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* Initial pgindent and pgperltidy run for v14.Tom Lane2021-05-12
| | | | | | | | Also "make reformat-dat-files". The only change worthy of note is that pgindent messed up the formatting of launcher.c's struct LogicalRepWorkerId, which led me to notice that that struct wasn't used at all anymore, so I just took it out.
* Make pg_get_statisticsobjdef_expressions return NULLTomas Vondra2021-05-07
| | | | | | | | | The usual behavior for functions in ruleutils.c is to return NULL when the object does not exist. pg_get_statisticsobjdef_expressions raised an error instead, so correct that. Reported-by: Justin Pryzby Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20210505210947.GA27406%40telsasoft.com
* SQL-standard function bodyPeter Eisentraut2021-04-07
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This adds support for writing CREATE FUNCTION and CREATE PROCEDURE statements for language SQL with a function body that conforms to the SQL standard and is portable to other implementations. Instead of the PostgreSQL-specific AS $$ string literal $$ syntax, this allows writing out the SQL statements making up the body unquoted, either as a single statement: CREATE FUNCTION add(a integer, b integer) RETURNS integer LANGUAGE SQL RETURN a + b; or as a block CREATE PROCEDURE insert_data(a integer, b integer) LANGUAGE SQL BEGIN ATOMIC INSERT INTO tbl VALUES (a); INSERT INTO tbl VALUES (b); END; The function body is parsed at function definition time and stored as expression nodes in a new pg_proc column prosqlbody. So at run time, no further parsing is required. However, this form does not support polymorphic arguments, because there is no more parse analysis done at call time. Dependencies between the function and the objects it uses are fully tracked. A new RETURN statement is introduced. This can only be used inside function bodies. Internally, it is treated much like a SELECT statement. psql needs some new intelligence to keep track of function body boundaries so that it doesn't send off statements when it sees semicolons that are inside a function body. Tested-by: Jaime Casanova <jcasanov@systemguards.com.ec> Reviewed-by: Julien Rouhaud <rjuju123@gmail.com> Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/1c11f1eb-f00c-43b7-799d-2d44132c02d7@2ndquadrant.com
* Change return type of EXTRACT to numericPeter Eisentraut2021-04-06
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | The previous implementation of EXTRACT mapped internally to date_part(), which returned type double precision (since it was implemented long before the numeric type existed). This can lead to imprecise output in some cases, so returning numeric would be preferrable. Changing the return type of an existing function is a bit risky, so instead we do the following: We implement a new set of functions, which are now called "extract", in parallel to the existing date_part functions. They work the same way internally but use numeric instead of float8. The EXTRACT construct is now mapped by the parser to these new extract functions. That way, dumps of views etc. from old versions (which would use date_part) continue to work unchanged, but new uses will map to the new extract functions. Additionally, the reverse compilation of EXTRACT now reproduces the original syntax, using the new mechanism introduced in 40c24bfef92530bd846e111c1742c2a54441c62c. The following minor changes of behavior result from the new implementation: - The column name from an isolated EXTRACT call is now "extract" instead of "date_part". - Extract from date now rejects inappropriate field names such as HOUR. It was previously mapped internally to extract from timestamp, so it would silently accept everything appropriate for timestamp. - Return values when extracting fields with possibly fractional values, such as second and epoch, now have the full scale that the value has internally (so, for example, '1.000000' instead of just '1'). Reported-by: Petr Fedorov <petr.fedorov@phystech.edu> Reviewed-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/42b73d2d-da12-ba9f-570a-420e0cce19d9@phystech.edu
* Rework planning and execution of UPDATE and DELETE.Tom Lane2021-03-31
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This patch makes two closely related sets of changes: 1. For UPDATE, the subplan of the ModifyTable node now only delivers the new values of the changed columns (i.e., the expressions computed in the query's SET clause) plus row identity information such as CTID. ModifyTable must re-fetch the original tuple to merge in the old values of any unchanged columns. The core advantage of this is that the changed columns are uniform across all tables of an inherited or partitioned target relation, whereas the other columns might not be. A secondary advantage, when the UPDATE involves joins, is that less data needs to pass through the plan tree. The disadvantage of course is an extra fetch of each tuple to be updated. However, that seems to be very nearly free in context; even worst-case tests don't show it to add more than a couple percent to the total query cost. At some point it might be interesting to combine the re-fetch with the tuple access that ModifyTable must do anyway to mark the old tuple dead; but that would require a good deal of refactoring and it seems it wouldn't buy all that much, so this patch doesn't attempt it. 2. For inherited UPDATE/DELETE, instead of generating a separate subplan for each target relation, we now generate a single subplan that is just exactly like a SELECT's plan, then stick ModifyTable on top of that. To let ModifyTable know which target relation a given incoming row refers to, a tableoid junk column is added to the row identity information. This gets rid of the horrid hack that was inheritance_planner(), eliminating O(N^2) planning cost and memory consumption in cases where there were many unprunable target relations. Point 2 of course requires point 1, so that there is a uniform definition of the non-junk columns to be returned by the subplan. We can't insist on uniform definition of the row identity junk columns however, if we want to keep the ability to have both plain and foreign tables in a partitioning hierarchy. Since it wouldn't scale very far to have every child table have its own row identity column, this patch includes provisions to merge similar row identity columns into one column of the subplan result. In particular, we can merge the whole-row Vars typically used as row identity by FDWs into one column by pretending they are type RECORD. (It's still okay for the actual composite Datums to be labeled with the table's rowtype OID, though.) There is more that can be done to file down residual inefficiencies in this patch, but it seems to be committable now. FDW authors should note several API changes: * The argument list for AddForeignUpdateTargets() has changed, and so has the method it must use for adding junk columns to the query. Call add_row_identity_var() instead of manipulating the parse tree directly. You might want to reconsider exactly what you're adding, too. * PlanDirectModify() must now work a little harder to find the ForeignScan plan node; if the foreign table is part of a partitioning hierarchy then the ForeignScan might not be the direct child of ModifyTable. See postgres_fdw for sample code. * To check whether a relation is a target relation, it's no longer sufficient to compare its relid to root->parse->resultRelation. Instead, check it against all_result_relids or leaf_result_relids, as appropriate. Amit Langote and Tom Lane Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CA+HiwqHpHdqdDn48yCEhynnniahH78rwcrv1rEX65-fsZGBOLQ@mail.gmail.com
