build b/src/bin/pg_config/po/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b6fb6db9213
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/bin/pg_config/po/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+i18n.gettext('pg_config-' + pg_version_major.to_string())
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_controldata/meson.build b/src/bin/pg_controldata/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..557e672beb7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/bin/pg_controldata/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+pg_controldata = executable('pg_controldata',
+  ['pg_controldata.c'],
+  dependencies: [frontend_code],
+  kwargs: default_bin_args,
+)
+bin_targets += pg_controldata
+
+tests += {
+  'name': 'pg_controldata',
+  'sd': meson.current_source_dir(),
+  'bd': meson.current_build_dir(),
+  'tap': {
+    'tests': [
+      't/001_pg_controldata.pl',
+    ],
+  },
+}
+
+subdir('po', if_found: libintl)
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_controldata/po/meson.build b/src/bin/pg_controldata/po/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..31b486d002c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/bin/pg_controldata/po/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+i18n.gettext('pg_controldata-' + pg_version_major.to_string())
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_ctl/meson.build b/src/bin/pg_ctl/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6812e73e329
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/bin/pg_ctl/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+pg_ctl = executable('pg_ctl',
+  ['pg_ctl.c'],
+  dependencies: [frontend_code, libpq],
+  kwargs: default_bin_args,
+)
+bin_targets += pg_ctl
+
+tests += {
+  'name': 'pg_ctl',
+  'sd': meson.current_source_dir(),
+  'bd': meson.current_build_dir(),
+  'tap': {
+    'tests': [
+      't/001_start_stop.pl',
+      't/002_status.pl',
+      't/003_promote.pl',
+      't/004_logrotate.pl',
+    ],
+  },
+}
+
+subdir('po', if_found: libintl)
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_ctl/po/meson.build b/src/bin/pg_ctl/po/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..947b5108423
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/bin/pg_ctl/po/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+i18n.gettext('pg_ctl-' + pg_version_major.to_string())
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_dump/meson.build b/src/bin/pg_dump/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..785ec094dbd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/bin/pg_dump/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+pg_dump_common_sources = files(
+  'compress_io.c',
+  'dumputils.c',
+  'parallel.c',
+  'pg_backup_archiver.c',
+  'pg_backup_custom.c',
+  'pg_backup_db.c',
+  'pg_backup_directory.c',
+  'pg_backup_null.c',
+  'pg_backup_tar.c',
+  'pg_backup_utils.c',
+)
+
+pg_dump_common = static_library('libpgdump_common',
+  pg_dump_common_sources,
+  dependencies: [frontend_code, libpq, zlib],
+  kwargs: internal_lib_args,
+)
+
+
+pg_dump_sources = files(
+  'common.c',
+  'pg_dump.c',
+  'pg_dump_sort.c',
+)
+
+pg_dump = executable('pg_dump',
+  pg_dump_sources,
+  link_with: [pg_dump_common],
+  dependencies: [frontend_code, libpq, zlib],
+  kwargs: default_bin_args,
+)
+bin_targets += pg_dump
+
+
+pg_dumpall_sources = files(
+  'pg_dumpall.c',
+)
+
+pg_dumpall = executable('pg_dumpall',
+  pg_dumpall_sources,
+  link_with: [pg_dump_common],
+  dependencies: [frontend_code, libpq, zlib],
+  kwargs: default_bin_args,
+)
+bin_targets += pg_dumpall
+
+
+pg_restore_sources = files(
+  'pg_restore.c',
+)
+
+pg_restore = executable('pg_restore',
+  pg_restore_sources,
+  link_with: [pg_dump_common],
+  dependencies: [frontend_code, libpq, zlib],
+  kwargs: default_bin_args,
+)
+bin_targets += pg_restore
+
+tests += {
+  'name': 'pg_dump',
+  'sd': meson.current_source_dir(),
+  'bd': meson.current_build_dir(),
+  'tap': {
+    'tests': [
+      't/001_basic.pl',
+      't/002_pg_dump.pl',
+      't/003_pg_dump_with_server.pl',
+      't/010_dump_connstr.pl',
+    ],
+  },
+}
+
+subdir('po', if_found: libintl)
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_dump/po/meson.build b/src/bin/pg_dump/po/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..82e5e537ff4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/bin/pg_dump/po/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+i18n.gettext('pg_dump-' + pg_version_major.to_string())
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_resetwal/meson.build b/src/bin/pg_resetwal/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7c5de134ac0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/bin/pg_resetwal/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+pg_resetwal = executable('pg_resetwal',
+  files('pg_resetwal.c'),
+  dependencies: [frontend_code],
+  kwargs: default_bin_args,
+)
+bin_targets += pg_resetwal
+
+tests += {
+  'name': 'pg_resetwal',
+  'sd': meson.current_source_dir(),
+  'bd': meson.current_build_dir(),
+  'tap': {
+    'tests': [
+      't/001_basic.pl',
+      't/002_corrupted.pl',
+    ],
+  },
+}
+
+subdir('po', if_found: libintl)
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_resetwal/po/meson.build b/src/bin/pg_resetwal/po/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d130d3b775f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/bin/pg_resetwal/po/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+i18n.gettext('pg_resetwal-' + pg_version_major.to_string())
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_rewind/meson.build b/src/bin/pg_rewind/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d8ec9e482d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/bin/pg_rewind/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+pg_rewind_sources = files(
+  'datapagemap.c',
+  'file_ops.c',
+  'filemap.c',
+  'libpq_source.c',
+  'local_source.c',
+  'parsexlog.c',
+  'pg_rewind.c',
+  'timeline.c',
+)
+
+pg_rewind_sources += xlogreader_sources
+
+pg_rewind = executable('pg_rewind',
+  pg_rewind_sources,
+  dependencies: [frontend_code, libpq, lz4, zstd],
+  c_args: ['-DFRONTEND'], # needed for xlogreader et al
+  kwargs: default_bin_args,
+)
+bin_targets += pg_rewind
+
+
+tests += {
+  'name': 'pg_rewind',
+  'sd': meson.current_source_dir(),
+  'bd': meson.current_build_dir(),
+  'tap': {
+    'tests': [
+      't/001_basic.pl',
+      't/002_databases.pl',
+      't/003_extrafiles.pl',
+      't/004_pg_xlog_symlink.pl',
+      't/005_same_timeline.pl',
+      't/006_options.pl',
+      't/007_standby_source.pl',
+      't/008_min_recovery_point.pl',
+      't/009_growing_files.pl',
+    ],
+  },
+}
+
+subdir('po', if_found: libintl)
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_rewind/po/meson.build b/src/bin/pg_rewind/po/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a105600b348
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/bin/pg_rewind/po/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+i18n.gettext('pg_rewind-' + pg_version_major.to_string())
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_fsync/meson.build b/src/bin/pg_test_fsync/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2c01831e11f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_fsync/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+test_fsync_sources = files('pg_test_fsync.c')
+
+pg_test_fsync = executable('pg_test_fsync',
+  test_fsync_sources,
+  dependencies: [frontend_code],
+  kwargs: default_bin_args,
+)
+bin_targets += pg_test_fsync
+
+tests += {
+  'name': 'pg_test_fsync',
+  'sd': meson.current_source_dir(),
+  'bd': meson.current_build_dir(),
+  'tap': {
+    'tests': [
+      't/001_basic.pl',
+    ],
+  },
+}
+
+subdir('po', if_found: libintl)
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_fsync/po/meson.build b/src/bin/pg_test_fsync/po/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2ee1125282d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_fsync/po/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+i18n.gettext('pg_test_fsync-' + pg_version_major.to_string())
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/meson.build b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0a3068f1657
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+pg_test_timing = executable('pg_test_timing',
+  ['pg_test_timing.c'],
+  dependencies: [frontend_code],
+  kwargs: default_bin_args,
+)
+bin_targets += pg_test_timing
+
+tests += {
+  'name': 'pg_test_timing',
+  'sd': meson.current_source_dir(),
+  'bd': meson.current_build_dir(),
+  'tap': {
+    'tests': [
+      't/001_basic.pl',
+    ],
+  },
+}
+
+subdir('po', if_found: libintl)
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_test_timing/po/meson.build b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/po/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..cda8615165b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/bin/pg_test_timing/po/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+i18n.gettext('pg_test_timing-' + pg_version_major.to_string())
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/meson.build b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..02f030e0ccf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+pg_upgrade_sources = files(
+  'check.c',
+  'controldata.c',
+  'dump.c',
+  'exec.c',
+  'file.c',
+  'function.c',
+  'info.c',
+  'option.c',
+  'parallel.c',
+  'pg_upgrade.c',
+  'relfilenumber.c',
+  'server.c',
+  'tablespace.c',
+  'util.c',
+  'version.c',
+)
+
+pg_upgrade = executable('pg_upgrade',
+  pg_upgrade_sources,
+  dependencies: [frontend_code, libpq],
+  kwargs: default_bin_args,
+)
+bin_targets += pg_upgrade
+
+
+tests += {
+  'name': 'pg_upgrade',
+  'sd': meson.current_source_dir(),
+  'bd': meson.current_build_dir(),
+  'tap': {
+    'tests': [
+      't/001_basic.pl',
+      't/002_pg_upgrade.pl',
+    ],
+    'test_kwargs': {'priority': 40}, # pg_upgrade tests are slow
+  },
+}
+
+subdir('po', if_found: libintl)
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/po/meson.build b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/po/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..39301cbede8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/po/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+i18n.gettext('pg_upgrade-' + pg_version_major.to_string())
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_verifybackup/meson.build b/src/bin/pg_verifybackup/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4c3b2bb5f97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/bin/pg_verifybackup/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+pg_verifybackup_sources = files(
+  'parse_manifest.c',
+  'pg_verifybackup.c'
+)
+
+pg_verifybackup = executable('pg_verifybackup',
+  pg_verifybackup_sources,
+  dependencies: [frontend_code, libpq],
+  kwargs: default_bin_args,
+)
+bin_targets += pg_verifybackup
+
+tests += {
+  'name': 'pg_verifybackup',
+  'sd': meson.current_source_dir(),
+  'bd': meson.current_build_dir(),
+  'tap': {
+    'tests': [
+      't/001_basic.pl',
+      't/002_algorithm.pl',
+      't/003_corruption.pl',
+      't/004_options.pl',
+      't/005_bad_manifest.pl',
+      't/006_encoding.pl',
+      't/007_wal.pl',
+      't/008_untar.pl',
+      't/009_extract.pl',
+      't/010_client_untar.pl',
+    ],
+  },
+}
+
+subdir('po', if_found: libintl)
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_verifybackup/po/meson.build b/src/bin/pg_verifybackup/po/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b583f1958ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/bin/pg_verifybackup/po/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+i18n.gettext('pg_verifybackup-' + pg_version_major.to_string())
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_waldump/meson.build b/src/bin/pg_waldump/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..95872652ffd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/bin/pg_waldump/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+pg_waldump_sources = files(
+  'compat.c',
+  'pg_waldump.c',
+  'rmgrdesc.c',
+)
+
+pg_waldump_sources += rmgr_desc_sources
+pg_waldump_sources += xlogreader_sources
+pg_waldump_sources += files('../../backend/access/transam/xlogstats.c')
+
+pg_waldump = executable('pg_waldump',
+  pg_waldump_sources,
+  dependencies: [frontend_code, lz4, zstd],
+  c_args: ['-DFRONTEND'], # needed for xlogreader et al
+  kwargs: default_bin_args,
+)
+bin_targets += pg_waldump
+
+tests += {
+  'name': 'pg_waldump',
+  'sd': meson.current_source_dir(),
+  'bd': meson.current_build_dir(),
+  'tap': {
+    'tests': [
+      't/001_basic.pl',
+    ],
+  },
+}
+
+subdir('po', if_found: libintl)
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_waldump/po/meson.build b/src/bin/pg_waldump/po/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f335aa4b360
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/bin/pg_waldump/po/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+i18n.gettext('pg_waldump-' + pg_version_major.to_string())
diff --git a/src/bin/pgbench/meson.build b/src/bin/pgbench/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6564e54029c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/bin/pgbench/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+pgbench_sources = files(
+  'pgbench.c',
+)
+
+exprscan = custom_target('exprscan',
+  input: 'exprscan.l',
+  output: 'exprscan.c',
+  command: flex_cmd,
+)
+generated_sources += exprscan
+pgbench_sources += exprscan
+
+exprparse = custom_target('exprparse',
+  input: 'exprparse.y',
+  kwargs: bison_kw,
+)
+generated_sources += exprparse.to_list()
+pgbench_sources += exprparse
+
+pgbench = executable('pgbench',
+  pgbench_sources,
+  dependencies: [frontend_code, libpq, thread_dep],
+  include_directories: include_directories('.'),
+  kwargs: default_bin_args,
+)
+bin_targets += pgbench
+
+tests += {
+  'name': 'pgbench',
+  'sd': meson.current_source_dir(),
+  'bd': meson.current_build_dir(),
+  'tap': {
+    'tests': [
+      't/001_pgbench_with_server.pl',
+      't/002_pgbench_no_server.pl',
+    ],
+  },
+}
diff --git a/src/bin/pgevent/meson.build b/src/bin/pgevent/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7a468879fd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/bin/pgevent/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+if host_system != 'windows'
+  subdir_done()
+endif
+
+pgevent_sources = files(
+  'pgevent.c',
+)
+
+# FIXME: copied from Mkvcbuild.pm, but I don't think that's the right approach
+pgevent_link_args = []
+if cc.get_id() == 'msvc'
+  pgevent_link_args += '/ignore:4104'
+endif
+
+pgevent = shared_library('pgevent',
+  pgevent_sources,
+  dependencies: [frontend_code],
+  link_args: pgevent_link_args,
+  vs_module_defs: 'pgevent.def',
+  kwargs: default_lib_args + {
+    'name_prefix': '',
+  },
+)
+bin_targets += pgevent
diff --git a/src/bin/psql/meson.build b/src/bin/psql/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ea850c8fdf5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/bin/psql/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+psql_sources = files(
+  'command.c',
+  'common.c',
+  'copy.c',
+  'crosstabview.c',
+  'describe.c',
+  'help.c',
+  'input.c',
+  'large_obj.c',
+  'mainloop.c',
+  'prompt.c',
+  'startup.c',
+  'stringutils.c',
+  'tab-complete.c',
+  'variables.c',
+)
+
+psqlscanslash = custom_target('psqlscanslash',
+  input: 'psqlscanslash.l',
+  output: 'psqlscanslash.c',
+  command: [flex_cmd, '--no-backup', '--fix-warnings', '--', '-Cfe', '-p', '-p'])
+generated_sources += psqlscanslash
+psql_sources += psqlscanslash
+bin_targets += psqlscanslash
+
+sql_help = custom_target('psql_help',
+  output: ['sql_help.c', 'sql_help.h'],
+  depfile: 'sql_help.dep',
+  command: [
+    perl, files('create_help.pl'),
+    '--docdir', '@SOURCE_ROOT@/doc/src/sgml/ref',
+    '--depfile', '@DEPFILE@',
+    '--outdir', '@OUTDIR@',
+    '--basename', 'sql_help',
+  ],
+)
+generated_sources += sql_help.to_list()
+psql_sources += sql_help
+bin_targets += sql_help
+
+psql = executable('psql',
+  psql_sources,
+  include_directories: include_directories('.'),
+  dependencies: [frontend_code, libpq, readline],
+  kwargs: default_bin_args,
+)
+bin_targets += psql
+
+install_data('psqlrc.sample',
+  install_dir: dir_data,
+)
+
+tests += {
+  'name': 'psql',
+  'sd': meson.current_source_dir(),
+  'bd': meson.current_build_dir(),
+  'tap': {
+    'env': {'with_readline': readline.found() ? 'yes' : 'no'},
+    'tests': [
+      't/001_basic.pl',
+      't/010_tab_completion.pl',
+      't/020_cancel.pl',
+    ],
+  },
+}
+
+subdir('po', if_found: libintl)
diff --git a/src/bin/psql/po/meson.build b/src/bin/psql/po/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..45fe425298d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/bin/psql/po/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+i18n.gettext('psql-' + pg_version_major.to_string())
diff --git a/src/bin/scripts/meson.build b/src/bin/scripts/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..eaf250c7f73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/bin/scripts/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+scripts_common = static_library('libscripts_common',
+  files('common.c'),
+  dependencies: [frontend_code, libpq],
+  kwargs: internal_lib_args,
+)
+
+binaries = [
+  'createdb',
+  'dropdb',
+  'createuser',
+  'dropuser',
+  'clusterdb',
+  'vacuumdb',
+  'reindexdb',
+  'pg_isready',
+]
+
+foreach binary : binaries
+  binary = executable(binary,
+    files(binary + '.c'),
+    link_with: [scripts_common],
+    dependencies: [frontend_code, libpq],
+    kwargs: default_bin_args,
+  )
+  bin_targets += binary
+endforeach
+
+tests += {
+  'name': 'scripts',
+  'sd': meson.current_source_dir(),
+  'bd': meson.current_build_dir(),
+  'tap': {
+    'tests': [
+      't/010_clusterdb.pl',
+      't/011_clusterdb_all.pl',
+      't/020_createdb.pl',
+      't/040_createuser.pl',
+      't/050_dropdb.pl',
+      't/070_dropuser.pl',
+      't/080_pg_isready.pl',
+      't/090_reindexdb.pl',
+      't/091_reindexdb_all.pl',
+      't/100_vacuumdb.pl',
+      't/101_vacuumdb_all.pl',
+      't/102_vacuumdb_stages.pl',
+      't/200_connstr.pl',
+    ],
+  },
+}
+
+subdir('po', if_found: libintl)
diff --git a/src/bin/scripts/po/meson.build b/src/bin/scripts/po/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3c531459c2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/bin/scripts/po/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+i18n.gettext('pgscripts-' + pg_version_major.to_string())
diff --git a/src/common/meson.build b/src/common/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..23842e1ffef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/common/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+common_sources = files(
+  'archive.c',
+  'base64.c',
+  'checksum_helper.c',
+  'compression.c',
+  'controldata_utils.c',
+  'encnames.c',
+  'exec.c',
+  'file_perm.c',
+  'file_utils.c',
+  'hashfn.c',
+  'ip.c',
+  'jsonapi.c',
+  'keywords.c',
+  'kwlookup.c',
+  'link-canary.c',
+  'md5_common.c',
+  'pg_get_line.c',
+  'pg_lzcompress.c',
+  'pg_prng.c',
+  'pgfnames.c',
+  'psprintf.c',
+  'relpath.c',
+  'rmtree.c',
+  'saslprep.c',
+  'scram-common.c',
+  'string.c',
+  'stringinfo.c',
+  'unicode_norm.c',
+  'username.c',
+  'wait_error.c',
+  'wchar.c',
+)
+
+if ssl.found()
+  common_sources += files(
+    'cryptohash_openssl.c',
+    'hmac_openssl.c',
+    'protocol_openssl.c',
+  )
+else
+  common_sources += files(
+    'cryptohash.c',
+    'hmac.c',
+    'md5.c',
+    'sha1.c',
+    'sha2.c',
+  )
+endif
+
+common_kwlist = custom_target('kwlist',
+  input: files('../include/parser/kwlist.h'),
+  output: 'kwlist_d.h',
+  command: [perl, '-I', '@SOURCE_ROOT@/src/tools', files('../tools/gen_keywordlist.pl'),
+      '--extern', '--output', '@OUTDIR@', '@INPUT@'])
+generated_sources += common_kwlist
+common_sources += common_kwlist
+
+# The code imported from Ryu gets a pass on declaration-after-statement,
+# in order to keep it more closely aligned with its upstream.
