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+//// Functions for working with integers.
+////
+//// ## Division by zero
+////
+//// In Erlang division by zero results in a crash, however Gleam does not have
+//// partial functions and operators in core so instead division by zero returns
+//// zero, a behaviour taken from Pony, Coq, and Lean.
+////
+//// This may seem unexpected at first, but it is no less mathematically valid
+//// than crashing or returning a special value. Division by zero is undefined
+//// in mathematics.
+
+import gleam/float
+import gleam/order.{type Order}
+
+/// Returns the absolute value of the input.
+///
+/// ## Examples
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// > absolute_value(-12)
+/// 12
+/// ```
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// > absolute_value(10)
+/// 10
+/// ```
+///
+pub fn absolute_value(x: Int) -> Int {
+ case x >= 0 {
+ True -> x
+ False -> x * -1
+ }
+}
+
+/// Returns the results of the base being raised to the power of the
+/// exponent, as a `Float`.
+///
+/// ## Examples
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// > power(2, -1.0)
+/// Ok(0.5)
+/// ```
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// > power(2, 2.0)
+/// Ok(4.0)
+/// ```
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// > power(8, 1.5)
+/// Ok(22.627416997969522)
+/// ```
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// > 4 |> power(of: 2.0)
+/// Ok(16.0)
+/// ```
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// > power(-1, 0.5)
+/// Error(Nil)
+/// ```
+///
+pub fn power(base: Int, of exponent: Float) -> Result(Float, Nil) {
+ base
+ |> to_float()
+ |> float.power(exponent)
+}
+
+/// Returns the square root of the input as a `Float`.
+///
+/// ## Examples
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// > square_root(4)
+/// Ok(2.0)
+/// ```
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// > square_root(-16)
+/// Error(Nil)
+/// ```
+///
+pub fn square_root(x: Int) -> Result(Float, Nil) {
+ x
+ |> to_float()
+ |> float.square_root()
+}
+
+/// Parses a given string as an int if possible.
+///
+/// ## Examples
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// > parse("2")
+/// Ok(2)
+/// ```
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// > parse("ABC")
+/// Error(Nil)
+/// ```
+///
+pub fn parse(string: String) -> Result(Int, Nil) {
+ do_parse(string)
+}
+
+@external(erlang, "gleam_stdlib", "parse_int")
+@external(javascript, "../gleam_stdlib.mjs", "parse_int")
+fn do_parse(a: String) -> Result(Int, Nil)
+
+/// Parses a given string as an int in a given base if possible.
+/// Supports only bases 2 to 36, for values outside of which this function returns an `Error(Nil)`.
+///
+/// ## Examples
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// > base_parse("10", 2)
+/// Ok(2)
+///
+/// > base_parse("30", 16)
+/// Ok(48)
+///
+/// > base_parse("1C", 36)
+/// Ok(48)
+///
+/// > base_parse("48", 1)
+/// Error(Nil)
+///
+/// > base_parse("48", 37)
+/// Error(Nil)
+/// ```
+///
+pub fn base_parse(string: String, base: Int) -> Result(Int, Nil) {
+ case base >= 2 && base <= 36 {
+ True -> do_base_parse(string, base)
+ False -> Error(Nil)
+ }
+}
+
+@external(erlang, "gleam_stdlib", "int_from_base_string")
+@external(javascript, "../gleam_stdlib.mjs", "int_from_base_string")
+fn do_base_parse(a: String, b: Int) -> Result(Int, Nil)
+
+/// Prints a given int to a string.
+///
+/// ## Examples
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// > to_string(2)
+/// "2"
+/// ```
+///
+pub fn to_string(x: Int) {
+ do_to_string(x)
+}
+
+@external(erlang, "erlang", "integer_to_binary")
+@external(javascript, "../gleam_stdlib.mjs", "to_string")
+fn do_to_string(a: Int) -> String
+
+/// Error value when trying to operate with a base out of the allowed range.
+///
+pub type InvalidBase {
+ InvalidBase
+}
+
+/// Prints a given int to a string using the base number provided.