* Allow an alias to be attached to a JOIN ... USINGPeter Eisentraut2021-03-31
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This allows something like SELECT ... FROM t1 JOIN t2 USING (a, b, c) AS x where x has the columns a, b, c and unlike a regular alias it does not hide the range variables of the tables being joined t1 and t2. Per SQL:2016 feature F404 "Range variable for common column names". Reviewed-by: Vik Fearing <vik.fearing@2ndquadrant.com> Reviewed-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/454638cf-d563-ab76-a585-2564428062af@2ndquadrant.com
* Extended statistics on expressionsTomas Vondra2021-03-27
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Allow defining extended statistics on expressions, not just just on simple column references. With this commit, expressions are supported by all existing extended statistics kinds, improving the same types of estimates. A simple example may look like this: CREATE TABLE t (a int); CREATE STATISTICS s ON mod(a,10), mod(a,20) FROM t; ANALYZE t; The collected statistics are useful e.g. to estimate queries with those expressions in WHERE or GROUP BY clauses: SELECT * FROM t WHERE mod(a,10) = 0 AND mod(a,20) = 0; SELECT 1 FROM t GROUP BY mod(a,10), mod(a,20); This introduces new internal statistics kind 'e' (expressions) which is built automatically when the statistics object definition includes any expressions. This represents single-expression statistics, as if there was an expression index (but without the index maintenance overhead). The statistics is stored in pg_statistics_ext_data as an array of composite types, which is possible thanks to 79f6a942bd. CREATE STATISTICS allows building statistics on a single expression, in which case in which case it's not possible to specify statistics kinds. A new system view pg_stats_ext_exprs can be used to display expression statistics, similarly to pg_stats and pg_stats_ext views. ALTER TABLE ... ALTER COLUMN ... TYPE now treats indexes the same way it treats indexes, i.e. it drops and recreates the statistics. This means all statistics are reset, and we no longer try to preserve at least the functional dependencies. This should not be a major issue in practice, as the functional dependencies actually rely on per-column statistics, which were always reset anyway. Author: Tomas Vondra Reviewed-by: Justin Pryzby, Dean Rasheed, Zhihong Yu Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/ad7891d2-e90c-b446-9fe2-7419143847d7%40enterprisedb.com
* Implement GROUP BY DISTINCTTomas Vondra2021-03-18
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | With grouping sets, it's possible that some of the grouping sets are duplicate. This is especially common with CUBE and ROLLUP clauses. For example GROUP BY CUBE (a,b), CUBE (b,c) is equivalent to GROUP BY GROUPING SETS ( (a, b, c), (a, b, c), (a, b, c), (a, b), (a, b), (a, b), (a), (a), (a), (c, a), (c, a), (c, a), (c), (b, c), (b), () ) Some of the grouping sets are calculated multiple times, which is mostly unnecessary. This commit implements a new GROUP BY DISTINCT feature, as defined in the SQL standard, which eliminates the duplicate sets. Author: Vik Fearing Reviewed-by: Erik Rijkers, Georgios Kokolatos, Tomas Vondra Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/bf3805a8-d7d1-ae61-fece-761b7ff41ecc@postgresfriends.org
* Enhanced cycle mark valuesPeter Eisentraut2021-02-27
| | | | | | | | | Per SQL:202x draft, in the CYCLE clause of a recursive query, the cycle mark values can be of type boolean and can be omitted, in which case they default to TRUE and FALSE. Reviewed-by: Vik Fearing <vik@postgresfriends.org> Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/db80ceee-6f97-9b4a-8ee8-3ba0c58e5be2@2ndquadrant.com
* SEARCH and CYCLE clausesPeter Eisentraut2021-02-01
| | | | | | | | | | | | This adds the SQL standard feature that adds the SEARCH and CYCLE clauses to recursive queries to be able to do produce breadth- or depth-first search orders and detect cycles. These clauses can be rewritten into queries using existing syntax, and that is what this patch does in the rewriter. Reviewed-by: Vik Fearing <vik@postgresfriends.org> Reviewed-by: Pavel Stehule <pavel.stehule@gmail.com> Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/db80ceee-6f97-9b4a-8ee8-3ba0c58e5be2@2ndquadrant.com
* Fix broken ruleutils support for function TRANSFORM clauses.Tom Lane2021-01-25
| | | | | | | | I chanced to notice that this dumped core due to a faulty Assert. To add insult to injury, the output has been misformatted since v11. Obviously we need some regression testing here. Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/d1cc628c-3953-4209-957b-29427acc38c8@www.fastmail.com
* Add bytea equivalents of ltrim() and rtrim().Tom Lane2021-01-18
| | | | | | | | We had bytea btrim() already, but for some reason not the other two. Joel Jacobson Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/d10cd5cd-a901-42f1-b832-763ac6f7ff3a@www.fastmail.com
* Update copyright for 2021Bruce Momjian2021-01-02
| | | | Backpatch-through: 9.5
* Improve hash_create()'s API for some added robustness.Tom Lane2020-12-15
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Invent a new flag bit HASH_STRINGS to specify C-string hashing, which was formerly the default; and add assertions insisting that exactly one of the bits HASH_STRINGS, HASH_BLOBS, and HASH_FUNCTION be set. This is in hopes of preventing recurrences of the type of oversight fixed in commit a1b8aa1e4 (i.e., mistakenly omitting HASH_BLOBS). Also, when HASH_STRINGS is specified, insist that the keysize be more than 8 bytes. This is a heuristic, but it should catch accidental use of HASH_STRINGS for integer or pointer keys. (Nearly all existing use-cases set the keysize to NAMEDATALEN or more, so there's little reason to think this restriction should be problematic.) Tweak hash_create() to insist that the HASH_ELEM flag be set, and remove the defaults it had for keysize and entrysize. Since those defaults were undocumented and basically useless, no callers omitted HASH_ELEM anyway. Also, remove memset's zeroing the HASHCTL parameter struct from those callers that had one. This has never been really necessary, and while it wasn't a bad coding convention it was confusing that some callers did it and some did not. We might as well save a few cycles by standardizing on "not". Also improve the documentation for hash_create(). In passing, improve reinit.c's usage of a hash table by storing the key as a binary Oid rather than a string; and, since that's a temporary hash table, allocate it in CurrentMemoryContext for neatness. Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/590625.1607878171@sss.pgh.pa.us
* Change get_constraint_index() to use pg_constraint.conindidPeter Eisentraut2020-12-09