+ryu_sources = files(
+  'd2s.c',
+  'f2s.c',
+)
+ryu_cflags = []
+
+if using_declaration_after_statement_warning
+  ryu_cflags += ['-Wno-declaration-after-statement']
+endif
+
+config_info_sources = files('config_info.c',)
+config_info_cflags = [
+  '-DVAL_CC="@0@"'.format(var_cc),
+  '-DVAL_CPPFLAGS="@0@"'.format(var_cppflags),
+  '-DVAL_CFLAGS="@0@"'.format(var_cflags),
+  '-DVAL_CFLAGS_SL="@0@"'.format(var_cflags_sl),
+  '-DVAL_LDFLAGS="@0@"'.format(var_ldflags),
+  '-DVAL_LDFLAGS_EX="@0@"'.format(var_ldflags_ex),
+  '-DVAL_LDFLAGS_SL="@0@"'.format(var_ldflags_sl),
+  '-DVAL_LIBS="@0@"'.format(var_libs),
+]
+
+# Some files need to be built with different cflags. The different sets are
+# defined here.
+common_cflags = {
+  'ryu': ryu_cflags,
+  'config_info': config_info_cflags,
+}
+common_sources_cflags = {
+  'ryu': ryu_sources,
+  'config_info': config_info_sources
+}
+
+
+# A few files are currently only built for frontend, not server
+# (Mkvcbuild.pm has a copy of this list, too).  logging.c is excluded
+# from OBJS_FRONTEND_SHLIB (shared library) as a matter of policy,
+# because it is not appropriate for general purpose libraries such
+# as libpq to report errors directly.
+
+common_sources_frontend_shlib = common_sources
+common_sources_frontend_shlib += files(
+  'fe_memutils.c',
+  'restricted_token.c',
+  'sprompt.c',
+)
+
+common_sources_frontend_static = common_sources_frontend_shlib
+common_sources_frontend_static += files(
+  'logging.c',
+)
+
+# Build pgport once for backend, once for use in frontend binaries, and once
+# for use in shared libraries
+#
+# XXX: in most environments we could probably link_whole pgcommon_shlib
+# against pgcommon_static, instead of compiling twice.
+#
+# For the server build of pgcommon, depend on lwlocknames_h, because at least
+# cryptohash_openssl.c, hmac_openssl.c depend on it. That's arguably a
+# layering violation, but ...
+pgcommon = {}
+pgcommon_variants = {
+  '_srv': internal_lib_args + {
+    'sources': common_sources + [lwlocknames_h],
+    'dependencies': [backend_common_code],
+  },
+  '': default_lib_args + {
+    'sources': common_sources_frontend_static,
+    'dependencies': [frontend_common_code],
+  },
+  '_shlib': default_lib_args + {
+    'pic': true,
+    'sources': common_sources_frontend_shlib,
+    'dependencies': [frontend_common_code],
+  },
+}
+
+foreach name, opts : pgcommon_variants
+
+  # Build internal static libraries for sets of files that need to be built
+  # with different cflags
+  cflag_libs = []
+  foreach cflagname, sources : common_sources_cflags
+    if sources.length() == 0
+      continue
+    endif
+    c_args = opts.get('c_args', []) + common_cflags[cflagname]
+    cflag_libs += static_library('libpgcommon@0@_@1@'.format(name, cflagname),
+      include_directories: include_directories('.'),
+      kwargs: opts + {
+        'sources': sources,
+        'c_args': c_args,
+        'build_by_default': false,
+        'install': false,
+      },
+    )
+  endforeach
+
+  lib = static_library('libpgcommon@0@'.format(name),
+      link_with: cflag_libs,
+      include_directories: include_directories('.'),
+      kwargs: opts + {
+        'dependencies': opts['dependencies'] + [ssl],
+      }
+    )
+  pgcommon += {name: lib}
+endforeach
+
+common_srv = pgcommon['_srv']
+common_shlib = pgcommon['_shlib']
+common_static = pgcommon['']
+
+subdir('unicode')
diff --git a/src/common/unicode/meson.build b/src/common/unicode/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..13965d59f49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/common/unicode/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+UNICODE_VERSION = '15.0.0'
+
+unicode_data = {}
+unicode_baseurl = 'https://www.unicode.org/Public/@0@/ucd/@1@'
+
+if not wget.found()
+  subdir_done()
+endif
+
+# These files are part of the Unicode Character Database. Download them on
+# demand.
+foreach f : ['UnicodeData.txt', 'EastAsianWidth.txt', 'DerivedNormalizationProps.txt', 'CompositionExclusions.txt', 'NormalizationTest.txt']
+  url = unicode_baseurl.format(UNICODE_VERSION, f)
+  target = custom_target(f,
+    output: f,
+    command: [wget, wget_flags, url],
+    build_by_default: false,
+  )
+  unicode_data += {f: target}
+endforeach
+
+
+update_unicode_targets = []
+
+update_unicode_targets += \
+  custom_target('unicode_norm_table.h',
+    input: [unicode_data['UnicodeData.txt'], unicode_data['CompositionExclusions.txt']],
+    output: ['unicode_norm_table.h', 'unicode_norm_hashfunc.h'],
+    command: [
+      perl, files('generate-unicode_norm_table.pl'),
+      '--outdir', '@OUTDIR@', '@INPUT@'],
+    build_by_default: false,
+  )
+
+update_unicode_targets += \
+  custom_target('unicode_nonspacing_table.h',
+    input: [unicode_data['UnicodeData.txt']],
+    output: ['unicode_nonspacing_table.h'],
+    command: [perl, files('generate-unicode_nonspacing_table.pl'), '@INPUT@'],
+    build_by_default: false,
+    capture: true,
+  )
+
+update_unicode_targets += \
+  custom_target('unicode_east_asian_fw_table.h',
+    input: [unicode_data['EastAsianWidth.txt']],
+    output: ['unicode_east_asian_fw_table.h'],
+    command: [perl, files('generate-unicode_east_asian_fw_table.pl'), '@INPUT@'],
+    build_by_default: false,
+    capture: true,
+  )
+
+update_unicode_targets += \
+  custom_target('unicode_normprops_table.h',
+    input: [unicode_data['DerivedNormalizationProps.txt']],
+    output: ['unicode_normprops_table.h'],
+    command: [perl, files('generate-unicode_normprops_table.pl'), '@INPUT@'],
+    build_by_default: false,
+    capture: true,
+  )
+
+norm_test_table = custom_target('norm_test_table.h',
+    input: [unicode_data['NormalizationTest.txt']],
+    output: ['norm_test_table.h'],
+    command: [perl, files('generate-norm_test_table.pl'), '@INPUT@', '@OUTPUT@'],
+    build_by_default: false,
+  )
+
+inc = include_directories('.')
+
+norm_test = executable('norm_test',
+  ['norm_test.c', norm_test_table],
+  dependencies: [frontend_port_code],
+  include_directories: inc,
+  link_with: [common_static, pgport_static],
+  build_by_default: false,
+  kwargs: default_bin_args + {
+    'install': false,
+  }
+)
+
+update_unicode_dep = []
+
+if not meson.is_cross_build()
+  update_unicode_dep += custom_target('norm_test.run',
+    output: 'norm_test.run',
+    input: update_unicode_targets,
+    command: [norm_test],
+    build_by_default: false,
+    build_always_stale: true,
+  )
+endif
+
+
+# Use a custom target, as run targets serialize the output, making this harder
+# to debug, and don't deal well with targets with multiple outputs.
+update_unicode = custom_target('update-unicode',
+  depends: update_unicode_dep,
+  output: ['dont-exist'],
+  input: update_unicode_targets,
+  command: ['cp', '@INPUT@', '@SOURCE_ROOT@/src/include/common/'],
+  build_by_default: false,
+  build_always_stale: true,
+)
+
+alias_target('update-unicode', update_unicode)
diff --git a/src/fe_utils/meson.build b/src/fe_utils/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b6bf8e1ca21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/fe_utils/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+fe_utils_sources = files(
+  'archive.c',
+  'cancel.c',
+  'conditional.c',
+  'connect_utils.c',
+  'mbprint.c',
+  'option_utils.c',
+  'parallel_slot.c',
+  'print.c',
+  'query_utils.c',
+  'recovery_gen.c',
+  'simple_list.c',
+  'string_utils.c',
+)
+
+psqlscan = custom_target('psqlscan',
+  input: 'psqlscan.l',
+  output: 'psqlscan.c',
+  command: [flex_cmd, '--no-backup', '--fix-warnings', '--', '-Cfe', '-p', '-p'],
+)
+generated_sources += psqlscan
+fe_utils_sources += psqlscan
+
+fe_utils = static_library('libpgfeutils',
+  fe_utils_sources + generated_headers,
+  include_directories: [postgres_inc, libpq_inc],
+  dependencies: frontend_common_code,
+  kwargs: default_lib_args,
+)
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/meson.build b/src/include/catalog/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..45ffa99692e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/include/catalog/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+catalog_headers = [
+  'pg_proc.h',
+  'pg_type.h',
+  'pg_attribute.h',
+  'pg_class.h',
+  'pg_attrdef.h',
+  'pg_constraint.h',
+  'pg_inherits.h',
+  'pg_index.h',
+  'pg_operator.h',
+  'pg_opfamily.h',
+  'pg_opclass.h',
+  'pg_am.h',
+  'pg_amop.h',
+  'pg_amproc.h',
+  'pg_language.h',
+  'pg_largeobject_metadata.h',
+  'pg_largeobject.h',
+  'pg_aggregate.h',
+  'pg_statistic.h',
+  'pg_statistic_ext.h',
+  'pg_statistic_ext_data.h',
+  'pg_rewrite.h',
+  'pg_trigger.h',
+  'pg_event_trigger.h',
+  'pg_description.h',
+  'pg_cast.h',
+  'pg_enum.h',
+  'pg_namespace.h',
+  'pg_conversion.h',
+  'pg_depend.h',
+  'pg_database.h',
+  'pg_db_role_setting.h',
+  'pg_tablespace.h',
+  'pg_authid.h',
+  'pg_auth_members.h',
+  'pg_shdepend.h',
+  'pg_shdescription.h',
+  'pg_ts_config.h',
+  'pg_ts_config_map.h',
+  'pg_ts_dict.h',
+  'pg_ts_parser.h',
+  'pg_ts_template.h',
+  'pg_extension.h',
+  'pg_foreign_data_wrapper.h',
+  'pg_foreign_server.h',
+  'pg_user_mapping.h',
+  'pg_foreign_table.h',
+  'pg_policy.h',
+  'pg_replication_origin.h',
+  'pg_default_acl.h',
+  'pg_init_privs.h',
+  'pg_seclabel.h',
+  'pg_shseclabel.h',
+  'pg_collation.h',
+  'pg_parameter_acl.h',
+  'pg_partitioned_table.h',
+  'pg_range.h',
+  'pg_transform.h',
+  'pg_sequence.h',
+  'pg_publication.h',
+  'pg_publication_namespace.h',
+  'pg_publication_rel.h',
+  'pg_subscription.h',
+  'pg_subscription_rel.h',
+]
+
+bki_data = [
+  'pg_aggregate.dat',
+  'pg_am.dat',
+  'pg_amop.dat',
+  'pg_amproc.dat',
+  'pg_authid.dat',
+  'pg_cast.dat',
+  'pg_class.dat',
+  'pg_collation.dat',
+  'pg_conversion.dat',
+  'pg_database.dat',
+  'pg_language.dat',
+  'pg_namespace.dat',
+  'pg_opclass.dat',
+  'pg_operator.dat',
+  'pg_opfamily.dat',
+  'pg_proc.dat',
+  'pg_range.dat',
+  'pg_tablespace.dat',
+  'pg_ts_config.dat',
+  'pg_ts_config_map.dat',
+  'pg_ts_dict.dat',
+  'pg_ts_parser.dat',
+  'pg_ts_template.dat',
+  'pg_type.dat',
+]
+bki_data_f = files(bki_data)
+
+
+input = []
+output_files = ['postgres.bki', 'system_constraints.sql', 'schemapg.h', 'system_fk_info.h']
+output_install = [dir_data, dir_data, dir_include_server / 'catalog', dir_include_server / 'catalog']
+
+foreach h : catalog_headers
+  fname = h.split('.h')[0] + '_d.h'
+  input += files(h)
+  output_files += fname
+  output_install += dir_include_server / 'catalog'
+endforeach
+
+generated_catalog_headers = custom_target('generated_catalog_headers',
+  output: output_files,
+  install_dir: output_install,
+  input: input,
+  depend_files: bki_data_f,
+  build_by_default: true,
+  install: true,
+  command: [
+    perl,
+    files('../../backend/catalog/genbki.pl'),
+    '--include-path=@SOURCE_ROOT@/src/include',
+    '--set-version=' + pg_version_major.to_string(),
+    '--output=@OUTDIR@', '@INPUT@'
+  ],
+)
+
+generated_headers += generated_catalog_headers.to_list()
+
+# autoconf generates the file there, ensure we get a conflict
+generated_sources_ac += {'src/backend/catalog': output_files + ['bki-stamp']}
+generated_sources_ac += {'src/include/catalog': ['header-stamp']}
+
+# 'reformat-dat-files' is a convenience target for rewriting the
+# catalog data files in our standard format.  This includes collapsing
+# out any entries that are redundant with a BKI_DEFAULT annotation.
