PostgreSQL> ]]>Installation InstructionsShort Version
./configure
gmake
gmake install
adduser postgres
su - postgres
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/initdb -D /usr/local/pgsql/data
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster -D /usr/local/pgsql/data >logfile 2>&1 &
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/createdb test
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/psql test
The long version is the rest of this
Requirements
In general, a modern Unix-compatible platform should be able to run
PostgreSQL. The platforms that had received explicit testing at the
time of release are listed in
below. In the doc> subdirectory of the distribution
there are several platform-specific FAQ> documents you
might wish to consult if you are having trouble.
The following prerequisites exist for building PostgreSQL>:
GNU> make> is required; other
make> programs will not> work.
GNU> make> is often installed under
the name gmake; this document will always
refer to it by that name. (On GNU/Linux systems GNU make is the
default tool with the name make>.) To test for
GNU make enter
gmake --version
If at all possible you should use version 3.76.1 or later.
You need an ISO>/ANSI> C compiler. Recent
versions of GCC> are recommendable, but
PostgreSQL> is known to build with a wide variety
of compilers from different vendors.
gzip>
The GNU> Readline> library for comfortable
line editing and command history retrieval will automatically be used
if found. You might wish to install it before proceeding, but it is not
required.
Flex> and Bison> are
not> required when building from a released source
package because the output files are pre-generated. You will
need these programs only when building from a CVS tree or when
the actual scanner and parser definition files were changed. If
you need them, be sure to get Flex> 2.5.4 or
later and Bison> 1.28 or later. Other yacc
programs can sometimes be used, but doing so requires extra
efforts and is not recommended. Other lex programs will
definitely not work.
To build on Windows NT> or Windows
2000> you need the Cygwin> and
cygipc> packages. See the file
doc/FAQ_MSWIN> for details.
If you need to get a GNU package, you can find
it at your local GNU mirror site (see http://www.gnu.org/order/ftp.html>
for a list) or at ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/.
Also check that you have sufficient disk space. You will need about
30 MB for the source tree during compilation and about 5 MB for the
installation directory. An empty database takes about 1 MB, later
it takes about five times the amount of space that a flat text file
with the same data would take. If you are going to run the
regression tests you will temporarily need an extra 20 MB. Use the
df command to check for disk space.
Getting The Source
The PostgreSQL> &version; sources can by obtained from ftp://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/postgresql-&version;.tar.gz.
Use a mirror if possible. Then unpack it:
gunzip postgresql-&version;.tar.gztar xf postgresql-&version;.tar
This will create a directory
postgresql-&version; with the PostgreSQL> sources
in the current directory. Change into that directory for the rest
of the installation procedure.
]]>
If You Are Upgrading
The internal data storage format changes with new releases of
PostgreSQL>. Therefore, if you are upgrading an
existing installation that does not have a version number
&majorversion;.x, you must back up and restore your
data as shown here. These instructions assume that your existing
installation is under the /usr/local/pgsql> directory,
and that the data area is in /usr/local/pgsql/data>.
Substitute your paths appropriately.
Make sure that your database is not updated during or after the
backup. This does not affect the integrity of the backup, but the
changed data would of course not be included. If necessary, edit
the permissions in the file
/usr/local/pgsql/data/pg_hba.conf> (or equivalent) to
disallow access from everyone except you.
To dump your database installation, type:
pg_dumpall > outputfile>
If you need to preserve the oids (such as when using them as
foreign keys), then use the -o option when running
pg_dumpall>.
Make sure that you use the pg_dumpall> command
from the version you are currently running. &version;'s
pg_dumpall> should not be used on older databases.
If you are installing the new version at the same location as the
old one then shut down the old server, at the latest before you
install the new files:
kill -INT `cat /usr/local/pgsql/data/postmaster.pid`>
Versions prior to 7.0 do not have this
postmaster.pid> file. If you are using such a version
you must find out the process id of the server yourself, for
example by typing ps ax | grep postmaster>, and
supply it to the kill> command.
On systems which have PostgreSQL> started at boot time, there is
probably a start-up file that will accomplish the same thing. For
example, on a Redhat Linux system one might find that
/etc/rc.d/init.d/postgres.init stop
works.
If you are installing in the same place as the old version then
it is also a good idea to move the old installation out of the
way, in case you still need it later on. Use a command like this:
mv /usr/local/pgsql /usr/local/pgsql.old>
After you have installed PostgreSQL> &version;, create a new database
directory and start the new server. Remember that you must execute
these commands while logged in to the special database user account
(which you already have if you are upgrading).