| | | | | | | | | | | | | It was still using a scan of pg_depend instead of using the conindid column that has been added since. Since it is now just a catalog lookup wrapper and not related to pg_depend, move from pg_depend.c to lsyscache.c. Reviewed-by: Matthias van de Meent <boekewurm+postgres@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> Reviewed-by: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz> Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/4688d55c-9a2e-9a5a-d166-5f24fe0bf8db%40enterprisedb.com
* Move catalog index declarationsPeter Eisentraut2020-11-07
| | | | | | | | | | | | Move the system catalog index declarations from catalog/indexing.h to the respective parent tables' catalog/pg_*.h files. The original reason for having it split was that the old genbki system produced the output in the order of the catalog files it read, so all the indexing stuff needed to come separately. But this is no longer the case, and keeping it together makes more sense. Reviewed-by: John Naylor <john.naylor@enterprisedb.com> Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/c7cc82d6-f976-75d6-2e3e-b03d2cab26bb@2ndquadrant.com
* Improve our ability to regurgitate SQL-syntax function calls.Tom Lane2020-11-04
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | The SQL spec calls out nonstandard syntax for certain function calls, for example substring() with numeric position info is supposed to be spelled "SUBSTRING(string FROM start FOR count)". We accept many of these things, but up to now would not print them in the same format, instead simplifying down to "substring"(string, start, count). That's long annoyed me because it creates an interoperability problem: we're gratuitously injecting Postgres-specific syntax into what might otherwise be a perfectly spec-compliant view definition. However, the real reason for addressing it right now is to support a planned change in the semantics of EXTRACT() a/k/a date_part(). When we switch that to returning numeric, we'll have the parser translate EXTRACT() to some new function name (might as well be "extract" if you ask me) and then teach ruleutils.c to reverse-list that per SQL spec. In this way existing calls to date_part() will continue to have the old semantics. To implement this, invent a new CoercionForm value COERCE_SQL_SYNTAX, and make the parser insert that rather than COERCE_EXPLICIT_CALL when the input has SQL-spec decoration. (But if the input has the form of a plain function call, continue to mark it COERCE_EXPLICIT_CALL, even if it's calling one of these functions.) Then ruleutils.c recognizes COERCE_SQL_SYNTAX as a cue to emit SQL call syntax. It can know which decoration to emit using hard-wired knowledge about the functions that could be called this way. (While this solution isn't extensible without manual additions, neither is the grammar, so this doesn't seem unmaintainable.) Notice that this solution will reverse-list a function call with SQL decoration only if it was entered that way; so dump-and-reload will not by itself produce any changes in the appearance of views. This requires adding a CoercionForm field to struct FuncCall. (I couldn't resist the temptation to rearrange that struct's field order a tad while I was at it.) FuncCall doesn't appear in stored rules, so that change isn't a reason for a catversion bump, but I did one anyway because the new enum value for CoercionForm fields could confuse old backend code. Possible future work: * Perhaps CoercionForm should now be renamed to DisplayForm, or something like that, to reflect its more general meaning. This'd require touching a couple hundred places, so it's not clear it's worth the code churn. * The SQLValueFunction node type, which was invented partly for the same goal of improving SQL-compatibility of view output, could perhaps be replaced with regular function calls marked with COERCE_SQL_SYNTAX. It's unclear if this would be a net code savings, however. Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/42b73d2d-da12-ba9f-570a-420e0cce19d9@phystech.edu
* Remove special checks for pg_rewrite.ev_qual and ev_action being NULL.Tom Lane2020-11-02
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | make_ruledef() and make_viewdef() were coded to cope with possible null-ness of these columns, but they've been marked BKI_FORCE_NOT_NULL for some time. So there's not really any need to do more than what we do for the other columns of pg_rewrite, i.e. just Assert that we got non-null results. (There is a school of thought that says Asserts aren't the thing to do to check for corrupt data, but surely here is not the place to start if we want such a policy.) Also, remove long-dead-if-indeed-it-ever-wasn't-dead handling of an empty actions list in make_ruledef(). That's an error case and should be treated as such. (DO INSTEAD NOTHING is represented by a CMD_NOTHING Query, not an empty list; cf transformRuleStmt.) Kyotaro Horiguchi, some changes by me Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAEudQApoA=tMTic6xEPYP_hsNZ8XtToVThK_0x7D_aFQYowq3w@mail.gmail.com
* Rethink the generation rule for fmgroids.h macros.Tom Lane2020-11-02
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Traditionally, the names of fmgroids.h macros for pg_proc OIDs have been constructed from the prosrc field. But sometimes the same C function underlies multiple pg_proc entries, forcing us to make an arbitrary choice of which OID to reference; the other entries are then not namable via fmgroids.h. Moreover, we could not have macros at all for pg_proc entries that aren't for C-coded functions. Instead, use the proname field, and append the proargtypes field (replacing inter-argument spaces with underscores) if proname is not unique. Special-casing unique entries such as F_OIDEQ removes the need to change a lot of code. Indeed, I can only find two places in the tree that need to be adjusted; while this changes quite a few existing entries in fmgroids.h, few of them are referenced from C code. With this patch, all entries in pg_proc.dat have macros in fmgroids.h. Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/472274.1604258384@sss.pgh.pa.us
* Fixup some appendStringInfo and appendPQExpBuffer callsDavid Rowley2020-10-15
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | A number of places were using appendStringInfo() when they could have been using appendStringInfoString() instead. While there's no functionality change there, it's just more efficient to use appendStringInfoString() when no formatting is required. Likewise for some appendStringInfoString() calls which were just appending a single char. We can just use appendStringInfoChar() for that. Additionally, many places were using appendPQExpBuffer() when they could have used appendPQExpBufferStr(). Change those too. Patch by Zhijie Hou, but further searching by me found significantly more places that deserved the same treatment. Author: Zhijie Hou, David Rowley Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/cb172cf4361e4c7ba7167429070979d4@G08CNEXMBPEKD05.g08.fujitsu.local
* Add for_each_from, to simplify loops starting from non-first list cells.Tom Lane2020-09-28