+run_target('reformat-dat-files',
+  command: [perl, files('reformat_dat_file.pl'), '--output', '@CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR@', bki_data_f],
+)
+
+# 'expand-dat-files' is a convenience target for expanding out all
+# default values in the catalog data files.  This should be run before
+# altering or removing any BKI_DEFAULT annotation.
+run_target('expand-dat-files',
+  command: [perl, files('reformat_dat_file.pl'), '--output', '@CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR@', bki_data_f, '--full-tuples'],
+)
diff --git a/src/include/meson.build b/src/include/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e5390df0584
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/include/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+pg_config_ext = configure_file(
+  input: 'pg_config_ext.h.meson',
+  output: 'pg_config_ext.h',
+  configuration: cdata,
+  install: true,
+  install_dir: dir_include,
+)
+configure_files += pg_config_ext
+
+pg_config_os = configure_file(
+  output: 'pg_config_os.h',
+  input: files('port/@0@.h'.format(portname)),
+  install: true,
+  install_dir: dir_include,
+  copy: true,
+)
+configure_files += pg_config_os
+
+pg_config = configure_file(
+  output: 'pg_config.h',
+  install: true,
+  install_dir: dir_include,
+  configuration: cdata,
+)
+configure_files += pg_config
+
+
+config_paths_data = configuration_data()
+config_paths_data.set_quoted('PGBINDIR', dir_prefix / dir_bin)
+config_paths_data.set_quoted('PGSHAREDIR', dir_prefix / dir_data)
+config_paths_data.set_quoted('SYSCONFDIR', dir_prefix / dir_sysconf)
+config_paths_data.set_quoted('INCLUDEDIR', dir_prefix / dir_include)
+config_paths_data.set_quoted('PKGINCLUDEDIR', dir_prefix / dir_include_pkg)
+config_paths_data.set_quoted('INCLUDEDIRSERVER', dir_prefix / dir_include_server)
+config_paths_data.set_quoted('LIBDIR', dir_prefix / dir_lib)
+config_paths_data.set_quoted('PKGLIBDIR', dir_prefix / dir_lib_pkg)
+config_paths_data.set_quoted('LOCALEDIR', dir_prefix / dir_locale)
+config_paths_data.set_quoted('DOCDIR', dir_prefix / dir_doc)
+config_paths_data.set_quoted('HTMLDIR', dir_prefix / dir_doc_html)
+config_paths_data.set_quoted('MANDIR', dir_prefix / dir_man)
+
+
+var_cc = ' '.join(cc.cmd_array())
+var_cpp = ' '.join(cc.cmd_array() + ['-E'])
+var_cflags = ' '.join(cflags + cflags_warn)
+var_cxxflags = ' '.join(cxxflags + cxxflags_warn)
+var_cppflags = ' '.join(cppflags)
+var_cflags_sl = '-fPIC' #FIXME
+var_ldflags = ' '.join(ldflags)
+var_ldflags_sl = ''.join(ldflags_sl)
+var_ldflags_ex = '' # FIXME
+# FIXME - some extensions might directly use symbols from one of libs. If
+# that symbol isn't used by postgres, and statically linked, it'll cause an
+# undefined symbol at runtime. And obviously it'll cause problems for
+# executables, although those are probably less common.
+var_libs = ''
+
+
+pg_config_paths = configure_file(
+  output: 'pg_config_paths.h',
+  configuration: config_paths_data,
+  install: false,
+)
+configure_files += pg_config_paths
+
+install_headers(
+  'pg_config_manual.h',
+  'postgres_ext.h',
+)
+
+install_headers(
+  'libpq/libpq-fs.h',
+  install_dir: dir_include / 'libpq',
+)
+
+install_headers(
+  'c.h',
+  'port.h',
+  'postgres_fe.h',
+  install_dir: dir_include_internal
+)
+
+install_headers(
+  'libpq/pqcomm.h',
+  install_dir: dir_include_internal / 'libpq',
+)
+
+install_headers(
+  'c.h',
+  'fmgr.h',
+  'funcapi.h',
+  'getopt_long.h',
+  'miscadmin.h',
+  'pg_config_manual.h',
+  'pg_getopt.h',
+  'pg_trace.h',
+  'pgstat.h',
+  'pgtar.h',
+  'pgtime.h',
+  'port.h',
+  'postgres.h',
+  'postgres_ext.h',
+  'postgres_fe.h',
+  'windowapi.h',
+  pg_config_ext,
+  pg_config_os,
+  pg_config,
+  install_dir: dir_include_server,
+)
+
+subdir('catalog')
+subdir('nodes')
+subdir('storage')
+subdir('utils')
+
+header_subdirs = [
+  'access',
+  'catalog',
+  'bootstrap',
+  'commands',
+  'common',
+  'datatype',
+  'executor',
+  'fe_utils',
+  'foreign',
+  'jit',
+  'lib',
+  'libpq',
+  'mb',
+  'nodes',
+  'optimizer',
+  'parser',
+  'partitioning',
+  'postmaster',
+  'regex',
+  'replication',
+  'rewrite',
+  'statistics',
+  'storage',
+  'tcop',
+  'snowball',
+  'tsearch',
+  'utils',
+  'port',
+  'portability',
+]
+
+# XXX: installing headers this way has the danger of installing editor files
+# etc, unfortunately install_subdir() doesn't allow including / excluding by
+# pattern currently.
+foreach d : header_subdirs
+  if d == 'catalog'
+    continue
+  endif
+  install_subdir(d, install_dir: dir_include_server,
+                 exclude_files: ['.gitignore', 'meson.build'])
+endforeach
+
+install_subdir('catalog',
+  install_dir: dir_include_server,
+  exclude_files: [
+    '.gitignore',
+    'Makefile',
+    'duplicate_oids',
+    'meson.build',
+    'reformat_dat_file.pl',
+    'renumber_oids.pl',
+    'unused_oids',
+  ] + bki_data,
+)
+
+# autoconf generates the file there, ensure we get a conflict
+generated_sources_ac += {'src/include': ['stamp-h', 'stamp-ext-h']}
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/meson.build b/src/include/nodes/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b7df232081f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/include/nodes/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+node_support_input_i = [
+  'nodes/nodes.h',
+  'nodes/primnodes.h',
+  'nodes/parsenodes.h',
+  'nodes/pathnodes.h',
+  'nodes/plannodes.h',
+  'nodes/execnodes.h',
+  'access/amapi.h',
+  'access/sdir.h',
+  'access/tableam.h',
+  'access/tsmapi.h',
+  'commands/event_trigger.h',
+  'commands/trigger.h',
+  'executor/tuptable.h',
+  'foreign/fdwapi.h',
+  'nodes/extensible.h',
+  'nodes/lockoptions.h',
+  'nodes/replnodes.h',
+  'nodes/supportnodes.h',
+  'nodes/value.h',
+  'utils/rel.h',
+]
+
+node_support_input = []
+foreach i : node_support_input_i
+  node_support_input += meson.source_root() / 'src' / 'include' / i
+endforeach
+
+node_support_output = [
+  'nodetags.h',
+  'outfuncs.funcs.c', 'outfuncs.switch.c',
+  'readfuncs.funcs.c', 'readfuncs.switch.c',
+  'copyfuncs.funcs.c', 'copyfuncs.switch.c',
+  'equalfuncs.funcs.c', 'equalfuncs.switch.c',
+]
+node_support_install = [
+  dir_include_server / 'nodes',
+  false, false,
+  false, false,
+  false, false,
+  false, false,
+]
+
+generated_nodes = custom_target('nodetags.h',
+  input: node_support_input,
+  output: node_support_output,
+  command: [
+    perl, files('../../backend/nodes/gen_node_support.pl'),
+    '-o', '@OUTDIR@',
+    '@INPUT@'],
+  install: true,
+  install_dir: node_support_install,
+)
+generated_headers += generated_nodes[0]
+
+# autoconf generates the file there, ensure we get a conflict
+generated_sources_ac += {'src/backend/nodes': node_support_output + ['node-support-stamp']}
+generated_sources_ac += {'src/include/nodes': ['header-stamp']}
diff --git a/src/include/pg_config_ext.h.meson b/src/include/pg_config_ext.h.meson
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..57cdfca0cfd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/include/pg_config_ext.h.meson
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+/*
+ * src/include/pg_config_ext.h.in.  This is generated manually, not by
+ * autoheader, since we want to limit which symbols get defined here.
+ */
+
+/* Define to the name of a signed 64-bit integer type. */
+#mesondefine PG_INT64_TYPE
diff --git a/src/include/storage/meson.build b/src/include/storage/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..eae9f98920e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/include/storage/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+lwlocknames = custom_target('lwlocknames',
+  input: files('../../backend/storage/lmgr/lwlocknames.txt'),
+  output: ['lwlocknames.h', 'lwlocknames.c'],
+  command: [
+    perl, files('../../backend/storage/lmgr/generate-lwlocknames.pl'),
+    '-o', '@OUTDIR@',
+    '@INPUT@'
+  ],
+  build_by_default: true,
+  install: true,
+  install_dir: [dir_include_server / 'storage', false],
+)
+
+lwlocknames_h = lwlocknames[0]
+
+generated_backend_headers += lwlocknames_h
+
+# autoconf generates the file there, ensure we get a conflict
+generated_sources_ac += {'src/backend/storage/lmgr': ['lwlocknames.c', 'lwlocknames.h']}
diff --git a/src/include/utils/meson.build b/src/include/utils/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..bded105f7ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/include/utils/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+errcodes = custom_target('errcodes',
+  input: files('../../backend/utils/errcodes.txt'),
+  output: ['errcodes.h'],
+  command: [
+    perl, files('../../backend/utils/generate-errcodes.pl'),
+    '--outfile', '@OUTPUT@',
+    '@INPUT@',
+  ],
+  install: true,
+  install_dir: dir_include_server / 'utils',
+)
+generated_headers += errcodes
+
+if dtrace.found()
+  probes_tmp = custom_target('probes.h.tmp',
+    input: files('../../backend/utils/probes.d'),
+    output: 'probes.h.tmp',
+    command: [dtrace, '-C', '-h', '-s', '@INPUT@', '-o', '@OUTPUT@'],
+  )
+  probes = custom_target('probes.h',
+    input: probes_tmp,
+    output: 'probes.h',
+    capture: true,
+    command: [sed, '-f', files('../../backend/utils/postprocess_dtrace.sed'), '@INPUT@'],
+    install: true,
+    install_dir: dir_include_server / 'utils',
+  )
+else
+  probes = custom_target('probes.h',
+    input: files('../../backend/utils/probes.d'),
+    output: 'probes.h',
+    capture: true,
+    command: [sed, '-f', files('../../backend/utils/Gen_dummy_probes.sed'), '@INPUT@'],
+    install: true,
+    install_dir: dir_include_server / 'utils',
+  )
+endif
+
+generated_backend_headers += probes
+
+fmgrtab_output = ['fmgroids.h', 'fmgrprotos.h', 'fmgrtab.c']
+fmgrtab_target = custom_target('fmgrtab',
+  input: '../catalog/pg_proc.dat',
+  output : fmgrtab_output,
+  command: [perl, '-I', '@SOURCE_ROOT@/src/backend/catalog/', files('../../backend/utils/Gen_fmgrtab.pl'), '--include-path=@SOURCE_ROOT@/src/include', '--output=@OUTDIR@', '@INPUT@'],
+  install: true,
+  install_dir: [dir_include_server / 'utils', dir_include_server / 'utils', false],
+)
+
+generated_backend_headers += fmgrtab_target[0]
+generated_backend_headers += fmgrtab_target[1]
+
+# autoconf generates the file there, ensure we get a conflict
+generated_sources_ac += {
+  'src/backend/utils': fmgrtab_output + ['errcodes.h', 'probes.h', 'fmgr-stamp'],
+  'src/include/utils': ['header-stamp'],
+}
diff --git a/src/interfaces/ecpg/compatlib/meson.build b/src/interfaces/ecpg/compatlib/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5887cb92b52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/interfaces/ecpg/compatlib/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+export_file = custom_target('libpq.exports', kwargs: gen_export_kwargs)
+
+ecpg_compat = both_libraries('libecpg_compat',
+  'informix.c',
+  include_directories: ['.', ecpg_inc, postgres_inc, libpq_inc],
+  c_args: ['-DSO_MAJOR_VERSION=3'],
+  dependencies: [frontend_code, thread_dep],
+  link_with: [ecpglib, ecpg_pgtypes],
+  soversion: host_system != 'windows' ? '3' : '',
+  darwin_versions: ['3', '3.' + pg_version_major.to_string()],
+  version: '3.' + pg_version_major.to_string(),
+  link_args: export_fmt.format(export_file.full_path()),
+  link_depends: export_file,
+  kwargs: default_lib_args,
+)
+ecpg_targets += [ecpg_compat.get_shared_lib(), ecpg_compat.get_static_lib()]
+
+pkgconfig.generate(
+  ecpg_compat.get_shared_lib(),
+  description: 'PostgreSQL libecpg_compat library',
+  url: pg_url,
+)
diff --git a/src/interfaces/ecpg/ecpglib/meson.build b/src/interfaces/ecpg/ecpglib/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2da029ec8ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/interfaces/ecpg/ecpglib/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+ecpglib_sources = files(
+  'connect.c',
+  'data.c',
+  'descriptor.c',
+  'error.c',
+  'execute.c',
+  'memory.c',
+  'misc.c',
+  'prepare.c',
+  'sqlda.c',
+  'typename.c',
+)
+
+export_file = custom_target('libpq.exports', kwargs: gen_export_kwargs)
+
+ecpglib = both_libraries('libecpg',
+  ecpglib_sources,
+  include_directories: ['.', ecpg_inc, postgres_inc],
+  c_args: ['-DSO_MAJOR_VERSION=6'],
+  dependencies: [frontend_code, libpq, thread_dep],
+  link_with: [ecpg_pgtypes],
+  soversion: host_system != 'windows' ? '6' : '',
+  darwin_versions: ['6', '6.' + pg_version_major.to_string()],
+  version: '6.' + pg_version_major.to_string(),
+  link_args: export_fmt.format(export_file.full_path()),
+  link_depends: export_file,
+  kwargs: default_lib_args,
+)
+ecpg_targets += [ecpglib.get_shared_lib(), ecpglib.get_static_lib()]
+
+pkgconfig.generate(
+  ecpglib.get_shared_lib(),
+  description: 'PostgreSQL libecpg library',
+  url: pg_url,
+)
+
+subdir('po', if_found: libintl)
diff --git a/src/interfaces/ecpg/ecpglib/po/meson.build b/src/interfaces/ecpg/ecpglib/po/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..246e399ebd3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/interfaces/ecpg/ecpglib/po/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+i18n.gettext('ecpglib' + '6' + '-' + pg_version_major.to_string())
diff --git a/src/interfaces/ecpg/include/meson.build b/src/interfaces/ecpg/include/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c95d0455b9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/interfaces/ecpg/include/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+ecpg_inc = include_directories('.')