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/initdb -D /usr/local/pgsql/bin>
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster -D /usr/local/pgsql/bin>
Finally, restore your data with
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/psql -d template1 -f outputfile>
using the new> psql>.
You can also install the new version in parallel with the old one
to decrease the downtime. These topics are discussed at length in
Administrator's Guide>,]]>
,]]>
which you are encouraged
to read in any case. The pg_upgrade> utility can
also often be used.
Installation ProcedureConfiguration>
The first step of the installation procedure is to configure the
source tree for your system and choose the options you would like.
This is done by running the configure> script. For a
default installation simply enter
./configure
This script will run a number of tests to guess values for various
system dependent variables and detect some quirks of your
operating system, and finally creates several files in the build
tree to record what it found.
The default configuration will build the server and utilities, as
well as all client applications and interfaces that only require a
C compiler. All files will be installed under
/usr/local/pgsql> by default.
You can customize the build and installation process by supplying one
or more of the following command line options to
configure:
--prefix=PREFIX>
Install all files under the directory PREFIX>
instead of /usr/local/pgsql. The actual
files will be installed into various subdirectories; no files
will ever be installed directly into the
PREFIX> directory.
If you have special needs, you can also customize the
individual subdirectories with the following options.
--exec-prefix=EXEC-PREFIX>
You can install architecture-dependent files under a
different prefix, EXEC-PREFIX>, than what
PREFIX> was set to. This can be useful to
share architecture-independent files between hosts. If you
omit this, then EXEC-PREFIX> is set equal to
PREFIX> and both architecture dependent and
independent files will be installed under the same tree,
which is probably what you want.
--bindir=DIRECTORY>
Specifies the directory for executable programs. The default
is EXEC-PREFIX>/bin>, which
normally means /usr/local/pgsql/bin>.
--datadir=DIRECTORY>
Sets the directory for read-only data files used by the
installed programs. The default is
PREFIX>/share>. Note that this has
nothing to do with where your database files will be placed.
--sysconfdir=DIRECTORY>
The directory for various configuration files,
PREFIX>/etc> by default.
--libdir=DIRECTORY>
The location to install libraries and dynamically loadable
modules. The default is
EXEC-PREFIX>/lib>.
--includedir=DIRECTORY>
The directory for installing C and C++ header files. The
default is PREFIX>/include>.
--docdir=DIRECTORY>
Documentation files, except man> pages, will be
installed into this directory. The default is
PREFIX>/doc>.
--mandir=DIRECTORY>
The man pages that come with PostgreSQL> will be installed under
this directory, in their respective
manx>> subdirectories.
The default is PREFIX>/man>.
To reduce the pollution of shared installation locations (such
as /usr/local/include), the string
/postgresql is automatically
appended to datadir,
sysconfdir, includedir,
and docdir, unless the fully expanded
directory name already contains the string
postgres or pgsql. For example,
if you choose /usr/local as prefix, the C
header files will be installed in
/usr/local/include/postgresql, but if the
prefix is /opt/postgres, then they will be
in /opt/postgres/include.
--with-includes=DIRECTORIES>DIRECTORIES> is a colon-separated list of
directories that will be added to the list the compiler
searches for header files. If you have optional packages
(such as GNU Readline) installed in a non-standard location
you have to use this option and probably the corresponding
Example: --with-includes=/opt/gnu/include:/usr/sup/include>.
--with-libraries=DIRECTORIES>DIRECTORIES> is a colon-separated list of
directories to search for libraries. You will probably have
to use this option (and the corresponding
Example: --with-libraries=/opt/gnu/lib:/usr/sup/lib>.
--enable-locale
Enables locale support. There is a performance penalty
associated with locale support, but if you are not in an
English-speaking environment you will most likely need this.
--enable-recode
Enables single-byte character set recode support. See
Administrator's Guide]]>
]]> about this feature.
--enable-multibyte
Allows the use of multibyte character encodings. This is
primarily for languages like Japanese, Korean, and Chinese.
Read
Administrator's Guide]]>
]]>
for details.
--with-pgport=NUMBER>
Set NUMBER> as the default port number for
server and clients. The default is 5432. The port can always
be changed later on, but if you specify it here then both
server and clients will have the same default compiled in,
which can be very convenient.
--with-CXX
Build the C++ interface library.
--with-perl
Build the Perl interface module. The Perl interface
will be installed at the usual place for Perl modules
(typically under /usr/lib/perl), so you
must have root access to perform the installation step (see
). You need to have Perl 5 installed to
use this option.
