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* Increase default maintenance_io_concurrency to 16Melanie Plageman2025-03-18
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Since its introduction in fc34b0d9de27a, the default maintenance_io_concurrency has been larger than the default effective_io_concurrency. maintenance_io_concurrency primarily controlled prefetching done on behalf of the whole system, for operations like recovery. Therefore it makes sense for it to have a value equal to or greater than effective_io_concurrency, which controls I/O concurrency for reading a relation in a bitmap heap scan. ff79b5b2ab increased effective_io_concurrency to 16, so we'll increase maintenance_io_concurrency as well. For now, though, we'll keep the defaults of effective_io_concurrency and maintenance_io_concurrency equal to one another (16). On fast, high IOPs systems, significantly higher values of maintenance_io_concurrency are observably beneficial [1]. However, such values would flood low IOPs systems and increase overall system I/O latency. It is worth mentioning that since 9256822608f and c3e775e608f, maintenance_io_concurrency also controls the I/O concurrency of each vacuum worker. Since many autovacuum workers may be simultaneously issuing I/Os, we want to keep maintenance_io_concurrency appropriately conservative. [1] https://postgr.es/m/c5d52837-6256-0556-ac8c-d6d3d558820a%40enterprisedb.com Suggested-by: Jakub Wartak <jakub.wartak@enterprisedb.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAKZiRmxdHQaU%2B2Zpe6d%3Dx%3D0vigJ1sfWwwVYLJAf%3Dud_wQ_VcUw%40mail.gmail.com
* Fix indentation again.Robert Haas2025-03-18
| | | | Because somehow I manage to keep forgetting this.
* Make it possible for loadable modules to add EXPLAIN options.Robert Haas2025-03-18
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Modules can use RegisterExtensionExplainOption to register new EXPLAIN options, and GetExplainExtensionId, GetExplainExtensionState, and SetExplainExtensionState to store related state inside the ExplainState object. Since this substantially increases the amount of code that needs to handle ExplainState-related tasks, move a few bits of existing code to a new file explain_state.c and add the rest of this infrastructure there. See the comments at the top of explain_state.c for further explanation of how this mechanism works. This does not yet provide a way for such such options to do anything useful. The intention is that we'll add hooks for that purpose in a separate commit. Discussion: http://postgr.es/m/CA+TgmoYSzg58hPuBmei46o8D3SKX+SZoO4K_aGQGwiRzvRApLg@mail.gmail.com Reviewed-by: Srinath Reddy <srinath2133@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Andrei Lepikhov <lepihov@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> Reviewed-by: Sami Imseih <samimseih@gmail.com>
* Allow non-btree unique indexes for matviewsPeter Eisentraut2025-03-18
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | We were rejecting non-btree indexes in some cases owing to the inability to determine the equality operators for other index AMs; that problem no longer exists, because we can look up the equality operator using COMPARE_EQ. Stop rejecting these indexes, but instead rely on all unique indexes having equality operators. Unique indexes must have equality operators. Author: Mark Dilger <mark.dilger@enterprisedb.com> Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/E72EAA49-354D-4C2E-8EB9-255197F55330@enterprisedb.com
* Allow non-btree unique indexes for partition keysPeter Eisentraut2025-03-18
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | We were rejecting non-btree indexes in some cases owing to the inability to determine the equality operators for other index AMs; that problem no longer exists, because we can look up the equality operator using COMPARE_EQ. The problem of not knowing the strategy number for equality in other index AMs is already resolved. Stop rejecting the indexes upfront, and instead reject any for which the equality operator lookup fails. Author: Mark Dilger <mark.dilger@enterprisedb.com> Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/E72EAA49-354D-4C2E-8EB9-255197F55330@enterprisedb.com
* Add some opfamily support functions to lsyscache.cPeter Eisentraut2025-03-18
| | | | | | | | | | Add get_opfamily_method() and get_opfamily_member_for_cmptype() in lsyscache.c. No callers yet, but we'll add some soon. This is part of generalizing some parts of the code away from having btree hardcoded and use CompareType instead. Author: Mark Dilger <mark.dilger@enterprisedb.com> Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/E72EAA49-354D-4C2E-8EB9-255197F55330@enterprisedb.com
* Fix typo.Amit Kapila2025-03-18
| | | | | | Author: vignesh C <vignesh21@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CALDaNm1KqJ0VFfDJRPbfYi9Shz6LHFEE-Ckn+eqsePfKhebv9w@mail.gmail.com
* Use correct variable name in publicationcmds.c.Amit Kapila2025-03-18