+
+ecpg_conf_keys = [
+  'ENABLE_THREAD_SAFETY',
+  'HAVE_INT64',
+  'HAVE_LONG_INT_64',
+  'HAVE_LONG_LONG_INT_64',
+  'PG_USE_STDBOOL',
+]
+
+ecpg_conf_data = configuration_data()
+
+foreach key : ecpg_conf_keys
+  if cdata.has(key)
+    ecpg_conf_data.set(key, cdata.get(key))
+  endif
+endforeach
+
+ecpg_config_h = configure_file(
+  output: 'ecpg_config.h',
+  configuration: ecpg_conf_data,
+  install_dir: dir_include,
+)
+configure_files += ecpg_config_h
+
+generated_sources_ac += {'src/interfaces/ecpg/include': ['stamp-h']}
+
+install_headers(
+  'ecpg_informix.h',
+  'ecpgerrno.h',
+  'ecpglib.h',
+  'ecpgtype.h',
+  'pgtypes.h',
+  'pgtypes_date.h',
+  'pgtypes_error.h',
+  'pgtypes_interval.h',
+  'pgtypes_numeric.h',
+  'pgtypes_timestamp.h',
+  'sql3types.h',
+  'sqlca.h',
+  'sqlda.h',
+  'sqlda-compat.h',
+  'sqlda-native.h',
+)
+
+install_headers(
+  'datetime.h',
+  'decimal.h',
+  'sqltypes.h',
+  install_dir: dir_include_pkg / 'informix' / 'esql',
+)
diff --git a/src/interfaces/ecpg/meson.build b/src/interfaces/ecpg/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f079b42269f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/interfaces/ecpg/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+ecpg_targets = []
+
+subdir('include')
+subdir('pgtypeslib')
+subdir('ecpglib')
+subdir('compatlib')
+subdir('preproc')
+
+alias_target('ecpg', ecpg_targets)
diff --git a/src/interfaces/ecpg/pgtypeslib/meson.build b/src/interfaces/ecpg/pgtypeslib/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..96489d9f1d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/interfaces/ecpg/pgtypeslib/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+ecpg_pgtypes_sources = files(
+  'common.c',
+  'datetime.c',
+  'dt_common.c',
+  'interval.c',
+  'numeric.c',
+  'timestamp.c',
+)
+
+export_file = custom_target('libpq.exports', kwargs: gen_export_kwargs)
+
+ecpg_pgtypes = both_libraries('libpgtypes',
+  ecpg_pgtypes_sources,
+  include_directories: ['.', ecpg_inc, postgres_inc],
+  c_args: ['-DSO_MAJOR_VERSION=3'],
+  dependencies: [frontend_code],
+  version: '3.' + pg_version_major.to_string(),
+  soversion: host_system != 'windows' ? '3' : '',
+  darwin_versions: ['3', '3.' + pg_version_major.to_string()],
+  link_args: export_fmt.format(export_file.full_path()),
+  link_depends: export_file,
+  kwargs: default_lib_args,
+)
+ecpg_targets += [ecpg_pgtypes.get_shared_lib(), ecpg_pgtypes.get_static_lib()]
+
+pkgconfig.generate(
+  ecpg_pgtypes.get_shared_lib(),
+  description: 'PostgreSQL libpgtypes library',
+  url: pg_url,
+)
diff --git a/src/interfaces/ecpg/preproc/meson.build b/src/interfaces/ecpg/preproc/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1be49c8c27f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/interfaces/ecpg/preproc/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+ecpg_sources = files(
+  '../ecpglib/typename.c',
+  'c_keywords.c',
+  'descriptor.c',
+  'ecpg.c',
+  'ecpg_keywords.c',
+  'keywords.c',
+  'output.c',
+  'parser.c',
+  'type.c',
+  'variable.c',
+)
+
+pgc = custom_target('pgc.c',
+  input: 'pgc.l',
+  output: 'pgc.c',
+  command: flex_cmd,
+)
+generated_sources += pgc
+ecpg_sources += pgc
+
+ecpg_files = [
+  'ecpg.addons',
+  'ecpg.header',
+  'ecpg.tokens',
+  'ecpg.trailer',
+  'ecpg.type',
+]
+
+preproc_y = custom_target('preproc.y',
+  input: [
+    '../../../backend/parser/gram.y',
+    ecpg_files,
+  ],
+  output: ['preproc.y'],
+  command: [
+    perl, files('parse.pl'),
+    '--srcdir', '@CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR@',
+    '--parser', '@INPUT0@',
+    '--output', '@OUTPUT0@',
+  ],
+)
+generated_sources += preproc_y
+
+check_rules = custom_target('preproc.y.check_rules',
+  input: [
+    '../../../backend/parser/gram.y',
+    ecpg_files,
+  ],
+  output: 'preproc.y.check_rules',
+  command: [
+    perl, files('check_rules.pl'),
+    '--srcdir', '@CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR@',
+    '--parser', '@INPUT0@',
+    '--stamp', '@OUTPUT0@',
+  ],
+)
+
+preproc = custom_target('preproc.c',
+  input: preproc_y,
+  kwargs: bison_kw,
+)
+generated_sources += preproc.to_list()
+ecpg_sources += preproc
+
+c_kwlist = custom_target('c_kwlist_d.h',
+  input: ['c_kwlist.h'],
+  output: ['c_kwlist_d.h'],
+  depends: check_rules,
+  command: [
+    perl,
+    '-I', '@SOURCE_ROOT@/src/tools',
+    '@SOURCE_ROOT@/src/tools/gen_keywordlist.pl',
+    '--output', '@OUTDIR@',
+    '--varname', 'ScanCKeywords',
+    '--no-case-fold', '@INPUT0@',
+  ],
+)
+generated_sources += c_kwlist
+ecpg_sources += c_kwlist
+
+ecpg_kwlist = custom_target('ecpg_kwlist_d.h',
+  input: ['ecpg_kwlist.h'],
+  output: ['ecpg_kwlist_d.h'],
+  command: [
+    perl, '-I',
+    '@SOURCE_ROOT@/src/tools',
+    '@SOURCE_ROOT@/src/tools/gen_keywordlist.pl',
+    '--output', '@OUTDIR@',
+    '--varname', 'ScanECPGKeywords', '@INPUT0@',
+  ]
+)
+generated_sources += ecpg_kwlist
+ecpg_sources += ecpg_kwlist
+
+ecpg_exe = executable('ecpg',
+  ecpg_sources,
+  include_directories: ['.', ecpg_inc, postgres_inc, libpq_inc],
+  dependencies: [frontend_code],
+  kwargs: default_bin_args,
+)
+ecpg_targets += ecpg_exe
+
+subdir('po', if_found: libintl)
diff --git a/src/interfaces/ecpg/preproc/po/meson.build b/src/interfaces/ecpg/preproc/po/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d73b05afd5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/interfaces/ecpg/preproc/po/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+i18n.gettext('ecpg-' + pg_version_major.to_string())
diff --git a/src/interfaces/ecpg/test/compat_informix/meson.build b/src/interfaces/ecpg/test/compat_informix/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6bb0d980761
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/interfaces/ecpg/test/compat_informix/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+pgc_files = [
+  'charfuncs',
+  'dec_test',
+  'describe',
+  'rfmtdate',
+  'rfmtlong',
+  'rnull',
+  'sqlda',
+  'test_informix',
+  'test_informix2',
+]
+
+pgc_extra_flags = {
+  'rnull': ['-r', 'no_indicator',],
+}
+
+foreach pgc_file : pgc_files
+  exe_input = custom_target('@0@.c'.format(pgc_file),
+    input: '@0@.pgc'.format(pgc_file),
+    command: ecpg_preproc_test_command_start +
+      ['-C', 'INFORMIX',] +
+      pgc_extra_flags.get(pgc_file, []) +
+      ecpg_preproc_test_command_end,
+    kwargs: ecpg_preproc_kw,
+  )
+
+  ecpg_test_dependencies += executable(pgc_file,
+    exe_input,
+    kwargs: ecpg_test_exec_kw,
+  )
+endforeach
diff --git a/src/interfaces/ecpg/test/compat_oracle/meson.build b/src/interfaces/ecpg/test/compat_oracle/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2e8794ba386
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/interfaces/ecpg/test/compat_oracle/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+pgc_files = [
+  'char_array',
+]
+
+foreach pgc_file : pgc_files
+  exe_input = custom_target('@0@.c'.format(pgc_file),
+    input: '@0@.pgc'.format(pgc_file),
+    output: '@BASENAME@.c',
+    command: ecpg_preproc_test_command_start +
+      ['-C', 'ORACLE',] +
+      ecpg_preproc_test_command_end,
+    install: false,
+    build_by_default: false,
+  )
+
+  ecpg_test_dependencies += executable(pgc_file,
+    exe_input,
+    kwargs: ecpg_test_exec_kw,
+  )
+endforeach
diff --git a/src/interfaces/ecpg/test/connect/meson.build b/src/interfaces/ecpg/test/connect/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0b1c3593146
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/interfaces/ecpg/test/connect/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+pgc_files = [
+  'test1',
+  'test2',
+  'test3',
+  'test4',
+  'test5',
+]
+
+foreach pgc_file : pgc_files
+  exe_input = custom_target('@0@.c'.format(pgc_file),
+    input: '@0@.pgc'.format(pgc_file),
+    command: ecpg_preproc_test_command_start + ecpg_preproc_test_command_end,
+    kwargs: ecpg_preproc_kw,
+  )
+
+  ecpg_test_dependencies += executable(pgc_file,
+    exe_input,
+    kwargs: ecpg_test_exec_kw,
+  )
+endforeach
diff --git a/src/interfaces/ecpg/test/meson.build b/src/interfaces/ecpg/test/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f0ace641f0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/interfaces/ecpg/test/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+# can't run ecpg to build test dependencies, at least not without an emulator
+if meson.is_cross_build()
+  subdir_done()
+endif
+
+pg_regress_ecpg_sources = pg_regress_c + files(
+  'pg_regress_ecpg.c',
+)
+
+pg_regress_ecpg = executable('pg_regress_ecpg',
+  pg_regress_ecpg_sources,
+  c_args: pg_regress_cflags,
+  include_directories: [pg_regress_inc, include_directories('.')],
+  dependencies: [frontend_code],
+  kwargs: default_bin_args + {
+    'install': false
+  },
+)
+testprep_targets += pg_regress_ecpg
+
+# create .c files and executables from .pgc files
+ecpg_test_exec_kw = {
+  'dependencies': [frontend_code, libpq],
+  'include_directories': [ecpg_inc],
+  'link_with': [ecpglib, ecpg_compat, ecpg_pgtypes],
+  'build_by_default': false,
+  'install': false,
+}
+
+ecpg_preproc_kw = {
+  'output': '@BASENAME@.c',
+  'install': false,
+  'build_by_default': false,
+}
+
+ecpg_preproc_test_command_start = [
+  ecpg_exe,
+  '--regression',
+  '-I@CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR@',
+  '-I@SOURCE_ROOT@' + '/src/interfaces/ecpg/include/',
+]
+ecpg_preproc_test_command_end = [
+  '-o', '@OUTPUT@', '@INPUT@'
+]
+
+ecpg_test_dependencies = []
+
+subdir('compat_informix')
+subdir('compat_oracle')
+subdir('connect')
+subdir('pgtypeslib')
+subdir('preproc')
+subdir('sql')
+subdir('thread')
+
+testprep_targets += ecpg_test_dependencies
+
+ecpg_test_files = files(
+  'ecpg_schedule',
+)
+
+ecpg_regress_args = [
+  '--dbname=ecpg1_regression,ecpg2_regression',
+  '--create-role=regress_ecpg_user1,regress_ecpg_user2',
+  '--encoding=SQL_ASCII',
+]
+
+tests += {
+  'name': 'ecpg',
+  'sd': meson.current_source_dir(),
+  'bd': meson.current_build_dir(),
+  'ecpg': {
+    'expecteddir': meson.current_source_dir(),
+    'inputdir': meson.current_build_dir(),
+    'schedule': ecpg_test_files,
+    'sql': [
+      'sql/twophase',
+    ],
+    'test_kwargs': {
+      'depends': ecpg_test_dependencies,
+    },
+    'regress_args': ecpg_regress_args,
+  },
+}
diff --git a/src/interfaces/ecpg/test/pgtypeslib/meson.build b/src/interfaces/ecpg/test/pgtypeslib/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2957f12abfc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/interfaces/ecpg/test/pgtypeslib/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+pgc_files = [
+  'dt_test',
+  'dt_test2',
+  'num_test',
+  'num_test2',
+  'nan_test',
+]
+
+foreach pgc_file : pgc_files
+  exe_input = custom_target('@0@.c'.format(pgc_file),
+    input: '@0@.pgc'.format(pgc_file),
+    command: ecpg_preproc_test_command_start +
+      ecpg_preproc_test_command_end,
+    kwargs: ecpg_preproc_kw,
+  )
+
+  ecpg_test_dependencies += executable(pgc_file,
+    exe_input,
+    kwargs: ecpg_test_exec_kw,
+  )
+endforeach
diff --git a/src/interfaces/ecpg/test/preproc/meson.build b/src/interfaces/ecpg/test/preproc/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0608df2f2a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/interfaces/ecpg/test/preproc/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+pgc_files = [
+  'array_of_struct',
+  'autoprep',
+  'comment',
+  'cursor',
+  'define',
+  'init',
+  'outofscope',
+  'pointer_to_struct',
+  'strings',
+  'type',
+  'variable',
+  'whenever',
+  'whenever_do_continue',
+]
+
+pgc_extra_flags = {
+  'array_of_struct': ['-c'],
+  'pointer_to_struct': ['-c'],
+  'autoprep': ['-r', 'prepare'],
+  'strings': ['-i'],
+}
+
+foreach pgc_file : pgc_files
+  exe_input = custom_target('@0@.c'.format(pgc_file),
+    input: '@0@.pgc'.format(pgc_file),
+    command: ecpg_preproc_test_command_start +
+      pgc_extra_flags.get(pgc_file, []) +
+      ecpg_preproc_test_command_end,
+    kwargs: ecpg_preproc_kw,
+  )
+
+  ecpg_test_dependencies += executable(pgc_file,
+    exe_input,
+    kwargs: ecpg_test_exec_kw,
+  )
+endforeach
diff --git a/src/interfaces/ecpg/test/sql/meson.build b/src/interfaces/ecpg/test/sql/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..bec7d4ed8f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/interfaces/ecpg/test/sql/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+pgc_files = [
+  'array',
+  'binary',
+  'bytea',
+  'code100',
+  'copystdout',
+  'createtableas',
+  'declare',
+  'define',
+  'desc',
+  'describe',
+  'dynalloc',
+  'dynalloc2',
+  'dyntest',
+  'execute',
+  'fetch',
+  'func',
+  'indicators',
+  'insupd',
+  'oldexec',
+  'parser',
+  'prepareas',
+  'quote',
+  'show',
+  'sqlda',
+  'twophase',
+]
+
+pgc_extra_flags = {
+  'oldexec': ['-r', 'questionmarks'],
+}
+
+foreach pgc_file : pgc_files
+  exe_input = custom_target('@0@.c'.format(pgc_file),
+    input: '@0@.pgc'.format(pgc_file),
+    command: ecpg_preproc_test_command_start +
+      pgc_extra_flags.get(pgc_file, []) +
+      ecpg_preproc_test_command_end,
+    kwargs: ecpg_preproc_kw,
+  )
+
+  ecpg_test_dependencies += executable(pgc_file,
+    exe_input,
+    kwargs: ecpg_test_exec_kw,
+  )
+endforeach
diff --git a/src/interfaces/ecpg/test/thread/meson.build b/src/interfaces/ecpg/test/thread/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2f1629e266b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/interfaces/ecpg/test/thread/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+pgc_files = [
+  'thread_implicit',
+  'thread',
+  'prep',
+  'descriptor',
+  'alloc',
+]
+
+foreach pgc_file : pgc_files
+  exe_input = custom_target('@0@.c'.format(pgc_file),
+    input: '@0@.pgc'.format(pgc_file),
+    command: ecpg_preproc_test_command_start +
+      ecpg_preproc_test_command_end,
+    kwargs: ecpg_preproc_kw,
+  )
+
+  ecpg_test_dependencies += executable(pgc_file,
+    exe_input,
+    kwargs: ecpg_test_exec_kw + {'dependencies': [frontend_code, libpq, thread_dep,]},
+  )
+endforeach
diff --git a/src/interfaces/libpq/meson.build b/src/interfaces/libpq/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..bc047e00d62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/interfaces/libpq/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+# test/ is entered via top-level meson.build, that way it can use the default
+# args for executables (which depend on libpq).