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | We have a dozen or so places that need to iterate over all but the first cell of a List. Prior to v13 this was typically written as for_each_cell(lc, lnext(list_head(list))) Commit 1cff1b95a changed these to for_each_cell(lc, list, list_second_cell(list)) This patch introduces a new macro for_each_from() which expresses the start point as a list index, allowing these to be written as for_each_from(lc, list, 1) This is marginally more efficient, since ForEachState.i can be initialized directly instead of backing into it from a ListCell address. It also seems clearer and less typo-prone. Some of the remaining uses of for_each_cell() look like they could profitably be changed to for_each_from(), but here I confined myself to changing uses of list_second_cell(). Also, fix for_each_cell_setup() and for_both_cell_setup() to const-ify their arguments; that's a simple oversight in 1cff1b95a. Back-patch into v13, on the grounds that (1) the const-ification is a minor bug fix, and (2) it's better for back-patching purposes if we only have two ways to write these loops rather than three. In HEAD, also remove list_third_cell() and list_fourth_cell(), which were also introduced in 1cff1b95a, and are unused as of cc99baa43. It seems unlikely that any third-party code would have started to use them already; anyone who has can be directed to list_nth_cell instead. Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAApHDvpo1zj9KhEpU2cCRZfSM3Q6XGdhzuAS2v79PH7WJBkYVA@mail.gmail.com
* Move resolution of AlternativeSubPlan choices to the planner.Tom Lane2020-09-27
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | When commit bd3daddaf introduced AlternativeSubPlans, I had some ambitions towards allowing the choice of subplan to change during execution. That has not happened, or even been thought about, in the ensuing twelve years; so it seems like a failed experiment. So let's rip that out and resolve the choice of subplan at the end of planning (in setrefs.c) rather than during executor startup. This has a number of positive benefits: * Removal of a few hundred lines of executor code, since AlternativeSubPlans need no longer be supported there. * Removal of executor-startup overhead (particularly, initialization of subplans that won't be used). * Removal of incidental costs of having a larger plan tree, such as tree-scanning and copying costs in the plancache; not to mention setrefs.c's own costs of processing the discarded subplans. * EXPLAIN no longer has to print a weird (and undocumented) representation of an AlternativeSubPlan choice; it sees only the subplan actually used. This should mean less confusion for users. * Since setrefs.c knows which subexpression of a plan node it's working on at any instant, it's possible to adjust the estimated number of executions of the subplan based on that. For example, we should usually estimate more executions of a qual expression than a targetlist expression. The implementation used here is pretty simplistic, because we don't want to expend a lot of cycles on the issue; but it's better than ignoring the point entirely, as the executor had to. That last point might possibly result in shifting the choice between hashed and non-hashed EXISTS subplans in a few cases, but in general this patch isn't meant to change planner choices. Since we're doing the resolution so late, it's really impossible to change any plan choices outside the AlternativeSubPlan itself. Patch by me; thanks to David Rowley for review. Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/1992952.1592785225@sss.pgh.pa.us
* Remove support for postfix (right-unary) operators.Tom Lane2020-09-17
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This feature has been a thorn in our sides for a long time, causing many grammatical ambiguity problems. It doesn't seem worth the pain to continue to support it, so remove it. There are some follow-on improvements we can make in the grammar, but this commit only removes the bare minimum number of productions, plus assorted backend support code. Note that pg_dump and psql continue to have full support, since they may be used against older servers. However, pg_dump warns about postfix operators. There is also a check in pg_upgrade. Documentation-wise, I (tgl) largely removed the "left unary" terminology in favor of saying "prefix operator", which is a more standard and IMO less confusing term. I included a catversion bump, although no initial catalog data changes here, to mark the boundary at which oprkind = 'r' stopped being valid in pg_operator. Mark Dilger, based on work by myself and Robert Haas; review by John Naylor Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/38ca86db-42ab-9b48-2902-337a0d6b8311@2ndquadrant.com
* Replace remaining StrNCpy() by strlcpy()Peter Eisentraut2020-08-10
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | They are equivalent, except that StrNCpy() zero-fills the entire destination buffer instead of providing just one trailing zero. For all but a tiny number of callers, that's just overhead rather than being desirable. Remove StrNCpy() as it is now unused. In some cases, namestrcpy() is the more appropriate function to use. While we're here, simplify the API of namestrcpy(): Remove the return value, don't check for NULL input. Nothing was using that anyway. Also, remove a few unused name-related functions. Reviewed-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/44f5e198-36f6-6cdb-7fa9-60e34784daae%402ndquadrant.com
* Mop up some no-longer-necessary hacks around printf %.*s format.Tom Lane2020-06-29
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Commit 54cd4f045 added some kluges to work around an old glibc bug, namely that %.*s could misbehave if glibc thought any characters in the supplied string were incorrectly encoded. Now that we use our own snprintf.c implementation, we need not worry about that bug (even if it still exists in the wild). Revert a couple of particularly ugly hacks, and remove or improve assorted comments. Note that there can still be encoding-related hazards here: blindly clipping at a fixed length risks producing wrongly-encoded output if the clip splits a multibyte character. However, code that's doing correct multibyte-aware clipping doesn't really need a comment about that, while code that isn't needs an explanation why not, rather than a red-herring comment about an obsolete bug. Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/279428.1593373684@sss.pgh.pa.us
* Run pgindent with new pg_bsd_indent version 2.1.1.Tom Lane2020-05-16
| | | | | | | | | | | Thomas Munro fixed a longstanding annoyance in pg_bsd_indent, that it would misformat lines containing IsA() macros on the assumption that the IsA() call should be treated like a cast. This improves some other cases involving field/variable names that match typedefs, too. The only places that get worse are a couple of uses of the OpenSSL macro STACK_OF(); we'll gladly take that trade-off. Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20200114221814.GA19630@alvherre.pgsql
* Initial pgindent and pgperltidy run for v13.Tom Lane2020-05-14
| | | | | | | | | | | Includes some manual cleanup of places that pgindent messed up, most of which weren't per project style anyway. Notably, it seems some people didn't absorb the style rules of commit c9d297751, because there were a bunch of new occurrences of function calls with a newline just after the left paren, all with faulty expectations about how the rest of the call would get indented.