--with-python
Build the Python interface module. You need to have root
access to be able to install the Python module at its default
place
(/usr/lib/pythonx>.y>>).
To be able to use this option, you must have Python installed
and your system needs to support shared libraries. If you
instead want to build a new complete interpreter binary, you
will have to do it manually.
--with-tcl
Builds components that require Tcl/Tk, which are libpgtcl,
pgtclsh, pgtksh, pgaccess, and PL/Tcl. But see below about
--without-tk
If you specify --with-tclconfig=DIRECTORY--with-tkconfig=DIRECTORY
Tcl/Tk installs the files tclConfig.sh and
tkConfig.sh which contain certain
configuration information that is needed to build modules
interfacing to Tcl or Tk. These files are normally found
automatically at their well-known location, but if you want to
use a different version of Tcl or Tk you can specify the
directory where to find them.
--enable-odbc
Build the ODBC driver package.
--with-odbcinst=DIRECTORY>
Specifies the directory where the ODBC driver will expect its
odbcinst.ini> configuration file. The default is
/usr/local/pgsql/etc or whatever you
specified as . A default file
will be installed there. If you intend to share the
odbcinst.ini> file between several ODBC drivers
then you may want to use this option.
--with-krb4=DIRECTORY>--with-krb5=DIRECTORY>
Build with suppport for Kerberos authentication. You can use
either Kerberos version 4 or 5, but not both. The
DIRECTORY> argument specifies the root
directory of the Kerberos installation;
/usr/athena> is assumed as default. If the
relevant headers files and libraries are not under a common
parent directory, then you must use the
configure> will check for the required header
files and libraries to make sure that your Kerberos
installation is sufficient before proceeding.
--with-krb-srvnam=NAME>
The name of the Kerberos service principal.
postgres is the default. There's probably no
reason to change this.
--with-openssl=DIRECTORY>
Build with support for SSL> (encrypted) connections.
This requires the OpenSSL> package to be installed.
The DIRECTORY> argument specifies the
root directory of the OpenSSL> installation; the
default is /usr/local/ssl>.
configure> will check for the required header
files and libraries to make sure that your OpenSSL>
installation is sufficient before proceeding.
--enable-syslog
Enables the PostgreSQL> server to use the
syslog logging facility. (Using this option does not mean
that you must log with syslog or even that it will be done
by default, it simply makes it possible to turn this option
on at run time.)
--enable-debug
Compiles all programs and libraries with debugging symbols.
This means that you can run the programs through a debugger
to analyze problems. This option is not recommended for
production use.
If you prefer a C or C++ compiler different from the one
configure picks then you can set the
environment variables CC> and CXX,
respectively, to the program of your choice. Similarly, you can
override the default compiler flags with the CFLAGS
and CXXFLAGS variables. For example:
env CC=/opt/bin/gcc CFLAGS='-02 -pipe' ./configure>
Build
To start the build, type
gmake
(Remember to use GNU> make>.) The build
can take anywhere from 5 minutes to half an hour. The last line
displayed should be
All of PostgreSQL is successfully made. Ready to install.
Regression Tests
If you want to test the newly built server before you install it,
you can run the regression tests at this point. The regression
tests are a test suite to verify that PostgreSQL>
runs on your machine in the way the developers expected it
to. Type
gmake check
It is possible that some tests fail, due to differences in error
message wording or floating point results.
src/test/regress/README> and the
Administrator's Guide contain]]>
contains]]>
detailed information about interpreting the test results. You can
repeat this test at any later time by issuing the same command.
Installing The Files
If you are upgrading an existing system and are going to install
the new files over the old ones then you should have backed up
your data and shut down the old server by now, as explained in
above.
To install PostgreSQL> enter
gmake install
This will install files into the directories that were specified
in . Make sure that you have appropriate
permissions to write into that area. Normally you need to do this
step as root. Alternatively, you could create the target
directories in advance and arrange for appropriate permissions to
be granted.
If you built the Perl or Python interfaces and you were not the
root user when you executed the above command then that part of
the installation probably failed. In that case you should become
the root user and then do
gmake -C src/interfaces/perl5 installgmake -C src/interfaces/python install
Due to a quirk in the Perl build environment the first command
will actually rebuild the complete interface and then install it.
This is not harmful, just unusual. If you do not have superuser
access you are on your own: you can still take the required files
and place them in other directories where Perl or Python can find
them, but how to do that is left as an exercise.
Client-only installation
If you want to install only the client applications and
interfaces, then you can use these commands:
gmake -C src/bin install>
gmake -C src/interfaces install>
gmake -C doc install>
To undo the installation use the command gmake
uninstall>. However, this will not remove the Perl and Python
interfaces and it will not remove any directories.