+
+libpq_sources = files(
+  'fe-auth-scram.c',
+  'fe-auth.c',
+  'fe-connect.c',
+  'fe-exec.c',
+  'fe-lobj.c',
+  'fe-misc.c',
+  'fe-print.c',
+  'fe-protocol3.c',
+  'fe-secure.c',
+  'fe-trace.c',
+  'legacy-pqsignal.c',
+  'libpq-events.c',
+  'pqexpbuffer.c',
+)
+
+if host_system == 'windows'
+  libpq_sources += files('pthread-win32.c', 'win32.c')
+endif
+
+if ssl.found()
+  libpq_sources += files('fe-secure-common.c')
+  libpq_sources += files('fe-secure-openssl.c')
+endif
+
+if gssapi.found()
+  libpq_sources += files(
+    'fe-gssapi-common.c',
+    'fe-secure-gssapi.c',
+  )
+endif
+
+export_file = custom_target('libpq.exports',
+  kwargs: gen_export_kwargs,
+)
+
+# port needs to be in include path due to pthread-win32.h
+libpq_inc = include_directories('.', '../../port')
+
+libpq_st = static_library('libpq',
+  libpq_sources,
+  pic: true,
+  include_directories: [libpq_inc, postgres_inc],
+  c_args: ['-DSO_MAJOR_VERSION=5'],
+  dependencies: libpq_deps,
+  kwargs: default_lib_args,
+)
+
+# not using both_libraries here, causes problems with precompiled headers and
+# resource files with msbuild
+libpq_so = shared_library('libpq',
+  dependencies: libpq_deps,
+  include_directories: [libpq_inc, postgres_inc],
+  c_args: ['-DSO_MAJOR_VERSION=5'],
+  link_whole: libpq_st,
+  version: '5.' + pg_version_major.to_string(),
+  soversion: host_system != 'windows' ? '5' : '',
+  darwin_versions: ['5', '5.' + pg_version_major.to_string()],
+  link_depends: export_file,
+  link_args: export_fmt.format(export_file.full_path()),
+  kwargs: default_lib_args,
+)
+
+libpq = declare_dependency(
+  link_with: [libpq_so],
+  include_directories: [include_directories('.')]
+)
+
+pkgconfig.generate(
+  libpq_so,
+  name: 'libpq',
+  description: 'PostgreSQL libpq library',
+  url: pg_url,
+)
+
+install_headers(
+  'libpq-fe.h',
+  'libpq-events.h',
+)
+
+install_headers(
+  'libpq-int.h',
+  'pqexpbuffer.h',
+  'fe-auth-sasl.h',
+  install_dir: dir_include_internal,
+)
+install_data('pg_service.conf.sample',
+  install_dir: dir_data,
+)
+
+
+tests += {
+  'name': 'libpq',
+  'sd': meson.current_source_dir(),
+  'bd': meson.current_build_dir(),
+  'tap': {
+    'tests': [
+      't/001_uri.pl',
+      't/002_api.pl',
+    ],
+    'env': {'with_ssl': get_option('ssl')},
+  },
+}
+
+subdir('po', if_found: libintl)
diff --git a/src/interfaces/libpq/po/meson.build b/src/interfaces/libpq/po/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..eed91110fd6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/interfaces/libpq/po/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+i18n.gettext('libpq' + '5' + '-' + pg_version_major.to_string())
diff --git a/src/interfaces/libpq/test/meson.build b/src/interfaces/libpq/test/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..16f94c1ed8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/interfaces/libpq/test/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+executable('libpq_uri_regress',
+  files('libpq_uri_regress.c'),
+  dependencies: [frontend_code, libpq],
+  kwargs: default_bin_args + {
+    'install': false,
+  }
+)
+
+executable('libpq_testclient',
+  files('libpq_testclient.c'),
+  dependencies: [frontend_code, libpq],
+  kwargs: default_bin_args + {
+    'install': false,
+  }
+)
diff --git a/src/interfaces/meson.build b/src/interfaces/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..73fffbee394
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/interfaces/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+# NB: libpq is entered directly from the toplevel meson file
+subdir('ecpg')
diff --git a/src/meson.build b/src/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b515af15bfa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# libraries that other subsystems might depend upon first, in their respective
+# dependency order
+
+subdir('timezone')
+
+subdir('backend')
+
+subdir('bin')
+
+subdir('pl')
+
+subdir('interfaces')
diff --git a/src/pl/meson.build b/src/pl/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d9a57465441
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pl/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+subdir('plpgsql')
+
+subdir('plperl')
+subdir('plpython')
+subdir('tcl')
diff --git a/src/pl/plperl/meson.build b/src/pl/plperl/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..73b733dd50b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pl/plperl/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+if not perl_dep.found()
+  subdir_done()
+endif
+
+plperl_sources = files(
+  'plperl.c',
+)
+
+subppdir = run_command(perl, '-e', 'use List::Util qw(first); print first { -r "$_/ExtUtils/xsubpp" } @INC',
+  check: true).stdout()
+xsubpp = '@0@/ExtUtils/xsubpp'.format(subppdir)
+typemap = '@0@/ExtUtils/typemap'.format(privlibexp)
+
+plperl_sources += custom_target('perlchunks.h',
+  input: files('plc_perlboot.pl', 'plc_trusted.pl'),
+  output: 'perlchunks.h',
+  capture: true,
+  command: [perl, files('text2macro.pl'), '--strip=^(\#.*|\s*)$', '@INPUT@']
+)
+
+plperl_sources += custom_target('plperl_opmask.h',
+  input: files('plperl_opmask.pl'),
+  output: 'plperl_opmask.h',
+  command: [perl, '@INPUT@', '@OUTPUT@']
+)
+
+foreach n : ['SPI', 'Util']
+  xs = files(n + '.xs')
+  xs_c_name = n + '.c'
+  xs_c = custom_target(xs_c_name,
+    input: xs,
+    output: xs_c_name,
+    command: [perl, xsubpp, '-typemap', typemap, '-output', '@OUTPUT@', '@INPUT@']
+  )
+  plperl_sources += xs_c
+endforeach
+
+plperl_inc = include_directories('.')
+plperl = shared_module('plperl',
+  plperl_sources,
+  include_directories: [plperl_inc, postgres_inc],
+  kwargs: pg_mod_args + {
+    'dependencies': [perl_dep, pg_mod_args['dependencies']],
+    'install_rpath': ':'.join(mod_install_rpaths + ['@0@/CORE'.format(archlibexp)]),
+    'build_rpath': '@0@/CORE'.format(archlibexp),
+  },
+)
+pl_targets += plperl
+
+install_data(
+  'plperl.control',
+  'plperl--1.0.sql',
+  install_dir: dir_data_extension,
+)
+
+install_data(
+  'plperlu.control',
+  'plperlu--1.0.sql',
+  install_dir: dir_data_extension,
+)
+
+install_headers(
+  'plperl.h',
+  'ppport.h',
+  install_dir: dir_include_server,
+)
+
+tests += {
+  'name': 'plperl',
+  'sd': meson.current_source_dir(),
+  'bd': meson.current_build_dir(),
+  'regress': {
+    'sql': [
+      'plperl_setup',
+      'plperl',
+      'plperl_lc',
+      'plperl_trigger',
+      'plperl_shared',
+      'plperl_elog',
+      'plperl_util',
+      'plperl_init',
+      'plperlu',
+      'plperl_array',
+      'plperl_call',
+      'plperl_transaction',
+    ],
+  },
+}
+
+subdir('po', if_found: libintl)
diff --git a/src/pl/plperl/po/meson.build b/src/pl/plperl/po/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fe0a715bdf0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pl/plperl/po/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+i18n.gettext('plperl-' + pg_version_major.to_string())
diff --git a/src/pl/plpgsql/meson.build b/src/pl/plpgsql/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9537275d67c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pl/plpgsql/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+subdir('src')
diff --git a/src/pl/plpgsql/src/meson.build b/src/pl/plpgsql/src/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..dd499fdd151
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pl/plpgsql/src/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+plpgsql_sources = files(
+  'pl_comp.c',
+  'pl_exec.c',
+  'pl_funcs.c',
+  'pl_handler.c',
+  'pl_scanner.c',
+)
+
+pl_gram = custom_target('gram',
+  input: 'pl_gram.y',
+  kwargs: bison_kw,
+)
+generated_sources += pl_gram.to_list()
+plpgsql_sources += pl_gram
+
+gen_plerrcodes = files('generate-plerrcodes.pl')
+pl_errcodes = custom_target('plerrcodes',
+  input: ['../../../../src/backend/utils/errcodes.txt'],
+  output: ['plerrcodes.h'],
+  command: [perl, gen_plerrcodes, '@INPUT0@'],
+  capture: true,
+)
+generated_sources += pl_errcodes
+plpgsql_sources += pl_errcodes
+
+gen_keywordlist = files('../../../../src/tools/gen_keywordlist.pl')
+pl_reserved = custom_target('pl_reserved_kwlist',
+  input: ['pl_reserved_kwlist.h'],
+  output: ['pl_reserved_kwlist_d.h'],
+  command: [perl, '-I', '@SOURCE_ROOT@/src/tools', gen_keywordlist, '--output', '@OUTDIR@', '--varname', 'ReservedPLKeywords', '@INPUT@']
+)
+generated_sources += pl_reserved
+plpgsql_sources += pl_reserved
+
+pl_unreserved = custom_target('pl_unreserved_kwlist',
+  input: ['pl_unreserved_kwlist.h'],
+  output: ['pl_unreserved_kwlist_d.h'],
+  command: [perl, '-I', '@SOURCE_ROOT@/src/tools', gen_keywordlist, '--output', '@OUTDIR@', '--varname', 'UnreservedPLKeywords', '@INPUT@']
+)
+generated_sources += pl_unreserved
+plpgsql_sources += pl_unreserved
+
+plpgsql = shared_module('plpgsql',
+  plpgsql_sources,
+  include_directories: include_directories('.'),
+  kwargs: pg_mod_args,
+)
+pl_targets += plpgsql
+
+install_data(
+  'plpgsql.control',
+  'plpgsql--1.0.sql',
+  install_dir: dir_data_extension,
+)
+
+install_headers(
+  'plpgsql.h',
+  install_dir: dir_include_server
+)
+
+
+tests += {
+  'name': 'plpgsql',
+  'sd': meson.current_source_dir(),
+  'bd': meson.current_build_dir(),
+  'regress': {
+    'sql': [
+      'plpgsql_array',
+      'plpgsql_call',
+      'plpgsql_control',
+      'plpgsql_copy',
+      'plpgsql_domain',
+      'plpgsql_record',
+      'plpgsql_cache',
+      'plpgsql_simple',
+      'plpgsql_transaction',
+      'plpgsql_trap',
+      'plpgsql_trigger',
+      'plpgsql_varprops',
+    ],
+  },
+}
+
+subdir('po', if_found: libintl)
diff --git a/src/pl/plpgsql/src/po/meson.build b/src/pl/plpgsql/src/po/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..29e0b74488f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pl/plpgsql/src/po/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+i18n.gettext('plpgsql-' + pg_version_major.to_string())
diff --git a/src/pl/plpython/meson.build b/src/pl/plpython/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..366b3b171ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pl/plpython/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+if not python3_dep.found()
+  subdir_done()
+endif
+
+plpython_sources = files(
+  'plpy_cursorobject.c',
+  'plpy_elog.c',
+  'plpy_exec.c',
+  'plpy_main.c',
+  'plpy_planobject.c',
+  'plpy_plpymodule.c',
+  'plpy_procedure.c',
+  'plpy_resultobject.c',
+  'plpy_spi.c',
+  'plpy_subxactobject.c',
+  'plpy_typeio.c',
+  'plpy_util.c',
+)
+
+plpython_sources += custom_target('spiexceptions.h',
+  input: files('../../backend/utils/errcodes.txt'),
+  output: 'spiexceptions.h',
+  command: [perl, files('generate-spiexceptions.pl'), '@INPUT@'],
+  capture: true,
+)
+
+
+# FIXME: need to duplicate import library ugliness?
+plpython_inc = include_directories('.')