* Support FETCH FIRST WITH TIESAlvaro Herrera2020-04-07
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | WITH TIES is an option to the FETCH FIRST N ROWS clause (the SQL standard's spelling of LIMIT), where you additionally get rows that compare equal to the last of those N rows by the columns in the mandatory ORDER BY clause. There was a proposal by Andrew Gierth to implement this functionality in a more powerful way that would yield more features, but the other patch had not been finished at this time, so we decided to use this one for now in the spirit of incremental development. Author: Surafel Temesgen <surafel3000@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Álvaro Herrera <alvherre@alvh.no-ip.org> Reviewed-by: Tomas Vondra <tomas.vondra@2ndquadrant.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CALAY4q9ky7rD_A4vf=FVQvCGngm3LOes-ky0J6euMrg=_Se+ag@mail.gmail.com Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/87o8wvz253.fsf@news-spur.riddles.org.uk
* Implement operator class parametersAlexander Korotkov2020-03-30
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | PostgreSQL provides set of template index access methods, where opclasses have much freedom in the semantics of indexing. These index AMs are GiST, GIN, SP-GiST and BRIN. There opclasses define representation of keys, operations on them and supported search strategies. So, it's natural that opclasses may be faced some tradeoffs, which require user-side decision. This commit implements opclass parameters allowing users to set some values, which tell opclass how to index the particular dataset. This commit doesn't introduce new storage in system catalog. Instead it uses pg_attribute.attoptions, which is used for table column storage options but unused for index attributes. In order to evade changing signature of each opclass support function, we implement unified way to pass options to opclass support functions. Options are set to fn_expr as the constant bytea expression. It's possible due to the fact that opclass support functions are executed outside of expressions, so fn_expr is unused for them. This commit comes with some examples of opclass options usage. We parametrize signature length in GiST. That applies to multiple opclasses: tsvector_ops, gist__intbig_ops, gist_ltree_ops, gist__ltree_ops, gist_trgm_ops and gist_hstore_ops. Also we parametrize maximum number of integer ranges for gist__int_ops. However, the main future usage of this feature is expected to be json, where users would be able to specify which way to index particular json parts. Catversion is bumped. Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/d22c3a18-31c7-1879-fc11-4c1ce2f5e5af%40postgrespro.ru Author: Nikita Glukhov, revised by me Reviwed-by: Nikolay Shaplov, Robert Haas, Tom Lane, Tomas Vondra, Alvaro Herrera
* Introduce macros for typalign and typstorage constants.Tom Lane2020-03-04
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Our usual practice for "poor man's enum" catalog columns is to define macros for the possible values and use those, not literal constants, in C code. But for some reason lost in the mists of time, this was never done for typalign/attalign or typstorage/attstorage. It's never too late to make it better though, so let's do that. The reason I got interested in this right now is the need to duplicate some uses of the TYPSTORAGE constants in an upcoming ALTER TYPE patch. But in general, this sort of change aids greppability and readability, so it's a good idea even without any specific motivation. I may have missed a few places that could be converted, and it's even more likely that pending patches will re-introduce some hard-coded references. But that's not fatal --- there's no expectation that we'd actually change any of these values. We can clean up stragglers over time. Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/16457.1583189537@sss.pgh.pa.us
* Clean up newlines following left parenthesesAlvaro Herrera2020-01-30
| | | | | | | | | | | | We used to strategically place newlines after some function call left parentheses to make pgindent move the argument list a few chars to the left, so that the whole line would fit under 80 chars. However, pgindent no longer does that, so the newlines just made the code vertically longer for no reason. Remove those newlines, and reflow some of those lines for some extra naturality. Reviewed-by: Michael Paquier, Tom Lane Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20200129200401.GA6303@alvherre.pgsql
* Reconsider the representation of join alias Vars.Tom Lane2020-01-09
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | The core idea of this patch is to make the parser generate join alias Vars (that is, ones with varno pointing to a JOIN RTE) only when the alias Var is actually different from any raw join input, that is a type coercion and/or COALESCE is necessary to generate the join output value. Otherwise just generate varno/varattno pointing to the relevant join input column. In effect, this means that the planner's flatten_join_alias_vars() transformation is already done in the parser, for all cases except (a) columns that are merged by JOIN USING and are transformed in the process, and (b) whole-row join Vars. In principle that would allow us to skip doing flatten_join_alias_vars() in many more queries than we do now, but we don't have quite enough infrastructure to know that we can do so --- in particular there's no cheap way to know whether there are any whole-row join Vars. I'm not sure if it's worth the trouble to add a Query-level flag for that, and in any case it seems like fit material for a separate patch. But even without skipping the work entirely, this should make flatten_join_alias_vars() faster, particularly where there are nested joins that it previously had to flatten recursively. An essential part of this change is to replace Var nodes' varnoold/varoattno fields with varnosyn/varattnosyn, which have considerably more tightly-defined meanings than the old fields: when they differ from varno/varattno, they identify the Var's position in an aliased JOIN RTE, and the join alias is what ruleutils.c should print for the Var. This is necessary because the varno change destroyed ruleutils.c's ability to find the JOIN RTE from the Var's varno. Another way in which this change broke ruleutils.c is that it's no longer feasible to determine, from a JOIN RTE's joinaliasvars list, which join columns correspond to which columns of the join's immediate input relations. (If those are sub-joins, the joinaliasvars entries may point to columns of their