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-%-*-Mode:erlang;coding:utf-8;tab-width:4;c-basic-offset:4;indent-tabs-mode:()-*-
-% ex: set ft=erlang fenc=utf-8 sts=4 ts=4 sw=4 et nomod:
-%%%
-%%%------------------------------------------------------------------------
-%%% @doc
-%%% ==A Large Priority Queue.==
-%%% This priority queue implementation depends on layered tuples, so that tuple
-%%% access times can be exploited for quick in/out priority queue operations
-%%% when using 64 or more total priorities. This implementation was created
-%%% to avoid the slowness within the priority queue used by
-%%% both RabbitMQ and Riak
-%%% (https://github.com/basho/riak_core/blob/master/src/priority_queue.erl).
-%%% @end
-%%%
-%%% MIT License
-%%%
-%%% Copyright (c) 2011-2020 Michael Truog <mjtruog at protonmail dot com>
-%%%
-%%% Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
-%%% copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
-%%% to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
-%%% the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
-%%% and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
-%%% Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-%%%
-%%% The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
-%%% all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-%%%
-%%% THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-%%% IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-%%% FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-%%% AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-%%% LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
-%%% FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
-%%% DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
-%%%
-%%% @author Michael Truog <mjtruog at protonmail dot com>
-%%% @copyright 2011-2020 Michael Truog
-%%% @version 2.0.1 {@date} {@time}
-%%%------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
--module(pqueue3).
--author('mjtruog at protonmail dot com').
-
-%% external interface
--export([in/2, % O(1)
- in/3, % O(1)
- is_empty/1, % O(1)
- is_queue/1, % O(1)
- len/1, % O(N)
- new/0, % O(1)
- new/1, % O(1)
- out/1, % O(1) amortized, O(N) worst case
- out/2, % O(1) amortized, O(N) worst case
- pout/1, % O(1) amortized, O(N) worst case
- to_list/1]). % O(N)
-
-%%%------------------------------------------------------------------------
-%%% External interface functions
-%%%------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
--type pqueue3() :: {integer(), integer(), empty | integer(), tuple()}.
--type pqueue3_empty() :: {integer(), integer(), empty, tuple()}.
-
-%%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-%% @doc
-%% ===Append an item to the tail of the 0 priority queue.===
-%% O(1)
-%% @end
-%%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
--spec in(term(), pqueue3()) -> pqueue3().
-
-in(Value, Q) ->
- in(Value, 0, Q).
-
-%%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-%% @doc
-%% ===Append an item to the tail of a specific priority queue.===
-%% O(1)
-%% @end
-%%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
--spec in(term(), integer(), pqueue3()) -> pqueue3().
-
-in(_, P, {Size, Offset, _, _})
- when (P + Offset) < 0; (P + Offset) > Size ->
- erlang:exit(badarg);
-in(Value, P, {Size, Offset, empty, Bins}) ->
- PriorityIndex = P + Offset,
- {Size, Offset, PriorityIndex,
- in_queue(layer_indexes(Size, PriorityIndex), Value, Bins)};
-in(Value, P, {Size, Offset, I, Bins})
- when (P + Offset) < I ->
- PriorityIndex = P + Offset,
- {Size, Offset, PriorityIndex,
- in_queue(layer_indexes(Size, PriorityIndex), Value, Bins)};
-in(Value, P, {Size, Offset, I, Bins}) ->
- {Size, Offset, I,
- in_queue(layer_indexes(Size, P + Offset), Value, Bins)}.
-
-%%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-%% @doc
-%% ===Check if the priority queue is empty.===
-%% O(1)
-%% @end
-%%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
--spec is_empty(pqueue3()) -> 'true' | 'false'.
-
-is_empty({_, _, empty, _}) ->
- true;
-is_empty({_, _, _, _} = Q) ->
- case out(Q) of
- {empty, _} ->
- true;
- {{value, _}, _} ->
- false
- end.
-
-%%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-%% @doc
-%% ===Check if the priority queue type is as expected.===
-%% O(1)
-%% @end
-%%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
--spec is_queue(pqueue3()) -> 'true' | 'false'.
-
-is_queue({Size, Offset, I, Bins})
- when is_integer(Size), is_integer(Offset), is_tuple(Bins) ->
- (I =:= empty) or is_integer(I);
-is_queue(_) ->
- false.
-
-%%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-%% @doc
-%% ===Determine the length of a priority queue.===
-%% O(N)
-%% @end
-%%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
--spec len(pqueue3()) -> non_neg_integer().
-
-len(Q) ->
- len(0, out(Q)).
-len(I, {empty, _}) ->
- I;
-len(I, {{value, _}, Q}) ->
- len(I + 1, out(Q)).
-
-%%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-%% @doc
-%% ===Create a new priority queue.===
-%% O(1)
-%% @end
-%%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
--spec new() -> pqueue3_empty().
-
-new() ->
- new([]).