+
+plpython = shared_module('plpython3',
+  plpython_sources,
+  include_directories: [plpython_inc, postgres_inc],
+  kwargs: pg_mod_args + {
+    'dependencies': [python3_dep, pg_mod_args['dependencies']],
+  },
+)
+pl_targets += plpython
+
+# FIXME: Only install the relevant versions
+install_data(
+  'plpython3u.control',
+  'plpython3u--1.0.sql',
+  install_dir: dir_data_extension,
+)
+
+install_headers(
+  'plpy_cursorobject.h',
+  'plpy_elog.h',
+  'plpy_exec.h',
+  'plpy_main.h',
+  'plpy_planobject.h',
+  'plpy_plpymodule.h',
+  'plpy_procedure.h',
+  'plpy_resultobject.h',
+  'plpy_spi.h',
+  'plpy_subxactobject.h',
+  'plpy_typeio.h',
+  'plpy_util.h',
+  'plpython.h',
+  install_dir: dir_include_server,
+)
+
+plpython_regress = [
+  'plpython_schema',
+  'plpython_populate',
+  'plpython_test',
+  'plpython_do',
+  'plpython_global',
+  'plpython_import',
+  'plpython_spi',
+  'plpython_newline',
+  'plpython_void',
+  'plpython_call',
+  'plpython_params',
+  'plpython_setof',
+  'plpython_record',
+  'plpython_trigger',
+  'plpython_types',
+  'plpython_error',
+  'plpython_ereport',
+  'plpython_unicode',
+  'plpython_quote',
+  'plpython_composite',
+  'plpython_subtransaction',
+  'plpython_transaction',
+  'plpython_drop',
+]
+
+tests += {
+  'name': 'plpython',
+  'sd': meson.current_source_dir(),
+  'bd': meson.current_build_dir(),
+  'regress': {
+    'sql': plpython_regress,
+  },
+}
+
+subdir('po', if_found: libintl)
diff --git a/src/pl/plpython/po/meson.build b/src/pl/plpython/po/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..542e27fbe1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pl/plpython/po/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+i18n.gettext('plpython-' + pg_version_major.to_string())
diff --git a/src/pl/tcl/meson.build b/src/pl/tcl/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9b6addd7fd5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pl/tcl/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+if not tcl_dep.found()
+  subdir_done()
+endif
+
+pltcl_sources = files(
+  'pltcl.c',
+)
+
+gen_pltclerrcodes = files('generate-pltclerrcodes.pl')
+pltcl_sources += custom_target('pltclerrcodes.h',
+  input: files('../../backend/utils/errcodes.txt'),
+  output: 'pltclerrcodes.h',
+  capture: true,
+  command: [perl, gen_pltclerrcodes, '@INPUT@']
+)
+
+pltcl = shared_module('pltcl',
+  pltcl_sources,
+  include_directories: [include_directories('.'), postgres_inc],
+  kwargs: pg_mod_args + {
+    'dependencies': [tcl_dep, pg_mod_args['dependencies']],
+  },
+)
+pl_targets += pltcl
+
+install_data(
+  'pltcl.control',
+  'pltcl--1.0.sql',
+  'pltclu.control',
+  'pltclu--1.0.sql',
+  install_dir: dir_data_extension,
+)
+
+pltcl_regress = [
+  'pltcl_setup',
+  'pltcl_queries',
+  'pltcl_trigger',
+  'pltcl_call',
+  'pltcl_start_proc',
+  'pltcl_subxact',
+  'pltcl_unicode',
+  'pltcl_transaction',
+]
+
+tests += {
+  'name': 'pltcl',
+  'sd': meson.current_source_dir(),
+  'bd': meson.current_build_dir(),
+  'regress': {
+    'sql': pltcl_regress,
+    'regress_args': ['--load-extension=pltcl'],
+  },
+}
+
+subdir('po', if_found: libintl)
diff --git a/src/pl/tcl/po/meson.build b/src/pl/tcl/po/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..cc23ef1eb3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pl/tcl/po/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+i18n.gettext('pltcl-' + pg_version_major.to_string())
diff --git a/src/port/meson.build b/src/port/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ced2e014db8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/port/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+pgport_sources = [
+  'bsearch_arg.c',
+  'chklocale.c',
+  'inet_net_ntop.c',
+  'noblock.c',
+  'path.c',
+  'pg_bitutils.c',
+  'pg_strong_random.c',
+  'pgcheckdir.c',
+  'pgmkdirp.c',
+  'pgsleep.c',
+  'pgstrcasecmp.c',
+  'pgstrsignal.c',
+  'pqsignal.c',
+  'qsort.c',
+  'qsort_arg.c',
+  'quotes.c',
+  'snprintf.c',
+  'strerror.c',
+  'tar.c',
+  'thread.c',
+]
+
+if host_system == 'windows'
+  pgport_sources += files(
+    'dirmod.c',
+    'kill.c',
+    'open.c',
+    'system.c',
+    'win32dlopen.c',
+    'win32env.c',
+    'win32error.c',
+    'win32fdatasync.c',
+    'win32getrusage.c',
+    'win32link.c',
+    'win32ntdll.c',
+    'win32pread.c',
+    'win32pwrite.c',
+    'win32security.c',
+    'win32setlocale.c',
+    'win32stat.c',
+  )
+endif
+
+if cc.get_id() == 'msvc'
+  pgport_sources += files(
+    'dirent.c',
+    'win32gettimeofday.c',
+  )
+endif
+
+# Replacement functionality to be built if corresponding configure symbol
+# is false
+replace_funcs_neg = [
+  ['explicit_bzero'],
+  ['getopt'],
+  ['getopt_long'],
+  ['getpeereid'],
+  ['inet_aton'],
+  ['mkdtemp'],
+  ['preadv', 'HAVE_DECL_PREADV'],
+  ['pwritev', 'HAVE_DECL_PWRITEV'],
+  ['strlcat'],
+  ['strlcpy'],
+  ['strnlen'],
+]
+
+if host_system != 'windows'
+  replace_funcs_neg += [['pthread_barrier_wait']]
+endif
+
+# Replacement functionality to be built if corresponding configure symbol
+# is true
+replace_funcs_pos = [
+  # x86/x64
+  ['pg_crc32c_sse42', 'USE_SSE42_CRC32C'],
+  ['pg_crc32c_sse42', 'USE_SSE42_CRC32C_WITH_RUNTIME_CHECK', 'crc'],
+  ['pg_crc32c_sse42_choose', 'USE_SSE42_CRC32C_WITH_RUNTIME_CHECK'],
+  ['pg_crc32c_sb8', 'USE_SSE42_CRC32C_WITH_RUNTIME_CHECK'],
+
+  # arm / aarch64
+  ['pg_crc32c_armv8', 'USE_ARMV8_CRC32C'],
+  ['pg_crc32c_armv8', 'USE_ARMV8_CRC32C_WITH_RUNTIME_CHECK', 'crc'],
+  ['pg_crc32c_armv8_choose', 'USE_ARMV8_CRC32C_WITH_RUNTIME_CHECK'],
+  ['pg_crc32c_sb8', 'USE_ARMV8_CRC32C_WITH_RUNTIME_CHECK'],
+
+  # generic fallback
+  ['pg_crc32c_sb8', 'USE_SLICING_BY_8_CRC32C'],
+]
+
+pgport_cflags = {'crc': cflags_crc}
+pgport_sources_cflags = {'crc': []}
+
+foreach f : replace_funcs_neg
+  func = f.get(0)
+  varname = f.get(1, 'HAVE_@0@'.format(func.to_upper()))
+  filename = '@0@.c'.format(func)
+
+  val = '@0@'.format(cdata.get(varname, 'false'))
+  if val == 'false' or val == '0'
+    pgport_sources += files(filename)
+  endif
+endforeach
+
+foreach f : replace_funcs_pos
+  func = f.get(0)
+  varname = f.get(1, 'HAVE_@0@'.format(func.to_upper()))
+  filename = '@0@.c'.format(func)
+
+  val = '@0@'.format(cdata.get(varname, 'false'))
+  if val == 'true' or val == '1'
+    src = files(filename)
+    if f.length() > 2
+      pgport_sources_cflags += {f[2]: pgport_sources_cflags[f[2]] + src}
+    else
+      pgport_sources += src
+    endif
+  endif
+endforeach
+
+
+if (host_system == 'windows' or host_system == 'cygwin') and \
+  (cc.get_id() != 'msvc' or cc.version().version_compare('<14.0'))
+
+  # Cygwin and (apparently, based on test results) Mingw both
+  # have a broken strtof(), so substitute its implementation.
+  # That's not a perfect fix, since it doesn't avoid double-rounding,
+  # but we have no better options.
+  pgport_sources += files('strtof.c')
+  message('On @0@ with compiler @1@ @2@ we will use our strtof wrapper.'.format(
+    host_system, cc.get_id(), cc.version()))
+endif
+
+
+
+# Build pgport once for backend, once for use in frontend binaries, and once
+# for use in shared libraries
+pgport = {}
+pgport_variants = {
+  '_srv': internal_lib_args + {
+    'dependencies': [backend_port_code],
+  },
+  '': default_lib_args + {
+    'dependencies': [frontend_port_code],
+  },
+  '_shlib': default_lib_args + {
+    'pic': true,
+    'dependencies': [frontend_port_code],
+  },
+}
+
+foreach name, opts : pgport_variants
+
+  # Build internal static libraries for sets of files that need to be built
+  # with different cflags
+  cflag_libs = []
+  foreach cflagname, sources : pgport_sources_cflags
+    if sources.length() == 0
+      continue
+    endif
+    c_args = opts.get('c_args', []) + pgport_cflags[cflagname]
+    cflag_libs += static_library('libpgport@0@_@1@'.format(name, cflagname),
+      sources,
+      kwargs: opts + {
+        'c_args': c_args,
+        'build_by_default': false,
+        'install': false,
+      },
+    )
+  endforeach
+
+  lib = static_library('libpgport@0@'.format(name),
+      pgport_sources,
+      link_with: cflag_libs,
+      kwargs: opts + {
+        'dependencies': opts['dependencies'] + [ssl],
+      }
+    )
+  pgport += {name: lib}
+endforeach
+
+pgport_srv = pgport['_srv']
+pgport_static = pgport['']
+pgport_shlib = pgport['_shlib']
diff --git a/src/test/authentication/meson.build b/src/test/authentication/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2374028cbda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/authentication/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+tests += {
+  'name': 'authentication',
+  'sd': meson.current_source_dir(),
+  'bd': meson.current_build_dir(),
+  'tap': {
+    'tests': [
+      't/001_password.pl',
+      't/002_saslprep.pl',
+    ],
+  },
+}
diff --git a/src/test/icu/meson.build b/src/test/icu/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5a4f53f37ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/icu/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+tests += {
+  'name': 'icu',
+  'sd': meson.current_source_dir(),
+  'bd': meson.current_build_dir(),
+  'tap': {
+    'tests': [
+      't/010_database.pl',
+    ],
+    'env': {'with_icu': icu.found() ? 'yes' : 'no'},
+  },
+}
diff --git a/src/test/isolation/meson.build b/src/test/isolation/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c7656fd4609
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/isolation/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+# pg_regress_c helpfully provided by regress/meson.build
+
+isolation_sources = pg_regress_c + files(
+  'isolation_main.c',
+)
+
+isolationtester_sources = files(
+  'isolationtester.c',
+)
+
+spec_scanner = custom_target('specscanner',
+  input: 'specscanner.l',
+  output: 'specscanner.c',
+  command: flex_cmd,
+)
+isolationtester_sources += spec_scanner
+generated_sources += spec_scanner
+
+spec_parser = custom_target('specparse',
+  input: 'specparse.y',
+  kwargs: bison_kw,
+)
+isolationtester_sources += spec_parser
+generated_sources += spec_parser.to_list()
+
+pg_isolation_regress = executable('pg_isolation_regress',
+  isolation_sources,
+  c_args: pg_regress_cflags,
+  include_directories: pg_regress_inc,
+  dependencies: frontend_code,
+  kwargs: default_bin_args + {
+    'install_dir': dir_pgxs / 'src/test/isolation',
+  },
+)
+bin_targets += pg_isolation_regress
+
+isolationtester = executable('isolationtester',
+  isolationtester_sources,
+  include_directories: include_directories('.'),
+  dependencies: [frontend_code, libpq],
+  kwargs: default_bin_args + {
+    'install_dir': dir_pgxs / 'src/test/isolation',
+  },
+)
+bin_targets += isolationtester
+
+tests += {
+  'name': 'main',
+  'sd': meson.current_source_dir(),
+  'bd': meson.current_build_dir(),
+  'isolation': {
+    'schedule': files('isolation_schedule'),
+    'test_kwargs': {
+      'priority': 40,
+      'timeout': 1000,
+    },
+  },
+}
diff --git a/src/test/kerberos/meson.build b/src/test/kerberos/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7e2b6733fcc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/kerberos/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+tests += {
+  'name': 'kerberos',
+  'sd': meson.current_source_dir(),
+  'bd': meson.current_build_dir(),
+  'tap': {
+    'test_kwargs': {'priority': 40}, # kerberos tests are slow, start early
+    'tests': [
+      't/001_auth.pl',
+    ],
+    'env': {
+      'with_gssapi': gssapi.found() ? 'yes' : 'no',
+      'with_krb_srvnam': 'postgres',
+    },
+  },
+}
diff --git a/src/test/ldap/meson.build b/src/test/ldap/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2211bd5e3ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/ldap/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+tests += {
+  'name': 'ldap',
+  'sd': meson.current_source_dir(),
+  'bd': meson.current_build_dir(),
+  'tap': {
+    'tests': [
+      't/001_auth.pl',
+    ],
+    'env': {'with_ldap': ldap.found() ? 'yes' : 'no'},
+  },
+}
diff --git a/src/test/meson.build b/src/test/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..241d9d48aa5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+subdir('regress')
+subdir('isolation')
+
+subdir('authentication')
+subdir('recovery')
+subdir('subscription')
+subdir('modules')
+
+if ssl.found()
+  subdir('ssl')
+endif
+
+if ldap.found()
+  subdir('ldap')
+endif
+
+if gssapi.found()
+  subdir('kerberos')
+endif
+
+if icu.found()
+  subdir('icu')
+endif
+
+subdir('perl')
diff --git a/src/test/modules/brin/meson.build b/src/test/modules/brin/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..58254d093a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/modules/brin/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+tests += {
+  'name': 'brin',
+  'sd': meson.current_source_dir(),
+  'bd': meson.current_build_dir(),
+  'isolation': {
+    'specs': [
+      'summarization-and-inprogress-insertion',
+    ],
+  },
+  'tap': {
+    'tests': [
+      't/01_workitems.pl',
+      't/02_wal_consistency.pl',
+    ],
+  },
+}
diff --git a/src/test/modules/commit_ts/meson.build b/src/test/modules/commit_ts/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..60cb12164d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/modules/commit_ts/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+tests += {
+  'name': 'commit_ts',
+  'sd': meson.current_source_dir(),
+  'bd': meson.current_build_dir(),
+  'regress': {
+    'sql': [
+      'commit_timestamp',
+    ],
+  },
+  'tap': {
+    'tests': [
+      't/001_base.pl',
+      't/002_standby.pl',
+      't/003_standby_2.pl',
+      't/004_restart.pl',
+    ],
+  },
+}
diff --git a/src/test/modules/delay_execution/meson.build b/src/test/modules/delay_execution/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..cf4bdaba637
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/modules/delay_execution/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# FIXME: prevent install during main install, but not during test :/
+delay_execution = shared_module('delay_execution',
+  ['delay_execution.c'],
+  kwargs: pg_mod_args,
+)
+testprep_targets += delay_execution
+
+tests += {
+  'name': 'delay_execution',
+  'sd': meson.current_source_dir(),
+  'bd': meson.current_build_dir(),
+  'isolation': {
+    'specs': [
+      'partition-addition',
+      'partition-removal-1',
+    ],
+  },
+}
diff --git a/src/test/modules/dummy_index_am/meson.build b/src/test/modules/dummy_index_am/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..56ff5f48001
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/modules/dummy_index_am/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# FIXME: prevent install during main install, but not during test :/
+dummy_index_am = shared_module('dummy_index_am',
+  ['dummy_index_am.c'],
+  kwargs: pg_mod_args,
+)
+testprep_targets += dummy_index_am
+
+install_data(
+  'dummy_index_am.control',
+  'dummy_index_am--1.0.sql',
+  kwargs: contrib_data_args,
+)
+
+tests += {
+  'name': 'dummy_index_am',
+  'sd': meson.current_source_dir(),
+  'bd': meson.current_build_dir(),
+  'regress': {
+    'sql': [
+      'reloptions',
+    ],
+  },
+}
diff --git a/src/test/modules/dummy_seclabel/meson.build b/src/test/modules/dummy_seclabel/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..21b7cf8f353
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/modules/dummy_seclabel/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# FIXME: prevent install during main install, but not during test :/
+dummy_seclabel = shared_module('dummy_seclabel',
+  ['dummy_seclabel.c'],
+  kwargs: pg_mod_args,
+)
+testprep_targets += dummy_seclabel
+
+install_data(
+  'dummy_seclabel.control',
+  'dummy_seclabel--1.0.sql',
+  kwargs: contrib_data_args,
+)
+
+tests += {
+  'name': 'dummy_seclabel',
+  'sd': meson.current_source_dir(),
+  'bd': meson.current_build_dir(),
+  'regress': {
+    'sql': [
+      'dummy_seclabel',
+    ],
+  },
+}
diff --git a/src/test/modules/libpq_pipeline/meson.build b/src/test/modules/libpq_pipeline/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8384b6e3b2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/modules/libpq_pipeline/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+libpq_pipeline = executable('libpq_pipeline',
+  files(
+    'libpq_pipeline.c',
+  ),
+  dependencies: [frontend_code, libpq],
+  kwargs: default_bin_args + {
+    'install': false,
+  },
+)
+testprep_targets += libpq_pipeline
+
+tests += {
+  'name': 'libpq_pipeline',
+  'sd': meson.current_source_dir(),
+  'bd': meson.current_build_dir(),
+  'tap': {
+    'tests': [
+      't/001_libpq_pipeline.pl',
+    ],
+  },
+}
diff --git a/src/test/modules/meson.build b/src/test/modules/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a80e6e2ce29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/modules/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+subdir('brin')
+subdir('commit_ts')
+subdir('delay_execution')
+subdir('dummy_index_am')
+subdir('dummy_seclabel')
+subdir('libpq_pipeline')
+subdir('plsample')
+subdir('snapshot_too_old')
+subdir('spgist_name_ops')
+subdir('ssl_passphrase_callback')
+subdir('test_bloomfilter')
+subdir('test_ddl_deparse')
+subdir('test_extensions')
+subdir('test_ginpostinglist')
+subdir('test_integerset')
+subdir('test_lfind')
+subdir('test_misc')
+subdir('test_oat_hooks')
+subdir('test_parser')
+subdir('test_pg_dump')
+subdir('test_predtest')
+subdir('test_rbtree')
+subdir('test_regex')
+subdir('test_rls_hooks')
+subdir('test_shm_mq')
+subdir('unsafe_tests')
+subdir('worker_spi')
diff --git a/src/test/modules/plsample/meson.build b/src/test/modules/plsample/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..45de3f1990d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/modules/plsample/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# FIXME: prevent install during main install, but not during test :/
+plsample = shared_module('plsample',
+  ['plsample.c'],
+  kwargs: pg_mod_args,
+)
+testprep_targets += plsample
+
+install_data(
+  'plsample.control',
+  'plsample--1.0.sql',
+  kwargs: contrib_data_args,
+)
+
+tests += {
+  'name': 'plsample',
+  'sd': meson.current_source_dir(),
+  'bd': meson.current_build_dir(),
+  'regress': {
+    'sql': [
+      'plsample',
+    ],
+  },
+}
diff --git a/src/test/modules/snapshot_too_old/meson.build b/src/test/modules/snapshot_too_old/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..efd3f1f113b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/modules/snapshot_too_old/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+tests += {
+  'name': 'snapshot_too_old',
+  'sd': meson.current_source_dir(),
+  'bd': meson.current_build_dir(),
+  'isolation': {
+    'test_kwargs': {'priority': 40}, # sto tests are slow, start early
+    'specs': [
+      'sto_using_cursor',
+      'sto_using_select',
+      'sto_using_hash_index',
+    ],
+    'regress_args': ['--temp-config', files('sto.conf')],
+  },
+}
diff --git a/src/test/modules/spgist_name_ops/meson.build b/src/test/modules/spgist_name_ops/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..857fc7e140e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/modules/spgist_name_ops/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# FIXME: prevent install during main install, but not during test :/
+spgist_name_ops = shared_module('spgist_name_ops',
+  ['spgist_name_ops.c'],
+  kwargs: pg_mod_args,
+)
+testprep_targets += spgist_name_ops
+
+install_data(
+  'spgist_name_ops.control',
+  'spgist_name_ops--1.0.sql',
+  kwargs: contrib_data_args,
+)
+
+tests += {
+  'name': 'spgist_name_ops',
+  'sd': meson.current_source_dir(),
+  'bd': meson.current_build_dir(),
+  'regress': {
+    'sql': [
+      'spgist_name_ops',
+    ],
+  },
+}
diff --git a/src/test/modules/ssl_passphrase_callback/meson.build b/src/test/modules/ssl_passphrase_callback/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a57bd0693a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/modules/ssl_passphrase_callback/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+if not ssl.found()
+  subdir_done()
+endif
+
+# FIXME: prevent install during main install, but not during test :/
+ssl_passphrase_callback = shared_module('ssl_passphrase_func',
+  ['ssl_passphrase_func.c'],
+  kwargs: pg_mod_args + {
+    'dependencies': [ssl, pg_mod_args['dependencies']],
+  },
+)
+testprep_targets += ssl_passphrase_callback
+
+# Targets to generate or remove the ssl certificate and key. Need to be copied
+# to the source afterwards. Normally not needed.