base relations, not the sub-joins.) But that was a horrid mess requiring a lot of fragile assumptions already, so let's just bite the bullet and add some more JOIN RTE fields to make it more straightforward to figure that out. I added two integer-List fields containing the relevant column numbers from the left and right input rels, plus a count of how many merged columns there are. This patch depends on the ParseNamespaceColumn infrastructure that I added in commit 5815696bc. The biggest bit of code change is restructuring transformFromClauseItem's handling of JOINs so that the ParseNamespaceColumn data is propagated upward correctly. Other than that and the ruleutils fixes, everything pretty much just works, though some processing is now inessential. I grabbed two pieces of low-hanging fruit in that line: 1. In find_expr_references, we don't need to recurse into join alias Vars anymore. There aren't any except for references to merged USING columns, which are more properly handled when we scan the join's RTE. This change actually fixes an edge-case issue: we will now record a dependency on any type-coercion function present in a USING column's joinaliasvar, even if that join column has no references in the query text. The odds of the missing dependency causing a problem seem quite small: you'd have to posit somebody dropping an implicit cast between two data types, without removing the types themselves, and then having a stored rule containing a whole-row Var for a join whose USING merge depends on that cast. So I don't feel a great need to change this in the back branches. But in theory this way is more correct. 2. markRTEForSelectPriv and markTargetListOrigin don't need to recurse into join alias Vars either, because the cases they care about don't apply to alias Vars for USING columns that are semantically distinct from the underlying columns. This removes the only case in which markVarForSelectPriv could be called with NULL for the RTE, so adjust the comments to describe that hack as being strictly internal to markRTEForSelectPriv. catversion bump required due to changes in stored rules. Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/7115.1577986646@sss.pgh.pa.us
* Update copyrights for 2020Bruce Momjian2020-01-01
| | | | Backpatch-through: update all files in master, backpatch legal files through 9.4
* Revert "Rename files and headers related to index AM"Michael Paquier2019-12-27
| | | | | | | | This follows multiple complains from Peter Geoghegan, Andres Freund and Alvaro Herrera that this issue ought to be dug more before actually happening, if it happens. Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20191226144606.GA5659@alvherre.pgsql
* Rename files and headers related to index AMMichael Paquier2019-12-25
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | The following renaming is done so as source files related to index access methods are more consistent with table access methods (the original names used for index AMs ware too generic, and could be confused as including features related to table AMs): - amapi.h -> indexam.h. - amapi.c -> indexamapi.c. Here we have an equivalent with backend/access/table/tableamapi.c. - amvalidate.c -> indexamvalidate.c. - amvalidate.h -> indexamvalidate.h. - genam.c -> indexgenam.c. - genam.h -> indexgenam.h. This has been discussed during the development of v12 when table AM was worked on, but the renaming never happened. Author: Michael Paquier Reviewed-by: Fabien Coelho, Julien Rouhaud Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20191223053434.GF34339@paquier.xyz
* Further adjust EXPLAIN's choices of table alias names.Tom Lane2019-12-11
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This patch causes EXPLAIN to always assign a separate table alias to the parent RTE of an append relation (inheritance set); before, such RTEs were ignored if not actually scanned by the plan. Since the child RTEs now always have that same alias to start with (cf. commit 55a1954da), the net effect is that the parent RTE usually gets the alias used or implied by the query text, and the children all get that alias with "_N" appended. (The exception to "usually" is if there are duplicate aliases in different subtrees of the original query; then some of those original RTEs will also have "_N" appended.) This results in more uniform output for partitioned-table plans than we had before: the partitioned table itself gets the original alias, and all child tables have aliases with "_N", rather than the previous behavior where one of the children would get an alias without "_N". The reason for giving the parent RTE an alias, even if it isn't scanned by the plan, is that we now use the parent's alias to qualify Vars that refer to an appendrel output column and appear above the Append or MergeAppend that computes the appendrel. But below the append, Vars refer to some one of the child relations, and are displayed that way. This seems clearer than the old behavior where a Var that could carry values from any child relation was displayed as if it referred to only one of them. While at it, change ruleutils.c so that the code paths used by EXPLAIN deal in Plan trees not PlanState trees. This effectively reverts a decision made in commit 1cc29fe7c, which seemed like a good idea at the time to make ruleutils.c consistent with explain.c. However, it's problematic because we'd really like to allow executor startup pruning to remove all the children of an append node when possible, leaving no child PlanState to resolve Vars against. (That's not done here, but will be in the next patch.) This requires different handling of subplans and initplans than before, but is otherwise a pretty straightforward change. Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/001001d4f44b$2a2cca50$7e865ef0$@lab.ntt.co.jp
* Further fix dumping of views that contain just VALUES(...).Tom Lane2019-11-16
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | It turns out that commit e9f1c01b7 missed a case: we must print a VALUES clause in long format if get_query_def is given a resultDesc that would require the query's output column name(s) to be different from what the bare VALUES clause would produce. This applies in case an ALTER ... RENAME COLUMN has been done to a view that formerly could be printed in simple format, as shown in the added regression test case. It also explains bug #16119 from Dmitry Telpt, because it turns out that (unlike CREATE VIEW) CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW fails to apply any column aliases it's given to the stored ON SELECT rule. So to get them to be printed, we have to account for the resultDesc renaming. It might be worth changing the matview code so that it creates the ON SELECT rule with the correct aliases; but we'd still need these messy checks in get_simple_values_rte to handle the case of a subsequent column rename, so any such change would be just neatnik-ism not a bug fix. Like the previous patch, back-patch to all supported branches. Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/16119-e64823f30a45a754@postgresql.org