After the installation you can make room by removing the built
files from the source tree with the gmake clean>
command. This will preserve the choices made by the configure
program, so that you can rebuild everything with gmake>
later on. To reset the source tree to the state in which it was
distributed, use gmake distclean>. If you are going to
build for several platforms from the same source tree you must do
this and re-configure for each build.
Post-Installation SetupShared Libraries
On some systems that have shared libraries (which most systems do)
you need to tell your system how to find the newly installed
shared libraries. The systems on which this is
not necessary include FreeBSD, HP/UX, Irix,
Linux, NetBSD, OpenBSD, OSF/1 (Digital Unix, Tru64 UNIX), and
Solaris.
The method to set the shared library search path varies between
platforms, but the most widely usable method is to set the
environment variable LD_LIBRARY_PATH> like so: In Bourne
shells (sh, ksh, bash, zsh)
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/pgsql/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
or in csh or tcsh
setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH /usr/local/pgsql/lib
Replace /usr/local/pgsql/lib> with whatever you set
On some systems it might be preferrable to set the environment
variable LD_RUN_PATHbefore
building.
If in doubt, refer to the manual pages of your system (perhaps
ld.so or rld). If you later
on get a message like
psql: error in loading shared libraries
libpq.so.2.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
then this step was necessary. Simply take care of it then.
Environment Variables
If you installed into /usr/local/pgsql> or some other
location that is not searched for programs by default, you need to
add /usr/local/pgsql/bin> (or what you set
To enable your system to find the man>
documentation, you need to add a line like the following to a
shell start-up file:
MANPATH=$MANPATH:/usr/local/pgsql/man
The environment variables PGHOST> and PGPORT>
specify to client applications the host and port of the database
server, overriding the compiled-in defaults. If you are going to
run client applications remotely then it is convenient if every
user that plans to use the database sets PGHOST>, but it
is not required and the settings can be communicated via command
line options to most client programs.
Getting Started
The following is a quick summary of how to get PostgreSQL> up and
running once installed. The Administrator's Guide>
contains more information.
Create a user account for the PostgreSQL>
server. This is the user the server will run as. For production
use you should create a separate, unprivileged account
(postgres> is commonly used). If you do not have root
access or just want to play around, your own user account is
enough, but running the server as root is a security risk and
will not work.
adduser postgres>
Create a database installation with the initdb>
command. To run initdb> you must be logged in to your
PostgreSQL> server account. It will not work as
root.
root# mkdir /usr/local/pgsql/data>
root# chown postgres /usr/local/pgsql/data>
root# su - postgres>
postgres$ /usr/local/pgsql/bin/initdb -D /usr/local/pgsql/data>
The
The previous step should have told you how to start up the
database server. Do so now. The command should look something
like
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster -D /usr/local/pgsql/data
This will start the server in the foreground. To put the server
in the background use something like
nohup /usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster -D /usr/local/pgsql/data \
</dev/null >>server.log 2>&1 </dev/null &
To stop a server running in the background you can type
kill `cat /usr/local/pgsql/data/postmaster.pid`
In order to allow TCP/IP connections (rather than only Unix
domain socket ones) you need to pass the
Create a database:
createdb testdb>
Then enter
psql testdb>
to connect to that database. At the prompt you can enter SQL
commands and start experimenting.
What Now?
The Tutorial> should be your first reading if you
are completely new to SQL> databases. It should have
been installed at
/usr/local/pgsql/doc/tutorial/index.html> unless you
changed the installation directories.
If you are familiar with database concepts then you want to
proceed with the Administrator's Guide,
which contains information about how to set up the database
server, database users, and authentication. It can be found at
/usr/local/pgsql/doc/admin/index.html>.
Usually, you will want to modify your computer so that it will
automatically start the database server whenever it boots. Some
suggestions for this are in the Administrator's
Guide.
Run the regression tests against the installed server (using the
sequential test method). If you didn't run the tests before
installation, you should definitely do it now. This is also
explained in the Administrator's Guide.
]]>
Supported Platforms
At the time of release, PostgreSQL> &version; has been verified by the
developer community to work on the following platforms. A supported
platform generally means that PostgreSQL> builds and installs according
to these instructions and that the regression tests pass, except
for minor differences.
If you are having problems with the installation on a supported
platform, please write to pgsql-bugs@postgresql.org
or pgsql-ports@postgresql.org, not to the people
listed here.