+/// Supports only bases 2 to 36, for values outside of which this function returns an `Error(InvalidBase)`.
+/// For common bases (2, 8, 16, 36), use the `to_baseN` functions.
+///
+/// ## Examples
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// > to_base_string(2, 2)
+/// Ok("10")
+/// ```
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// > to_base_string(48, 16)
+/// Ok("30")
+/// ```
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// > to_base_string(48, 36)
+/// Ok("1C")
+/// ```
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// > to_base_string(48, 1)
+/// Error(InvalidBase)
+/// ```
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// > to_base_string(48, 37)
+/// Error(InvalidBase)
+/// ```
+///
+pub fn to_base_string(x: Int, base: Int) -> Result(String, InvalidBase) {
+ case base >= 2 && base <= 36 {
+ True -> Ok(do_to_base_string(x, base))
+ False -> Error(InvalidBase)
+ }
+}
+
+@external(erlang, "erlang", "integer_to_binary")
+@external(javascript, "../gleam_stdlib.mjs", "int_to_base_string")
+fn do_to_base_string(a: Int, b: Int) -> String
+
+/// Prints a given int to a string using base-2.
+///
+/// ## Examples
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// > to_base2(2)
+/// "10"
+/// ```
+///
+pub fn to_base2(x: Int) -> String {
+ do_to_base_string(x, 2)
+}
+
+/// Prints a given int to a string using base-8.
+///
+/// ## Examples
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// > to_base8(15)
+/// "17"
+/// ```
+///
+pub fn to_base8(x: Int) -> String {
+ do_to_base_string(x, 8)
+}
+
+/// Prints a given int to a string using base-16.
+///
+/// ## Examples
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// > to_base16(48)
+/// "30"
+/// ```
+///
+pub fn to_base16(x: Int) -> String {
+ do_to_base_string(x, 16)
+}
+
+/// Prints a given int to a string using base-36.
+///
+/// ## Examples
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// > to_base36(48)
+/// "1C"
+/// ```
+///
+pub fn to_base36(x: Int) -> String {
+ do_to_base_string(x, 36)
+}
+
+/// Takes an int and returns its value as a float.
+///
+/// ## Examples
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// > to_float(5)
+/// 5.0
+/// ```
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// > to_float(0)
+/// 0.0
+/// ```
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// > to_float(-3)
+/// -3.0
+/// ```
+///
+pub fn to_float(x: Int) -> Float {
+ do_to_float(x)
+}
+
+@external(erlang, "erlang", "float")
+@external(javascript, "../gleam_stdlib.mjs", "identity")
+fn do_to_float(a: Int) -> Float
+
+/// Restricts an int between a lower and upper bound.
+///
+/// ## Examples
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// > clamp(40, min: 50, max: 60)
+/// 50
+/// ```
+///
+pub fn clamp(x: Int, min min_bound: Int, max max_bound: Int) -> Int {
+ x
+ |> min(max_bound)
+ |> max(min_bound)
+}
+
+/// Compares two ints, returning an order.
+///
+/// ## Examples
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// > compare(2, 3)
+/// Lt
+/// ```
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// > compare(4, 3)
+/// Gt
+/// ```
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// > compare(3, 3)
+/// Eq
+/// ```
+///
+pub fn compare(a: Int, with b: Int) -> Order {
+ case a == b {
+ True -> order.Eq
+ False ->
+ case a < b {
+ True -> order.Lt
+ False -> order.Gt
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+/// Compares two ints, returning the smaller of the two.
+///
+/// ## Examples
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// > min(2, 3)
+/// 2
+/// ```
+///
+pub fn min(a: Int, b: Int) -> Int {
+ case a < b {
+ True -> a
+ False -> b
+ }
+}
+
+/// Compares two ints, returning the larger of the two.
+///
+/// ## Examples
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// > max(2, 3)
+/// 3
+/// ```
+///
+pub fn max(a: Int, b: Int) -> Int {
+ case a > b {
+ True -> a
+ False -> b
+ }
+}
+
+/// Returns whether the value provided is even.