+
+openssl = find_program('openssl', native: true, required: false)
+
+if openssl.found()
+  cert = custom_target('server.crt',
+    output: ['server.crt', 'server.ckey'],
+    command: [openssl, 'req', '-new', '-x509', '-days', '10000', '-nodes', '-out', '@OUTPUT0@',
+      '-keyout', '@OUTPUT1@', '-subj', '/CN=localhost'],
+    build_by_default: false,
+    install: false,
+  )
+
+  # needs to agree with what's in the test script
+  pass = 'FooBaR1'
+
+  custom_target('server.key',
+    input: [cert[1]],
+    output: ['server.key'],
+    command: [openssl, 'rsa', '-aes256', '-in', '@INPUT0@', '-out', '@OUTPUT0@', '-passout', 'pass:@0@'.format(pass)]
+  )
+endif
+
+tests += {
+  'name': 'ssl_passphrase_callback',
+  'sd': meson.current_source_dir(),
+  'bd': meson.current_build_dir(),
+  'tap': {
+    'tests': [
+      't/001_testfunc.pl',
+    ],
+    'env': {'with_ssl': 'openssl'},
+  },
+}
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_bloomfilter/meson.build b/src/test/modules/test_bloomfilter/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..945eb5a70c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_bloomfilter/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# FIXME: prevent install during main install, but not during test :/
+test_bloomfilter = shared_module('test_bloomfilter',
+  ['test_bloomfilter.c'],
+  kwargs: pg_mod_args,
+)
+testprep_targets += test_bloomfilter
+
+install_data(
+  'test_bloomfilter.control',
+  'test_bloomfilter--1.0.sql',
+  kwargs: contrib_data_args,
+)
+
+tests += {
+  'name': 'test_bloomfilter',
+  'sd': meson.current_source_dir(),
+  'bd': meson.current_build_dir(),
+  'regress': {
+    'sql': [
+      'test_bloomfilter',
+    ],
+  },
+}
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_ddl_deparse/meson.build b/src/test/modules/test_ddl_deparse/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..81ad5adc526
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_ddl_deparse/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+# FIXME: prevent install during main install, but not during test :/
+test_ddl_deparse = shared_module('test_ddl_deparse',
+  ['test_ddl_deparse.c'],
+  kwargs: pg_mod_args,
+)
+testprep_targets += test_ddl_deparse
+
+install_data(
+  'test_ddl_deparse.control',
+  'test_ddl_deparse--1.0.sql',
+  kwargs: contrib_data_args,
+)
+
+tests += {
+  'name': 'test_ddl_deparse',
+  'sd': meson.current_source_dir(),
+  'bd': meson.current_build_dir(),
+  'regress': {
+    'sql': [
+      'test_ddl_deparse',
+      'create_extension',
+      'create_schema',
+      'create_type',
+      'create_conversion',
+      'create_domain',
+      'create_sequence_1',
+      'create_table',
+      'create_transform',
+      'alter_table',
+      'create_view',
+      'create_trigger',
+      'create_rule',
+      'comment_on',
+      'alter_function',
+      'alter_sequence',
+      'alter_ts_config',
+      'alter_type_enum',
+      'opfamily',
+      'defprivs',
+      'matviews',
+    ],
+  },
+}
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_extensions/meson.build b/src/test/modules/test_extensions/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e95a9f2e7eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_extensions/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+# FIXME: prevent install during main install, but not during test :/
+install_data(
+  'test_ext1--1.0.sql',
+  'test_ext1.control',
+  'test_ext2--1.0.sql',
+  'test_ext2.control',
+  'test_ext3--1.0.sql',
+  'test_ext3.control',
+  'test_ext4--1.0.sql',
+  'test_ext4.control',
+  'test_ext5--1.0.sql',
+  'test_ext5.control',
+  'test_ext6--1.0.sql',
+  'test_ext6.control',
+  'test_ext7--1.0--2.0.sql',
+  'test_ext7--1.0.sql',
+  'test_ext7.control',
+  'test_ext8--1.0.sql',
+  'test_ext8.control',
+  'test_ext_cine--1.0.sql',
+  'test_ext_cine--1.0--1.1.sql',
+  'test_ext_cine.control',
+  'test_ext_cor--1.0.sql',
+  'test_ext_cor.control',
+  'test_ext_cyclic1--1.0.sql',
+  'test_ext_cyclic1.control',
+  'test_ext_cyclic2--1.0.sql',
+  'test_ext_cyclic2.control',
+  'test_ext_evttrig--1.0--2.0.sql',
+  'test_ext_evttrig--1.0.sql',
+  'test_ext_evttrig.control',
+  kwargs: contrib_data_args,
+)
+
+tests += {
+  'name': 'test_extensions',
+  'sd': meson.current_source_dir(),
+  'bd': meson.current_build_dir(),
+  'regress': {
+    'sql': [
+      'test_extensions',
+      'test_extdepend',
+    ],
+  },
+}
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_ginpostinglist/meson.build b/src/test/modules/test_ginpostinglist/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..abf0a3b0430
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_ginpostinglist/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# FIXME: prevent install during main install, but not during test :/
+test_ginpostinglist = shared_module('test_ginpostinglist',
+  ['test_ginpostinglist.c'],
+  kwargs: pg_mod_args,
+)
+testprep_targets += test_ginpostinglist
+
+install_data(
+  'test_ginpostinglist.control',
+  'test_ginpostinglist--1.0.sql',
+  kwargs: contrib_data_args,
+)
+
+tests += {
+  'name': 'test_ginpostinglist',
+  'sd': meson.current_source_dir(),
+  'bd': meson.current_build_dir(),
+  'regress': {
+    'sql': [
+      'test_ginpostinglist',
+    ],
+  },
+}
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_integerset/meson.build b/src/test/modules/test_integerset/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c32c469c69a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_integerset/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# FIXME: prevent install during main install, but not during test :/
+test_integerset = shared_module('test_integerset',
+  ['test_integerset.c'],
+  kwargs: pg_mod_args,
+)
+testprep_targets += test_integerset
+
+install_data(
+  'test_integerset.control',
+  'test_integerset--1.0.sql',
+  kwargs: contrib_data_args,
+)
+
+tests += {
+  'name': 'test_integerset',
+  'sd': meson.current_source_dir(),
+  'bd': meson.current_build_dir(),
+  'regress': {
+    'sql': [
+      'test_integerset',
+    ],
+  },
+}
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_lfind/meson.build b/src/test/modules/test_lfind/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a388de1156a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_lfind/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# FIXME: prevent install during main install, but not during test :/
+test_lfind = shared_module('test_lfind',
+  ['test_lfind.c'],
+  kwargs: pg_mod_args,
+)
+testprep_targets += test_lfind
+
+install_data(
+  'test_lfind.control',
+  'test_lfind--1.0.sql',
+  kwargs: contrib_data_args,
+)
+
+tests += {
+  'name': 'test_lfind',
+  'sd': meson.current_source_dir(),
+  'bd': meson.current_build_dir(),
+  'regress': {
+    'sql': [
+      'test_lfind',
+    ],
+  },
+}
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_misc/meson.build b/src/test/modules/test_misc/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..cfc830ff399
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_misc/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+tests += {
+  'name': 'test_misc',
+  'sd': meson.current_source_dir(),
+  'bd': meson.current_build_dir(),
+  'tap': {
+    'tests': [
+      't/001_constraint_validation.pl',
+      't/002_tablespace.pl',
+      't/003_check_guc.pl',
+    ],
+  },
+}
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_oat_hooks/meson.build b/src/test/modules/test_oat_hooks/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5faf0459777
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_oat_hooks/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# FIXME: prevent install during main install, but not during test :/
+test_oat_hooks = shared_module('test_oat_hooks',
+  ['test_oat_hooks.c'],
+  kwargs: pg_mod_args,
+)
+testprep_targets += test_oat_hooks
+
+tests += {
+  'name': 'test_oat_hooks',
+  'sd': meson.current_source_dir(),
+  'bd': meson.current_build_dir(),
+  'regress': {
+    'sql': [
+      'test_oat_hooks',
+    ],
+    'regress_args': ['--no-locale', '--encoding=UTF8'],
+  },
+}
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_parser/meson.build b/src/test/modules/test_parser/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b59960f615e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_parser/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# FIXME: prevent install during main install, but not during test :/
+test_parser = shared_module('test_parser',
+  ['test_parser.c'],
+  kwargs: pg_mod_args,
+)
+testprep_targets += test_parser
+
+install_data(
+  'test_parser.control',
+  'test_parser--1.0.sql',
+  kwargs: contrib_data_args,
+)
+
+tests += {
+  'name': 'test_parser',
+  'sd': meson.current_source_dir(),
+  'bd': meson.current_build_dir(),
+  'regress': {
+    'sql': [
+      'test_parser',
+    ],
+  },
+}
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_pg_dump/meson.build b/src/test/modules/test_pg_dump/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..41021829f3a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_pg_dump/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# FIXME: prevent install during main install, but not during test :/
+install_data(
+  'test_pg_dump.control',
+  'test_pg_dump--1.0.sql',
+  kwargs: contrib_data_args,
+)
+
+tests += {
+  'name': 'test_pg_dump',
+  'sd': meson.current_source_dir(),
+  'bd': meson.current_build_dir(),
+  'regress': {
+    'sql': [
+      'test_pg_dump',
+    ],
+  },
+  'tap': {
+    'tests': [
+      't/001_base.pl',
+    ],
+  },
+}
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_predtest/meson.build b/src/test/modules/test_predtest/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1cfa84b3609
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_predtest/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# FIXME: prevent install during main install, but not during test :/
+test_predtest = shared_module('test_predtest',
+  ['test_predtest.c'],
+  kwargs: pg_mod_args,
+)
+testprep_targets += test_predtest
+
+install_data(
+  'test_predtest.control',
+  'test_predtest--1.0.sql',
+  kwargs: contrib_data_args,
+)
+
+tests += {
+  'name': 'test_predtest',
+  'sd': meson.current_source_dir(),
+  'bd': meson.current_build_dir(),
+  'regress': {
+    'sql': [
+      'test_predtest',
+    ],
+  },
+}
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_rbtree/meson.build b/src/test/modules/test_rbtree/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..34cbc3e1624
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_rbtree/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# FIXME: prevent install during main install, but not during test :/
+test_rbtree = shared_module('test_rbtree',
+  ['test_rbtree.c'],
+  kwargs: pg_mod_args,
+)
+testprep_targets += test_rbtree
+
+install_data(
+  'test_rbtree.control',
+  'test_rbtree--1.0.sql',
+  kwargs: contrib_data_args,
+)
+
+tests += {
+  'name': 'test_rbtree',
+  'sd': meson.current_source_dir(),
+  'bd': meson.current_build_dir(),
+  'regress': {
+    'sql': [
+      'test_rbtree',
+    ],
+  },
+}
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_regex/meson.build b/src/test/modules/test_regex/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..867a64e57c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_regex/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# FIXME: prevent install during main install, but not during test :/
+test_regex = shared_module('test_regex',
+  ['test_regex.c'],
+  kwargs: pg_mod_args,
+)
+testprep_targets += test_regex
+
+install_data(
+  'test_regex.control',
+  'test_regex--1.0.sql',
+  kwargs: contrib_data_args,
+)
+
+tests += {
+  'name': 'test_regex',
+  'sd': meson.current_source_dir(),
+  'bd': meson.current_build_dir(),
+  'regress': {
+    'sql': [
+      'test_regex',
+      'test_regex_utf8',
+    ],
+  },
+}
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_rls_hooks/meson.build b/src/test/modules/test_rls_hooks/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..80d8adda332
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_rls_hooks/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# FIXME: prevent install during main install, but not during test :/
+test_rls_hooks = shared_module('test_rls_hooks',
+  ['test_rls_hooks.c'],
+  kwargs: pg_mod_args,
+)
+testprep_targets += test_rls_hooks
+
+tests += {
+  'name': 'test_rls_hooks',
+  'sd': meson.current_source_dir(),
+  'bd': meson.current_build_dir(),
+  'regress': {
+    'sql': [
+      'test_rls_hooks',
+    ],
+  },
+}
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/meson.build b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b663543d616
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_shm_mq/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# FIXME: prevent install during main install, but not during test :/
+test_shm_mq = shared_module('test_shm_mq',
+  files(
+    'setup.c',
+    'test.c',
+    'worker.c',
+  ),
+  kwargs: pg_mod_args,
+)
+testprep_targets += test_shm_mq
+
+install_data(
+  'test_shm_mq.control',
+  'test_shm_mq--1.0.sql',
+  kwargs: contrib_data_args,
+)
+
+tests += {
+  'name': 'test_shm_mq',
+  'sd': meson.current_source_dir(),
+  'bd': meson.current_build_dir(),
+  'regress': {
+    'sql': [
+      'test_shm_mq',
+    ],
+  },
+}
diff --git a/src/test/modules/unsafe_tests/meson.build b/src/test/modules/unsafe_tests/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d69b0e7ce44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/modules/unsafe_tests/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+tests += {
+  'name': 'unsafe_tests',
+  'sd': meson.current_source_dir(),
+  'bd': meson.current_build_dir(),
+  'regress': {
+    'sql': [
+      'rolenames',
+      'alter_system_table',
+    ],
+  },
+}
diff --git a/src/test/modules/worker_spi/meson.build b/src/test/modules/worker_spi/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..32acad883b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/modules/worker_spi/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# FIXME: prevent install during main install, but not during test :/
+test_worker_spi = shared_module('worker_spi',
+  files(
+    'worker_spi.c',
+  ),
+  kwargs: pg_mod_args,
+)
+testprep_targets += test_worker_spi
+
+install_data(
+  'worker_spi.control',
+  'worker_spi--1.0.sql',
+  kwargs: contrib_data_args,
+)
+
+tests += {
+  'name': 'worker_spi',
+  'sd': meson.current_source_dir(),
+  'bd': meson.current_build_dir(),
+  'regress': {
+    'sql': [
+      'worker_spi',
+    ],
+    'regress_args': ['--temp-config', files('dynamic.conf'), '--dbname=contrib_regression'],
+  },
+}
diff --git a/src/test/perl/meson.build b/src/test/perl/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..901bae7a564
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/perl/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# could use install_data's preserve_path option in >=0.64.0
+
+install_data(
+  'PostgreSQL/Version.pm',
+  install_dir: dir_pgxs / 'src/test/perl/PostgreSQL')
+
+install_data(
+  'PostgreSQL/Test/Utils.pm',
+  'PostgreSQL/Test/SimpleTee.pm',
+  'PostgreSQL/Test/RecursiveCopy.pm',
+  'PostgreSQL/Test/Cluster.pm',
+  install_dir: dir_pgxs / 'src/test/perl/PostgreSQL/Test')
diff --git a/src/test/recovery/meson.build b/src/test/recovery/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b0e398363f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/recovery/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+tests += {
+  'name': 'recovery',
+  'sd': meson.current_source_dir(),
+  'bd': meson.current_build_dir(),
+  'tap': {
+    'test_kwargs': {'priority': 40}, # recovery tests are slow, start early
+    'tests': [
+      't/001_stream_rep.pl',
+      't/002_archiving.pl',
+      't/003_recovery_targets.pl',
+      't/004_timeline_switch.pl',
+      't/005_replay_delay.pl',
+      't/006_logical_decoding.pl',
+      't/007_sync_rep.pl',
+      't/008_fsm_truncation.pl',
+      't/009_twophase.pl',
+      't/010_logical_decoding_timelines.pl',
+      't/011_crash_recovery.pl',
+      't/012_subtransactions.pl',
+      't/013_crash_restart.pl',
+      't/014_unlogged_reinit.pl',
+      't/015_promotion_pages.pl',
+      't/016_min_consistency.pl',
+      't/017_shm.pl',
+      't/018_wal_optimize.pl',
+      't/019_replslot_limit.pl',
+      't/020_archive_status.pl',
+      't/021_row_visibility.pl',
+      't/022_crash_temp_files.pl',
+      't/023_pitr_prepared_xact.pl',
+      't/024_archive_recovery.pl',
+      't/025_stuck_on_old_timeline.pl',
+      't/026_overwrite_contrecord.pl',
+      't/027_stream_regress.pl',
+      't/028_pitr_timelines.pl',
+      't/029_stats_restart.pl',
+      't/030_stats_cleanup_replica.pl',
+      't/031_recovery_conflict.pl',
+      't/032_relfilenode_reuse.pl',
+      't/033_replay_tsp_drops.pl',
+    ],
+  },
+}
diff --git a/src/test/regress/meson.build b/src/test/regress/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fd8ee995b79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+# also used by isolationtester and ecpg tests
+pg_regress_c = files('pg_regress.c')
+pg_regress_inc = include_directories('.')