* Finish reverting commit 0a52d378b.Tom Lane2019-11-12
| | | | | | | | | | Apply the solution adopted in commit dcb7d3caf (ie, explicitly don't call memcmp for a zero-length comparison) to func_get_detail() as well, removing one other place where we were passing an uninitialized array to a parse_func.c entry point. Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/MN2PR18MB2927F24692485D754794F01BE3740@MN2PR18MB2927.namprd18.prod.outlook.com Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/MN2PR18MB2927F6873DF2774A505AC298E3740@MN2PR18MB2927.namprd18.prod.outlook.com
* Make the order of the header file includes consistent in backend modules.Amit Kapila2019-11-12
| | | | | | | | | | | Similar to commits 7e735035f2 and dddf4cdc33, this commit makes the order of header file inclusion consistent for backend modules. In the passing, removed a couple of duplicate inclusions. Author: Vignesh C Reviewed-by: Kuntal Ghosh and Amit Kapila Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CALDaNm2Sznv8RR6Ex-iJO6xAdsxgWhCoETkaYX=+9DW3q0QCfA@mail.gmail.com
* Rationalize use of list_concat + list_copy combinations.Tom Lane2019-08-12
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | In the wake of commit 1cff1b95a, the result of list_concat no longer shares the ListCells of the second input. Therefore, we can replace "list_concat(x, list_copy(y))" with just "list_concat(x, y)". To improve call sites that were list_copy'ing the first argument, or both arguments, invent "list_concat_copy()" which produces a new list sharing no ListCells with either input. (This is a bit faster than "list_concat(list_copy(x), y)" because it makes the result list the right size to start with.) In call sites that were not list_copy'ing the second argument, the new semantics mean that we are usually leaking the second List's storage, since typically there is no remaining pointer to it. We considered inventing another list_copy variant that would list_free the second input, but concluded that for most call sites it isn't worth worrying about, given the relative compactness of the new List representation. (Note that in cases where such leakage would happen, the old code already leaked the second List's header; so we're only discussing the size of the leak not whether there is one. I did adjust two or three places that had been troubling to free that header so that they manually free the whole second List.) Patch by me; thanks to David Rowley for review. Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/11587.1550975080@sss.pgh.pa.us
* Require the schema qualification in pg_temp.type_name(arg).Noah Misch2019-08-05
| | | | | | | | | | | | Commit aa27977fe21a7dfa4da4376ad66ae37cb8f0d0b5 introduced this restriction for pg_temp.function_name(arg); do likewise for types created in temporary schemas. Programs that this breaks should add "pg_temp." schema qualification or switch to arg::type_name syntax. Back-patch to 9.4 (all supported versions). Reviewed by Tom Lane. Reported by Tom Lane. Security: CVE-2019-10208
* Fix inconsistencies and typos in the tree, take 9Michael Paquier2019-08-05
| | | | | | | | This addresses more issues with code comments, variable names and unreferenced variables. Author: Alexander Lakhin Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/7ab243e0-116d-3e44-d120-76b3df7abefd@gmail.com
* Use appendBinaryStringInfo in more places where the length is knownDavid Rowley2019-07-23
| | | | | | | | | | When we already know the length that we're going to append, then it makes sense to use appendBinaryStringInfo instead of appendStringInfoString so that the append can be performed with a simple memcpy() using a known length rather than having to first perform a strlen() call to obtain the length. Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAKJS1f8+FRAM1s5+mAa3isajeEoAaicJ=4e0WzrH3tAusbbiMQ@mail.gmail.com
* Fix inconsistencies and typos in the treeMichael Paquier2019-07-16
| | | | | | | | | | | This is numbered take 7, and addresses a set of issues around: - Fixes for typos and incorrect reference names. - Removal of unneeded comments. - Removal of unreferenced functions and structures. - Fixes regarding variable name consistency. Author: Alexander Lakhin Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/10bfd4ac-3e7c-40ab-2b2e-355ed15495e8@gmail.com
* Represent Lists as expansible arrays, not chains of cons-cells.Tom Lane2019-07-15
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Originally, Postgres Lists were a more or less exact reimplementation of Lisp lists, which consist of chains of separately-allocated cons cells, each having a value and a next-cell link. We'd hacked that once before (commit d0b4399d8) to add a separate List header, but the data was still in cons cells. That makes some operations -- notably list_nth() -- O(N), and it's bulky because of the next-cell pointers and per-cell palloc overhead, and it's very cache-unfriendly if the cons cells end up scattered around rather than being adjacent. In this rewrite, we still have List headers, but the data is in a resizable array of values, with no next-cell links. Now we need at most two palloc's per List, and often only one, since we can allocate some values in the same palloc call as the List header. (Of course, extending an existing List may require repalloc's to enlarge the array. But this involves just O(log N) allocations not O(N).) Of course this is not without downsides. The key difficulty is that addition or deletion of a list entry may now cause other entries to move, which it did not before. For example, that breaks foreach() and sister macros, which historically used a pointer to the current cons-cell as loop state. We can repair those macros transparently by making their actual loop state be an integer list index; the exposed "ListCell *" pointer is no longer state carried across loop iterations, but is just a derived value. (In practice, modern compilers can optimize things back to having just one loop state value, at least for simple cases with inline loop bodies.) In principle, this is a semantics change for cases where the loop body