Support subscripting of arbitrary types, not only arrays.

This patch generalizes the subscripting infrastructure so that any
data type can be subscripted, if it provides a handler function to
define what that means.  Traditional variable-length (varlena) arrays
all use array_subscript_handler(), while the existing fixed-length
types that support subscripting use raw_array_subscript_handler().
It's expected that other types that want to use subscripting notation
will define their own handlers.  (This patch provides no such new
features, though; it only lays the foundation for them.)

To do this, move the parser's semantic processing of subscripts
(including coercion to whatever data type is required) into a
method callback supplied by the handler.  On the execution side,
replace the ExecEvalSubscriptingRef* layer of functions with direct
calls to callback-supplied execution routines.  (Thus, essentially
no new run-time overhead should be caused by this patch.  Indeed,
there is room to remove some overhead by supplying specialized
execution routines.  This patch does a little bit in that line,
but more could be done.)

Additional work is required here and there to remove formerly
hard-wired assumptions about the result type, collation, etc
of a SubscriptingRef expression node; and to remove assumptions
that the subscript values must be integers.

One useful side-effect of this is that we now have a less squishy
mechanism for identifying whether a data type is a "true" array:
instead of wiring in weird rules about typlen, we can look to see
if pg_type.typsubscript == F_ARRAY_SUBSCRIPT_HANDLER.  For this
to be bulletproof, we have to forbid user-defined types from using
that handler directly; but there seems no good reason for them to
do so.

This patch also removes assumptions that the number of subscripts
is limited to MAXDIM (6), or indeed has any hard-wired limit.
That limit still applies to types handled by array_subscript_handler
or raw_array_subscript_handler, but to discourage other dependencies
on this constant, I've moved it from c.h to utils/array.h.

Dmitry Dolgov, reviewed at various times by Tom Lane, Arthur Zakirov,
Peter Eisentraut, Pavel Stehule

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CA+q6zcVDuGBv=M0FqBYX8DPebS3F_0KQ6OVFobGJPM507_SZ_w@mail.gmail.com
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CA+q6zcVovR+XY4mfk-7oNk-rF91gH0PebnNfuUjuuDsyHjOcVA@mail.gmail.com

1 files changed, 4 insertions, 2 deletions

diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/arrayfuncs.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/arrayfuncs.c
index a7ea7656c75..4c8a739bc43 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/arrayfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/arrayfuncs.c
@@ -2044,7 +2044,8 @@ array_get_element_expanded(Datum arraydatum,
  * array bound.
  *
  * NOTE: we assume it is OK to scribble on the provided subscript arrays
- * lowerIndx[] and upperIndx[].  These are generally just temporaries.
+ * lowerIndx[] and upperIndx[]; also, these arrays must be of size MAXDIM
+ * even when nSubscripts is less.  These are generally just temporaries.
  */
 Datum
 array_get_slice(Datum arraydatum,
@@ -2772,7 +2773,8 @@ array_set_element_expanded(Datum arraydatum,
  * (XXX TODO: allow a corresponding behavior for multidimensional arrays)
  *
  * NOTE: we assume it is OK to scribble on the provided index arrays
- * lowerIndx[] and upperIndx[].  These are generally just temporaries.
+ * lowerIndx[] and upperIndx[]; also, these arrays must be of size MAXDIM
+ * even when nSubscripts is less.  These are generally just temporaries.
  *
  * NOTE: For assignments, we throw an error for silly subscripts etc,
  * rather than returning a NULL or empty array as the fetch operations do.