+
+regress_sources = pg_regress_c + files(
+  'pg_regress_main.c'
+)
+
+pg_regress_cflags = ['-DHOST_TUPLE="frak"', '-DSHELLPROG="/bin/sh"']
+
+pg_regress = executable('pg_regress',
+  regress_sources,
+  c_args: pg_regress_cflags,
+  dependencies: [frontend_code],
+  kwargs: default_bin_args + {
+    'install_dir': dir_pgxs / 'src/test/regress',
+  },
+)
+bin_targets += pg_regress
+
+regress_module = shared_module('regress',
+  ['regress.c'],
+  kwargs: pg_mod_args + {
+    'install': false,
+  },
+)
+testprep_targets += regress_module
+
+# Get some extra C modules from contrib/spi but mark them as not to be
+# installed.
+# FIXME: avoid the duplication.
+
+autoinc_regress = shared_module('autoinc',
+  ['../../../contrib/spi/autoinc.c'],
+  kwargs: pg_mod_args + {
+    'install': false,
+  },
+)
+testprep_targets += autoinc_regress
+
+refint_regress = shared_module('refint',
+  ['../../../contrib/spi/refint.c'],
+  c_args: refint_cflags,
+  kwargs: pg_mod_args + {
+    'install': false,
+  },
+)
+testprep_targets += refint_regress
+
+
+tests += {
+  'name': 'main',
+  'sd': meson.current_source_dir(),
+  'bd': meson.current_build_dir(),
+  'regress': {
+    'schedule': files('parallel_schedule'),
+    'test_kwargs': {
+      'priority': 50,
+      'timeout': 1000,
+    },
+  },
+}
diff --git a/src/test/ssl/meson.build b/src/test/ssl/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e2f021d884a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/ssl/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+tests += {
+  'name': 'ssl',
+  'sd': meson.current_source_dir(),
+  'bd': meson.current_build_dir(),
+  'tap': {
+    'env': {'with_ssl': get_option('ssl')},
+    'tests': [
+      't/001_ssltests.pl',
+      't/002_scram.pl',
+      't/003_sslinfo.pl',
+    ],
+  },
+}
diff --git a/src/test/subscription/meson.build b/src/test/subscription/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..85d1dd92951
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/subscription/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+tests += {
+  'name': 'subscription',
+  'sd': meson.current_source_dir(),
+  'bd': meson.current_build_dir(),
+  'tap': {
+    'env': {'with_icu': icu.found() ? 'yes' : 'no'},
+    'tests': [
+      't/001_rep_changes.pl',
+      't/002_types.pl',
+      't/003_constraints.pl',
+      't/004_sync.pl',
+      't/005_encoding.pl',
+      't/006_rewrite.pl',
+      't/007_ddl.pl',
+      't/008_diff_schema.pl',
+      't/009_matviews.pl',
+      't/010_truncate.pl',
+      't/011_generated.pl',
+      't/012_collation.pl',
+      't/013_partition.pl',
+      't/014_binary.pl',
+      't/015_stream.pl',
+      't/016_stream_subxact.pl',
+      't/017_stream_ddl.pl',
+      't/018_stream_subxact_abort.pl',
+      't/019_stream_subxact_ddl_abort.pl',
+      't/020_messages.pl',
+      't/021_twophase.pl',
+      't/022_twophase_cascade.pl',
+      't/023_twophase_stream.pl',
+      't/024_add_drop_pub.pl',
+      't/025_rep_changes_for_schema.pl',
+      't/026_stats.pl',
+      't/027_nosuperuser.pl',
+      't/028_row_filter.pl',
+      't/029_on_error.pl',
+      't/030_origin.pl',
+      't/031_column_list.pl',
+      't/100_bugs.pl',
+    ],
+  },
+}
diff --git a/src/timezone/meson.build b/src/timezone/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..16f082ecfa8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/timezone/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+# files to build into backend
+timezone_sources = files(
+  'localtime.c',
+  'pgtz.c',
+  'strftime.c',
+)
+
+
+timezone_inc = include_directories('.')
+
+timezone_localtime_source = files('localtime.c')
+
+# files needed to build zic utility program
+zic_sources = files(
+   'zic.c'
+)
+
+# we now distribute the timezone data as a single file
+tzdata = files(
+  'data/tzdata.zi'
+)
+
+
+if get_option('system_tzdata') == ''
+  # FIXME: For cross builds, it would need a native built libpgport/pgcommon to
+  # build our zic. But for that we'd need to run a good chunk of the configure
+  # tests both natively and cross. Unclear if it's worth it.
+  if meson.is_cross_build()
+    zic = find_program(get_option('ZIC'), native: true, required: true)
+  else
+    zic = executable('zic', zic_sources,
+                     dependencies: [frontend_code],
+                     kwargs: default_bin_args + {'install': false}
+                    )
+  endif
+
+  tzdata = custom_target('tzdata',
+    input: tzdata,
+    output: ['timezone'],
+    command: [zic, '-d', '@OUTPUT@', '@INPUT@'],
+    install: true,
+    install_dir: dir_data,
+  )
+
+  bin_targets += tzdata
+endif
+
+subdir('tznames')
diff --git a/src/timezone/tznames/meson.build b/src/timezone/tznames/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7e0a682bd9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/timezone/tznames/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+tznames = files(
+  'Africa.txt',
+  'America.txt',
+  'Antarctica.txt',
+  'Asia.txt',
+  'Atlantic.txt',
+  'Australia.txt',
+  'Etc.txt',
+  'Europe.txt',
+  'Indian.txt',
+  'Pacific.txt',
+)
+
+tznames_sets = files(
+  'Default',
+  'Australia',
+  'India')
+
+install_data(tznames, tznames_sets,
+  install_dir: dir_data / 'timezonesets',
+)
diff --git a/src/tools/find_meson b/src/tools/find_meson
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000..50e501a8011
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/find_meson
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+#
+# Returns the path to the meson binary, for cases where we need to call it as
+# part of the build, e.g. to install into tmp_install/ for the tests.
+
+import os
+import shlex
+import sys
+
+to_print = []
+
+if 'MUON_PATH' in os.environ:
+    to_print += ['muon', os.environ['MUON_PATH']]
+else:
+    mesonintrospect = os.environ['MESONINTROSPECT']
+    components = shlex.split(mesonintrospect)
+
+    if len(components) < 2:
+        print('expected more than two components, got: %s' % components)
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    if components[-1] != 'introspect':
+        print('expected introspection at the end')
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    to_print += ['meson'] + components[:-1]
+
+print('\n'.join(to_print), end='')
+
+sys.exit(0)
diff --git a/src/tools/gen_export.pl b/src/tools/gen_export.pl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..68b3ab86614
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/gen_export.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use Getopt::Long;
+
+my $format;
+my $libname;
+my $input;
+my $output;
+
+GetOptions(
+	'format:s'   => \$format,
+	'libname:s'    => \$libname,
+	'input:s' => \$input,
+	'output:s'  => \$output) or die "wrong arguments";
+
+if (not ($format eq 'aix' or $format eq 'darwin' or $format eq 'gnu' or $format eq 'win'))
+{
+	die "$0: $format is not yet handled (only aix, darwin, gnu, win are)\n";
+}
+
+open(my $input_handle, '<', $input)
+  or die "$0: could not open input file '$input': $!\n";
+
+open(my $output_handle, '>', $output)
+  or die "$0: could not open output file '$output': $!\n";
+
+
+if ($format eq 'gnu')
+{
+	print $output_handle "{
+  global:
+";
+}
+elsif ($format eq 'win')
+{
+	# XXX: Looks like specifying LIBRARY $libname is optional, which makes it
+	# easier to build a generic command for generating export files...
+	if ($libname)
+	{
+		print $output_handle "LIBRARY $libname\n";
+	}
+	print $output_handle "EXPORTS\n";
+}
+
+while (<$input_handle>)
+{
+	if (/^#/)
+	{
+		# don't do anything with a comment
+	}
+	elsif (/^(\S+)\s+(\S+)/)
+	{
+		if ($format eq 'aix')
+		{
+			print $output_handle "$1\n";
+		}
+		elsif ($format eq 'darwin')
+		{
+			print $output_handle "_$1\n";
+		}
+		elsif ($format eq 'gnu')
+		{
+			print $output_handle "    $1;\n";
+		}
+		elsif ($format eq 'win')
+		{
+			print $output_handle "$1 @ $2\n";
+		}
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		die "$0: unexpected line $_\n";
+	}
+}
+
+if ($format eq 'gnu')
+{
+	print $output_handle "  local: *;
+};
+";
+}
diff --git a/src/tools/pgflex b/src/tools/pgflex
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000..baabe2df1c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/pgflex
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+#
+# Wrapper around flex that:
+# - ensures lex.backup is created in a private directory
+# - can error out if lex.backup is created (--no-backup)
+# - can fix warnings (--fix-warnings)
+# - works around concurrency issues with win_flex.exe:
+#   https://github.com/lexxmark/winflexbison/issues/86
+
+import argparse
+import os
+import subprocess
+import sys
+from os.path import abspath
+
+parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
+
+parser.add_argument('--flex', type=abspath, required=True)
+parser.add_argument('--perl', type=abspath, required=True)
+parser.add_argument('--builddir', type=abspath, required=True)
+parser.add_argument('--srcdir', type=abspath, required=True)
+parser.add_argument('--privatedir', type=abspath, required=True,
+                    help='private directory for target')
+
+parser.add_argument('-o', dest='output_file', type=abspath, required=True,
+                    help='output file')
+parser.add_argument('-i', dest='input_file', type=abspath, help='input file')
+
+
+parser.add_argument('--fix-warnings', action='store_true',
+                    help='whether to fix warnings in generated file')
+parser.add_argument('--no-backup', action='store_true',
+                    help='whether no_backup is enabled or not')
+
+parser.add_argument('flex_flags', nargs='*', help='flags passed on to flex')
+
+args = parser.parse_args()
+
+# Since 'lex.backup' is always named that and ninja uses the top level build
+# directory as current directory for all commands, change directory to
+# temporary directory to avoid conflicts between concurrent flex
+# invocations. Only unreleased versions of flex have an argument to change
+# lex.filename to be named differently.
+if not os.path.isdir(args.privatedir):
+    os.mkdir(args.privatedir)
+os.chdir(args.privatedir)
+
+# win_flex.exe generates names in a racy way, sometimes leading to random
+# "error deleting file" failures and sometimes to intermingled file
+# contents. Set FLEX_TMP_DIR to the target private directory to avoid
+# that. That environment variable isn't consulted on other platforms, so we
+# don't even need to make this conditional.
+env = {'FLEX_TMP_DIR': args.privatedir}
+
+# build flex invocation
+command = [args.flex, '-o', args.output_file]
+if args.no_backup:
+    command += ['-b']
+command += args.flex_flags
+command += [args.input_file]
+
+# create .c file from .l file
+sp = subprocess.run(command, env=env)
+if sp.returncode != 0:
+    sys.exit(sp.returncode)
+
+# check lex.backup
+if args.no_backup:
+    with open('lex.backup') as lex:
+        if len(lex.readlines()) != 1:
+            sys.exit('Scanner requires backup; see lex.backup.')
+    os.remove('lex.backup')
+
+# fix warnings
+if args.fix_warnings:
+    fix_warning_script = os.path.join(args.srcdir,
+                                      'src/tools/fix-old-flex-code.pl')
+
+    command = [args.perl, fix_warning_script, args.output_file]
+    sp = subprocess.run(command)
+    if sp.returncode != 0:
+        sys.exit(sp.returncode)
+
+sys.exit(0)
diff --git a/src/tools/testwrap b/src/tools/testwrap
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000..7a64fe76a2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tools/testwrap
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+import argparse
+import shutil
+import subprocess
+import os
+import sys
+
+parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
+
+parser.add_argument('--srcdir', help='source directory of test', type=str)
+parser.add_argument('--basedir', help='base directory of test', type=str)
+parser.add_argument('--testgroup', help='test group', type=str)
+parser.add_argument('--testname', help='test name', type=str)
+parser.add_argument('test_command', nargs='*')
+
+args = parser.parse_args()
+
+testdir = '{}/testrun/{}/{}'.format(
+    args.basedir, args.testgroup, args.testname)
+
+print('# executing test in {} group {} test {}'.format(
+    testdir, args.testgroup, args.testname))
+sys.stdout.flush()
+
+if os.path.exists(testdir) and os.path.isdir(testdir):
+    shutil.rmtree(testdir)
+os.makedirs(testdir)
+
+os.chdir(args.srcdir)
+
+# mark test as having started
+open(os.path.join(testdir, 'test.start'), 'x')
+
+env_dict = {**os.environ,
+            'TESTDATADIR': os.path.join(testdir, 'data'),
+            'TESTLOGDIR': os.path.join(testdir, 'log')}
+
+sp = subprocess.run(args.test_command, env=env_dict)
+
+if sp.returncode == 0:
+    print('# test succeeded')
+    open(os.path.join(testdir, 'test.success'), 'x')
+else:
+    print('# test failed')
+    open(os.path.join(testdir, 'test.fail'), 'x')
+sys.exit(sp.returncode)