OSProcessorVersionReportedRemarksAIX 4.3.2RS60007.02000-04-05, Andread Zeugswetter (Andreas.Zeugswetter@telecom.at>)See also doc/FAQ_AIX>BSDI 4.01x867.02000-04-04, Bruce Momjian (pgman@candle.pha.pa.us>)Compaq Tru64 5.0Alpha7.02000-04-11, Andrew McMurry (andrew.mcmurry@astro.uio.no>)>
FreeBSD 4.0x867.02000-04-04, Marc Fournier (scrappy@hub.org>)>
HPUX 9.0x and 10.20PA-RISC7.02000-04-12, Tom Lane (tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>)See also doc/FAQ_HPUX>>
IRIX 6.5.6fMIPS6.5.32000-02-18, Kevin Wheatley (hxpro@cinesite.co.uk>)MIPSPro 7.3.1.1m N32 buildLinux 2.0.xAlpha7.02000-04-05, Ryan Kirkpatrick (pgsql@rkirkpat.net>)with published patchesLinux 2.2.xarmv4l7.02000-04-17, Mark Knox (segfault@hardline.org>)Regression test needs work.Linux 2.2.xx867.02000-03-26, Lamar Owen (lamar.owen@wgcr.org>)>
Linux 2.0.xMIPS7.02000-04-13, Tatsuo Ishii (t-ishii@sra.co.jp>)Cobalt QubeLinux 2.2.5Sparc7.02000-04-02, Tom Szybist (szybist@boxhill.com>)>
LinuxPPC R4PPC603e7.02000-04-13, Tatsuo Ishii (t-ishii@sra.co.jp>)>
mklinuxPPC7507.02000-04-13, Tatsuo Ishii (t-ishii@sra.co.jp>)>
NetBSD 1.4arm327.02000-04-08, Patrick Welche (prlw1@newn.cam.ac.uk>)>
NetBSD 1.4Ux867.02000-03-26, Patrick Welche (prlw1@newn.cam.ac.uk>)>
NetBSDm68k7.02000-04-10, Henry B. Hotz (hotz@jpl.nasa.gov>)Mac 8xxNetBSDSparc7.02000-04-13, Tom I. Helbekkmo (tih@kpnQwest.no>)>
QNX 4.25x867.02000-04-01, Dr. Andreas Kardos (kardos@repas-aeg.de>)See also doc/FAQ_QNX4>>
SCO OpenServer 5x866.51999-05-25, Andrew Merrill (andrew@compclass.com>)See also doc/FAQ_SCO>>
SCO UnixWare 7x867.02000-04-18, Billy G. Allie (Bill.Allie@mug.org>)See also doc/FAQ_SCO>Solarisx867.02000-04-12, Marc Fournier (scrappy@hub.org>)>
Solaris 2.5.1-2.7Sparc7.02000-04-12, Peter Eisentraut (peter_e@gmx.net),
Marc Fournier (scrappy@hub.org>)>
SunOS 4.1.4Sparc7.02000-04-13, Tatsuo Ishii (t-ishii@sra.co.jp>)>
Windows/Win32x867.02000-04-02, Magnus Hagander (mha@sollentuna.net>)Client-side libraries or ODBC/JDBC, no server-sideWinNT/Cygwinx867.02000-03-30, Daniel Horak (horak@sit.plzen-city.cz>)with RedHat/Cygnus Cygwin> toolsetUnsupported Platforms
The following platforms have not been verified to work. Platforms
listed for version 6.3.x and later should also work with
&version;, but we did not receive explicit confirmation of such at
the time this list was compiled. We include these here to let you
know that these platforms could> be supported if given
some attention.
OSProcessorVersionReportedRemarksBeOSx867.02000-05-01, Adam Haberlach (adam@newsnipple.com>)Client-side coming soon?DGUX 5.4R4.11m88k6.31998-03-01, Brian E Gallew (geek+@cmu.edu>)6.4 probably OK. Needs new maintainer.NetBSD 1.3VAX6.31998-03-01, Tom I Helbekkmo (tih@kpnQwest.no>)7.0 should work.System V R4 4.4m88k6.2.11998-03-01, Doug Winterburn (dlw@seavme.xroads.com>)Needs new TAS spinlock codeSystem V R4MIPS6.41998-10-28, Frank Ridderbusch (ridderbusch.pad@sni.de>)No 64-bit integerUltrixMIPS, VAX6.x1998-03-01No recent reports. Obsolete?MacOSall6.x1998-03-01Not library compatible; use ODBC/JDBC.NextStepx866.x1998-03-01, David Wetzel (dave@turbocat.de)Client-only support