+///
+/// ## Examples
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// > is_even(2)
+/// True
+/// ```
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// > is_even(3)
+/// False
+/// ```
+///
+pub fn is_even(x: Int) -> Bool {
+ x % 2 == 0
+}
+
+/// Returns whether the value provided is odd.
+///
+/// ## Examples
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// > is_odd(3)
+/// True
+/// ```
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// > is_odd(2)
+/// False
+/// ```
+///
+pub fn is_odd(x: Int) -> Bool {
+ x % 2 != 0
+}
+
+/// Returns the negative of the value provided.
+///
+/// ## Examples
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// > negate(1)
+/// -1
+/// ```
+///
+pub fn negate(x: Int) -> Int {
+ -1 * x
+}
+
+/// Sums a list of ints.
+///
+/// ## Example
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// > sum([1, 2, 3])
+/// 6
+/// ```
+///
+pub fn sum(numbers: List(Int)) -> Int {
+ numbers
+ |> do_sum(0)
+}
+
+fn do_sum(numbers: List(Int), initial: Int) -> Int {
+ case numbers {
+ [] -> initial
+ [x, ..rest] -> do_sum(rest, x + initial)
+ }
+}
+
+/// Multiplies a list of ints and returns the product.
+///
+/// ## Example
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// > product([2, 3, 4])
+/// 24
+/// ```
+///
+pub fn product(numbers: List(Int)) -> Int {
+ case numbers {
+ [] -> 1
+ _ -> do_product(numbers, 1)
+ }
+}
+
+fn do_product(numbers: List(Int), initial: Int) -> Int {
+ case numbers {
+ [] -> initial
+ [x, ..rest] -> do_product(rest, x * initial)
+ }
+}
+
+/// Splits an integer into its digit representation in the specified base
+///
+/// ## Examples
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// > digits(234, 10)
+/// Ok([2,3,4])
+/// ```
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// > digits(234, 1)
+/// Error(InvalidBase)
+/// ```
+///
+pub fn digits(x: Int, base: Int) -> Result(List(Int), InvalidBase) {
+ case base < 2 {
+ True -> Error(InvalidBase)
+ False -> Ok(do_digits(x, base, []))
+ }
+}
+
+fn do_digits(x: Int, base: Int, acc: List(Int)) -> List(Int) {
+ case absolute_value(x) < base {
+ True -> [x, ..acc]
+ False -> do_digits(x / base, base, [x % base, ..acc])
+ }
+}
+
+/// Joins a list of digits into a single value.
+/// Returns an error if the base is less than 2 or if the list contains a digit greater than or equal to the specified base.
+///
+/// ## Examples
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// > undigits([2,3,4], 10)
+/// Ok(234)
+/// ```
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// > undigits([2,3,4], 1)
+/// Error(InvalidBase)
+/// ```
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// > undigits([2,3,4], 2)
+/// Error(InvalidBase)
+/// ```
+///
+pub fn undigits(numbers: List(Int), base: Int) -> Result(Int, InvalidBase) {
+ case base < 2 {
+ True -> Error(InvalidBase)
+ False -> do_undigits(numbers, base, 0)
+ }
+}
+
+fn do_undigits(
+ numbers: List(Int),
+ base: Int,
+ acc: Int,
+) -> Result(Int, InvalidBase) {
+ case numbers {
+ [] -> Ok(acc)
+ [digit, ..] if digit >= base -> Error(InvalidBase)
+ [digit, ..rest] -> do_undigits(rest, base, acc * base + digit)
+ }
+}
+
+/// Generates a random int between the given minimum and maximum values.
+///
+/// ## Examples
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// > random(1, 5)
+/// 2
+/// ```
+///
+pub fn random(min: Int, max: Int) -> Int {
+ float.random(to_float(min), to_float(max))
+ |> float.floor()
+ |> float.round()
+}
+
+/// Performs a truncated integer division.
+///
+/// Returns division of the inputs as a `Result`: If the given divisor equals
+/// `0`, this function returns an `Error`.