-
-%%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-%% @doc
-%% ===Create a new priority queue with customization options.===
-%% O(1)
-%% @end
-%%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
--spec new(list({atom(), term()})) -> pqueue3().
-
-new(Options) ->
- Size = proplists:get_value(priorities, Options, 256),
- MiddleZero = proplists:get_value(middle_priority_zero, Options, true),
- Offset = if
- MiddleZero =:= true ->
- erlang:round((Size / 2) + 0.5) - 1;
- true ->
- 0
- end,
- {Size, Offset, empty, create(layer_sizes(Size))}.
-
-%%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-%% @doc
-%% ===Take an item from the head of the priority queue.===
-%% O(1) amortized, O(N) worst case
-%% @end
-%%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
--spec out(pqueue3()) ->
- {{'value', term()}, pqueue3()} | {'empty', pqueue3()}.
-
-out({_, _, empty, _} = Q) ->
- {empty, Q};
-out({Size, Offset, I, Bins}) ->
- {Result, NewI, NewBins} = out_check(
- I, Size, out_queue(layer_indexes(Size, I), Bins)
- ),
- {Result, {Size, Offset, NewI, NewBins}}.
-
-%%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-%% @doc
-%% ===Take an item of a specific priority from the head of the queue.===
-%% O(1) amortized, O(N) worst case
-%% @end
-%%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
--spec out(integer(), pqueue3()) ->
- {{'value', term()}, pqueue3()} | {'empty', pqueue3()}.
-
-out(P, {Size, Offset, _, _})
- when (P + Offset) < 0; (P + Offset) > Size ->
- erlang:exit(badarg);
-out(_, {_, _, empty, _} = Q) ->
- {empty, Q};
-out(P, {Size, Offset, I, Bins}) ->
- {Result, NewBins} = out_queue(layer_indexes(Size, P + Offset), Bins),
- {Result, {Size, Offset, I, NewBins}}.
-
-%%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-%% @doc
-%% ===Take an item from the head of the priority queue.===
-%% Includes the priority in the return value.
-%% O(1) amortized, O(N) worst case
-%% @end
-%%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
--spec pout(pqueue3()) ->
- {{'value', term(), integer()}, pqueue3()} | {'empty', pqueue3()}.
-
-pout({_, _, empty, _} = Q) ->
- {empty, Q};
-pout({Size, Offset, I, Bins}) ->
- {Result, NewI, NewBins} = pout_check(
- I, Size, Offset, out_queue(layer_indexes(Size, I), Bins)
- ),
- {Result, {Size, Offset, NewI, NewBins}}.
-
-%%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-%% @doc
-%% ===Convert the priority queue to a list.===
-%% O(N)
-%% @end
-%%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
--spec to_list(pqueue3()) -> list(term()).
-
-to_list(Q) ->
- to_list([], out(Q)).
-to_list(L, {empty, _}) ->
- lists:reverse(L);
-to_list(L, {{value, Value}, Q}) ->
- to_list([Value | L], out(Q)).
-
-%%%------------------------------------------------------------------------
-%%% Private functions
-%%%------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-create([]) ->
- queue:new();
-
-create([I | Is]) ->
- erlang:make_tuple(I + 1, create(Is)).
-
-in_queue({I1}, Value, Bins1) ->
- erlang:setelement(I1, Bins1, queue:in(Value, erlang:element(I1, Bins1)));
-
-in_queue({I1, I2}, Value, Bins1) ->
- Bins2 = erlang:element(I1, Bins1),
- erlang:setelement(I1, Bins1,
- erlang:setelement(I2, Bins2, queue:in(Value, erlang:element(I2, Bins2))));
-
-in_queue({I1, I2, I3}, Value, Bins1) ->
- Bins2 = erlang:element(I1, Bins1),
- Bins3 = erlang:element(I2, Bins2),
- erlang:setelement(I1, Bins1,
- erlang:setelement(I2, Bins2,
- erlang:setelement(I3, Bins3, queue:in(Value, erlang:element(I3, Bins3)))));
-
-in_queue({I1, I2, I3, I4}, Value, Bins1) ->
- Bins2 = erlang:element(I1, Bins1),
- Bins3 = erlang:element(I2, Bins2),
- Bins4 = erlang:element(I3, Bins3),
- erlang:setelement(I1, Bins1,
- erlang:setelement(I2, Bins2,
- erlang:setelement(I3, Bins3,
- erlang:setelement(I4, Bins4, queue:in(Value, erlang:element(I4, Bins4)))))).
-
-pout_check(Size, Size, _, {empty, Bins}) ->
- {empty, empty, Bins};
-pout_check(I, _, Offset, {{value, Value}, Bins}) ->
- {{value, Value, I - Offset}, I, Bins};
-pout_check(I, Size, Offset, {empty, Bins}) ->
- NewI = I + 1,
- pout_check(NewI, Size, Offset, out_queue(layer_indexes(Size, NewI), Bins)).