inserts or deletes list entries ahead of the current loop index; but I found no such cases in the Postgres code. The change is not at all transparent for code that doesn't use foreach() but chases lists "by hand" using lnext(). The largest share of such code in the backend is in loops that were maintaining "prev" and "next" variables in addition to the current-cell pointer, in order to delete list cells efficiently using list_delete_cell(). However, we no longer need a previous-cell pointer to delete a list cell efficiently. Keeping a next-cell pointer doesn't work, as explained above, but we can improve matters by changing such code to use a regular foreach() loop and then using the new macro foreach_delete_current() to delete the current cell. (This macro knows how to update the associated foreach loop's state so that no cells will be missed in the traversal.) There remains a nontrivial risk of code assuming that a ListCell * pointer will remain good over an operation that could now move the list contents. To help catch such errors, list.c can be compiled with a new define symbol DEBUG_LIST_MEMORY_USAGE that forcibly moves list contents whenever that could possibly happen. This makes list operations significantly more expensive so it's not normally turned on (though it is on by default if USE_VALGRIND is on). There are two notable API differences from the previous code: * lnext() now requires the List's header pointer in addition to the current cell's address. * list_delete_cell() no longer requires a previous-cell argument. These changes are somewhat unfortunate, but on the other hand code using either function needs inspection to see if it is assuming anything it shouldn't, so it's not all bad. Programmers should be aware of these significant performance changes: * list_nth() and related functions are now O(1); so there's no major access-speed difference between a list and an array. * Inserting or deleting a list element now takes time proportional to the distance to the end of the list, due to moving the array elements. (However, it typically *doesn't* require palloc or pfree, so except in long lists it's probably still faster than before.) Notably, lcons() used to be about the same cost as lappend(), but that's no longer true if the list is long. Code that uses lcons() and list_delete_first() to maintain a stack might usefully be rewritten to push and pop at the end of the list rather than the beginning. * There are now list_insert_nth...() and list_delete_nth...() functions that add or remove a list cell identified by index. These have the data-movement penalty explained above, but there's no search penalty. * list_concat() and variants now copy the second list's data into storage belonging to the first list, so there is no longer any sharing of cells between the input lists. The second argument is now declared "const List *" to reflect that it isn't changed. This patch just does the minimum needed to get the new implementation in place and fix bugs exposed by the regression tests. As suggested by the foregoing, there's a fair amount of followup work remaining to do. Also, the ENABLE_LIST_COMPAT macros are finally removed in this commit. Code using those should have been gone a dozen years ago. Patch by me; thanks to David Rowley, Jesper Pedersen, and others for review. Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/11587.1550975080@sss.pgh.pa.us
* Use appendStringInfoString and appendPQExpBufferStr where possibleDavid Rowley2019-07-04
| | | | | | | | | | This changes various places where appendPQExpBuffer was used in places where it was possible to use appendPQExpBufferStr, and likewise for appendStringInfo and appendStringInfoString. This is really just a stylistic improvement, but there are also small performance gains to be had from doing this. Discussion: http://postgr.es/m/CAKJS1f9P=M-3ULmPvr8iCno8yvfDViHibJjpriHU8+SXUgeZ=w@mail.gmail.com
* Fix incorrect printing of queries with duplicated join names.Tom Lane2019-06-12
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Given a query in which multiple JOIN nodes used the same alias (which'd necessarily be in different sub-SELECTs), ruleutils.c would assign the JOIN nodes distinct aliases for clarity ... but then it forgot to print the modified aliases when dumping the JOIN nodes themselves. This results in a dump/reload hazard for views, because the emitted query is flat-out incorrect: Vars will be printed with table names that have no referent. This has been wrong for a long time, so back-patch to all supported branches. Philip Dubé Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CY4PR2101MB080246F2955FF58A6ED1FEAC98140@CY4PR2101MB0802.namprd21.prod.outlook.com
* Phase 2 pgindent run for v12.Tom Lane2019-05-22
| | | | | | | | | Switch to 2.1 version of pg_bsd_indent. This formats multiline function declarations "correctly", that is with additional lines of parameter declarations indented to match where the first line's left parenthesis is. Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAEepm=0P3FeTXRcU5B2W3jv3PgRVZ-kGUXLGfd42FFhUROO3ug@mail.gmail.com
* Initial pgindent run for v12.Tom Lane2019-05-22
| | | | | | | | This is still using the 2.0 version of pg_bsd_indent. I thought it would be good to commit this separately, so as to document the differences between 2.0 and 2.1 behavior. Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/16296.1558103386@sss.pgh.pa.us
* Fix tablespace inheritance for partitioned relsAlvaro Herrera2019-04-25
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Commit ca4103025dfe left a few loose ends. The most important one (broken pg_dump output) is already fixed by virtue of commit 3b23552ad8bb, but some things remained: * When ALTER TABLE rewrites tables, the indexes must remain in the tablespace they were originally in. This didn't work because index recreation during ALTER TABLE runs manufactured SQL (yuck), which runs afoul of default_tablespace in competition with the parent relation tablespace. To fix, reset default_tablespace to the empty string temporarily, and add the TABLESPACE clause as appropriate. * Setting a partitioned rel's tablespace to the database default is confusing; if it worked, it would direct the partitions to that tablespace regardless of default_tablespace. But in reality it does not work, and making it work is a larger project. Therefore, throw an error when this condition is detected, to alert the unwary. Add some docs and tests, too. Author: Álvaro Herrera Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAKJS1f_1c260nOt_vBJ067AZ3JXptXVRohDVMLEBmudX1YEx-A@mail.gmail.com