+///
+/// ## Examples
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// > divide(0, 1)
+/// Ok(1)
+/// ```
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// > divide(1, 0)
+/// Error(Nil)
+/// ```
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// > divide(5, 2)
+/// Ok(2)
+/// ```
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// > divide(-99, 2)
+/// Ok(-49)
+/// ```
+///
+pub fn divide(dividend: Int, by divisor: Int) -> Result(Int, Nil) {
+ case divisor {
+ 0 -> Error(Nil)
+ divisor -> Ok(dividend / divisor)
+ }
+}
+
+/// Computes the remainder of an integer division of inputs as a `Result`.
+///
+/// Returns division of the inputs as a `Result`: If the given divisor equals
+/// `0`, this function returns an `Error`.
+///
+/// Most the time you will want to use the `%` operator instead of this
+/// function.
+///
+/// ## Examples
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// > remainder(3, 2)
+/// Ok(1)
+/// ```
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// > remainder(1, 0)
+/// Error(Nil)
+/// ```
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// > remainder(10, -1)
+/// Ok(0)
+/// ```
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// > remainder(13, by: 3)
+/// Ok(1)
+/// ```
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// > remainder(-13, by: 3)
+/// Ok(-1)
+/// ```
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// > remainder(13, by: -3)
+/// Ok(1)
+/// ```
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// > remainder(-13, by: -3)
+/// Ok(-1)
+/// ```
+///
+pub fn remainder(dividend: Int, by divisor: Int) -> Result(Int, Nil) {
+ case divisor {
+ 0 -> Error(Nil)
+ divisor -> Ok(dividend % divisor)
+ }
+}
+
+/// Computes the modulo of an integer division of inputs as a `Result`.
+///
+/// Returns division of the inputs as a `Result`: If the given divisor equals
+/// `0`, this function returns an `Error`.
+///
+/// Most the time you will want to use the `%` operator instead of this
+/// function.
+///
+/// ## Examples
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// > modulo(3, 2)
+/// Ok(1)
+/// ```
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// > modulo(1, 0)
+/// Error(Nil)
+/// ```
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// > modulo(10, -1)
+/// Ok(0)
+/// ```
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// > modulo(13, by: 3)
+/// Ok(1)
+/// ```
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// > modulo(-13, by: 3)
+/// Ok(2)
+/// ```
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// > modulo(13, by: -3)
+/// Ok(-2)
+/// ```
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// > modulo(-13, by: -3)
+/// Ok(-1)
+/// ```
+///
+pub fn modulo(dividend: Int, by divisor: Int) -> Result(Int, Nil) {
+ case divisor {
+ 0 -> Error(Nil)
+ _ -> {
+ let remainder = dividend % divisor
+ case remainder * divisor < 0 {
+ True -> Ok(remainder + divisor)
+ False -> Ok(remainder)
+ }
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+/// Performs a *floored* integer division, which means that the result will
+/// always be rounded towards negative infinity.
+///
+/// If you want to perform truncated integer division (rounding towards zero),
+/// use `int.divide()` or the `/` operator instead.
+///
+/// Returns division of the inputs as a `Result`: If the given divisor equals
+/// `0`, this function returns an `Error`.
+///
+/// ## Examples
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// > floor_divide(1, 0)
+/// Error(Nil)
+/// ```
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// > floor_divide(5, 2)
+/// Ok(2)
+/// ```
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// > floor_divide(6, -4)
+/// Ok(-2)
+/// ```
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// > floor_divide(-99, 2)
+/// Ok(-50)
+/// ```
+///
+pub fn floor_divide(dividend: Int, by divisor: Int) -> Result(Int, Nil) {
+ case divisor {
+ 0 -> Error(Nil)
+ divisor ->
+ case dividend * divisor < 0 && dividend % divisor != 0 {
+ True -> Ok(dividend / divisor - 1)
+ False -> Ok(dividend / divisor)
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+/// Adds two integers together.
+///
+/// It's the function equivalent of the `+` operator.
+/// This function is useful in higher order functions or pipes.
+///
+/// ## Examples
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// > add(1, 2)
+/// 3
+/// ```
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// import gleam/list
+/// > list.fold([1, 2, 3], 0, add)
+/// 6
+/// ```
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// > 3 |> add(2)
+/// 5
+/// ```
+///
+pub fn add(a: Int, b: Int) -> Int {
+ a + b
+}
+
+/// Multiplies two integers together.