-
-out_check(Size, Size, {empty, Bins}) ->
- {empty, empty, Bins};
-out_check(I, _, {{value, _} = Result, Bins}) ->
- {Result, I, Bins};
-out_check(I, Size, {empty, Bins}) ->
- NewI = I + 1,
- out_check(NewI, Size, out_queue(layer_indexes(Size, NewI), Bins)).
-
-out_queue({I1}, Bins1) ->
- {Result, NewQueue} = queue:out(erlang:element(I1, Bins1)),
- {Result,
- erlang:setelement(I1, Bins1, NewQueue)};
-
-out_queue({I1, I2}, Bins1) ->
- Bins2 = erlang:element(I1, Bins1),
- {Result, NewQueue} = queue:out(erlang:element(I2, Bins2)),
- {Result,
- erlang:setelement(I1, Bins1,
- erlang:setelement(I2, Bins2, NewQueue))};
-
-out_queue({I1, I2, I3}, Bins1) ->
- Bins2 = erlang:element(I1, Bins1),
- Bins3 = erlang:element(I2, Bins2),
- {Result, NewQueue} = queue:out(erlang:element(I3, Bins3)),
- {Result,
- erlang:setelement(I1, Bins1,
- erlang:setelement(I2, Bins2,
- erlang:setelement(I3, Bins3, NewQueue)))};
-
-out_queue({I1, I2, I3, I4}, Bins1) ->
- Bins2 = erlang:element(I1, Bins1),
- Bins3 = erlang:element(I2, Bins2),
- Bins4 = erlang:element(I3, Bins3),
- {Result, NewQueue} = queue:out(erlang:element(I4, Bins4)),
- {Result,
- erlang:setelement(I1, Bins1,
- erlang:setelement(I2, Bins2,
- erlang:setelement(I3, Bins3,
- erlang:setelement(I4, Bins4, NewQueue))))}.
-
-layer_indexes(Size, PriorityIndex) ->
- if
- Size =< 127 ->
- {PriorityIndex + 1};
- Size =< 255 ->
- <<I1:4, I2:4>> = <<PriorityIndex:8>>,
- {I1 + 1, I2 + 1};
- Size =< 511 ->
- <<I1:4, I2:5>> = <<PriorityIndex:9>>,
- {I1 + 1, I2 + 1};
- Size =< 1023 ->
- <<I1:3, I2:3, I3:4>> = <<PriorityIndex:10>>,
- {I1 + 1, I2 + 1, I3 + 1};
- Size =< 2047 ->
- <<I1:3, I2:4, I3:4>> = <<PriorityIndex:11>>,
- {I1 + 1, I2 + 1, I3 + 1};
- Size =< 4095 ->
- <<I1:4, I2:4, I3:4>> = <<PriorityIndex:12>>,
- {I1 + 1, I2 + 1, I3 + 1};
- Size =< 8191 ->
- <<I1:4, I2:4, I3:5>> = <<PriorityIndex:13>>,
- {I1 + 1, I2 + 1, I3 + 1};
- Size =< 16383 ->
- <<I1:4, I2:5, I3:5>> = <<PriorityIndex:14>>,
- {I1 + 1, I2 + 1, I3 + 1};
- Size =< 32767 ->
- <<I1:3, I2:4, I3:4, I4:4>> = <<PriorityIndex:15>>,
- {I1 + 1, I2 + 1, I3 + 1, I4 + 1};
- Size =< 65535 ->
- <<I1:4, I2:4, I3:4, I4:4>> = <<PriorityIndex:16>>,
- {I1 + 1, I2 + 1, I3 + 1, I4 + 1}
- end.
-
-layer_sizes(Size) ->
- if
- Size =< 127 ->
- <<I1:7>> = <<127:7>>,
- [I1];
- Size =< 255 ->
- <<I1:4, I2:4>> = <<255:8>>,
- [I1, I2];
- Size =< 511 ->
- <<I1:4, I2:5>> = <<511:9>>,
- [I1, I2];
- Size =< 1023 ->
- <<I1:3, I2:3, I3:4>> = <<1023:10>>,
- [I1, I2, I3];
- Size =< 2047 ->
- <<I1:3, I2:4, I3:4>> = <<2047:11>>,
- [I1, I2, I3];
- Size =< 4095 ->
- <<I1:4, I2:4, I3:4>> = <<4095:12>>,
- [I1, I2, I3];
- Size =< 8191 ->
- <<I1:4, I2:4, I3:5>> = <<8191:13>>,
- [I1, I2, I3];
- Size =< 16383 ->
- <<I1:4, I2:5, I3:5>> = <<16383:14>>,
- [I1, I2, I3];
- Size =< 32767 ->
- <<I1:3, I2:4, I3:4, I4:4>> = <<32767:15>>,
- [I1, I2, I3, I4];
- Size =< 65535 ->
- <<I1:4, I2:4, I3:4, I4:4>> = <<65535:16>>,
- [I1, I2, I3, I4]
- end.
-