+///
+/// It's the function equivalent of the `*` operator.
+/// This function is useful in higher order functions or pipes.
+///
+/// ## Examples
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// > multiply(2, 4)
+/// 8
+/// ```
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// import gleam/list
+/// > list.fold([2, 3, 4], 1, multiply)
+/// 24
+/// ```
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// > 3 |> multiply(2)
+/// 6
+/// ```
+///
+pub fn multiply(a: Int, b: Int) -> Int {
+ a * b
+}
+
+/// Subtracts one int from another.
+///
+/// It's the function equivalent of the `-` operator.
+/// This function is useful in higher order functions or pipes.
+///
+/// ## Examples
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// > subtract(3, 1)
+/// 2.0
+/// ```
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// import gleam/list
+/// > list.fold([1, 2, 3], 10, subtract)
+/// 4
+/// ```
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// > 3 |> subtract(2)
+/// 1
+/// ```
+///
+/// ```gleam
+/// > 3 |> subtract(2, _)
+/// -1
+/// ```
+///
+pub fn subtract(a: Int, b: Int) -> Int {
+ a - b
+}
+
+/// Calculates the bitwise AND of its arguments.
+///
+/// The exact behaviour of this function depends on the target platform.
+/// On Erlang it is equivalent to bitwise operations on ints, on JavaScript it
+/// is equivalent to bitwise operations on big-ints.
+///
+@external(erlang, "erlang", "band")
+@external(javascript, "../gleam_stdlib.mjs", "bitwise_and")
+pub fn bitwise_and(x: Int, y: Int) -> Int
+
+/// Calculates the bitwise NOT of its argument.
+///
+/// The exact behaviour of this function depends on the target platform.
+/// On Erlang it is equivalent to bitwise operations on ints, on JavaScript it
+/// is equivalent to bitwise operations on big-ints.
+///
+@external(erlang, "erlang", "bnot")
+@external(javascript, "../gleam_stdlib.mjs", "bitwise_not")
+pub fn bitwise_not(x: Int) -> Int
+
+/// Calculates the bitwise OR of its arguments.
+///
+/// The exact behaviour of this function depends on the target platform.
+/// On Erlang it is equivalent to bitwise operations on ints, on JavaScript it
+/// is equivalent to bitwise operations on big-ints.
+///
+@external(erlang, "erlang", "bor")
+@external(javascript, "../gleam_stdlib.mjs", "bitwise_or")
+pub fn bitwise_or(x: Int, y: Int) -> Int
+
+/// Calculates the bitwise XOR of its arguments.
+///
+/// The exact behaviour of this function depends on the target platform.
+/// On Erlang it is equivalent to bitwise operations on ints, on JavaScript it
+/// is equivalent to bitwise operations on big-ints.
+///
+@external(erlang, "erlang", "bxor")
+@external(javascript, "../gleam_stdlib.mjs", "bitwise_exclusive_or")
+pub fn bitwise_exclusive_or(x: Int, y: Int) -> Int
+
+/// Calculates the result of an arithmetic left bitshift.
+///
+/// The exact behaviour of this function depends on the target platform.
+/// On Erlang it is equivalent to bitwise operations on ints, on JavaScript it
+/// is equivalent to bitwise operations on big-ints.
+///
+@external(erlang, "erlang", "bsl")
+@external(javascript, "../gleam_stdlib.mjs", "bitwise_shift_left")
+pub fn bitwise_shift_left(x: Int, y: Int) -> Int
+
+/// Calculates the result of an arithmetic right bitshift.
+///
+/// The exact behaviour of this function depends on the target platform.
+/// On Erlang it is equivalent to bitwise operations on ints, on JavaScript it
+/// is equivalent to bitwise operations on big-ints.
+///
+@external(erlang, "erlang", "bsr")
+@external(javascript, "../gleam_stdlib.mjs", "bitwise_shift_right")
+pub fn bitwise_shift_right(x: Int, y: Int) -> Int
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