| | | | | | | | subid was used at few places for publicationid in publicationcmds.c/.h. Author: vignesh C <vignesh21@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CALDaNm1KqJ0VFfDJRPbfYi9Shz6LHFEE-Ckn+eqsePfKhebv9w@mail.gmail.com
* Fix the test 005_char_signedness.Masahiko Sawada2025-03-17
| | | | | | | | | | | pg_upgrade test 005_char_signedness was leaving files like delete_old_cluster.sh in the source directory for VPATH and meson builds. The fix is to change the directory to tmp_check before running the test. Reported-by: Robert Haas <robertmhaas@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Robert Haas <robertmhaas@gmail.com> Discussion: http://postgr.es/m/CA+TgmoYg5e4oznn0XGoJ3+mceG1qe_JJt34rF2JLwvGS5T1hgQ@mail.gmail.com
* psql: Add \sendpipeline to send query buffers while in a pipelineMichael Paquier2025-03-18
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | In the initial pipeline support for psql added in 41625ab8ea3d, \g was used as the way to push extended query into an ongoing pipeline. \gx was blocked. These two meta-commands have format-related options that can be applied when fetching a query result (expanded, etc.). As the results of a pipeline are fetched asynchronously, not at the moment of the meta-command execution but at the moment of a \getresults or a \endpipeline, authorizing \g while blocking \gx leads to a confusing implementation, making one think that psql should be smart enough to remember the output format options defined from the time when \g or \gx were executed. Doing so would lead to more code complications when retrieving a batch of results. There is an extra argument other than simplicity here: the output format options defined at the point of a \getresults or a \endpipeline execution should be what affect the output format for a batch of results. To avoid any confusion, we have settled to the introduction of a new meta-command called \sendpipeline, replacing \g when within a pipeline. An advantage of this design is that it is possible to add new options specific to pipelines when sending a query buffer, independent of \g and \gx, should it prove to be necessary. Most of the changes of this commit happen in the regression tests, where \g is replaced by \sendpipeline. More tests are added to check that \g is not allowed. Per discussion between the author, Daniel Vérité and me. Author: Anthonin Bonnefoy <anthonin.bonnefoy@datadoghq.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/ad4b9f1a-f7fe-4ab8-8546-90754726d0be@manitou-mail.org
* aio: Add core asynchronous I/O infrastructureAndres Freund2025-03-17
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | The main motivations to use AIO in PostgreSQL are: a) Reduce the time spent waiting for IO by issuing IO sufficiently early. In a few places we have approximated this using posix_fadvise() based prefetching, but that is fairly limited (no completion feedback, double the syscalls, only works with buffered IO, only works on some OSs). b) Allow to use Direct-I/O (DIO). DIO can offload most of the work for IO to hardware and thus increase throughput / decrease CPU utilization, as well as reduce latency. While we have gained the ability to configure DIO in d4e71df6, it is not yet usable for real world workloads, as every IO is executed synchronously. For portability, the new AIO infrastructure allows to implement AIO using different methods. The choice of the AIO method is controlled by the new io_method GUC. As of this commit, the only implemented method is "sync", i.e. AIO is not actually executed asynchronously. The "sync" method exists to allow to bypass most of the new code initially. Subsequent commits will introduce additional IO methods, including a cross-platform method implemented using worker processes and a linux specific method using io_uring. To allow different parts of postgres to use AIO, the core AIO infrastructure does not need to know what kind of files it is operating on. The necessary behavioral differences for different files are abstracted as "AIO Targets". One example target would be smgr. For boring portability reasons, all targets currently need to be added to an array in aio_target.c. This commit does not implement any AIO targets, just the infrastructure for them. The smgr target will be added in a later commit. Completion (and other events) of IOs for one type of file (i.e. one AIO target) need to be reacted to differently, based on the IO operation and the callsite. This is made possible by callbacks that can be registered on IOs. E.g. an smgr read into a local buffer does not need to update the corresponding BufferDesc (as there is none), but a read into shared buffers does. This commit does not contain any callbacks, they will be added in subsequent commits. For now the AIO infrastructure only understands READV and WRITEV operations, but it is expected that more operations will be added. E.g. fsync/fdatasync, flush_range and network operations like send/recv. As of this commit, nothing uses the AIO infrastructure. Later commits will add an smgr target, md.c and bufmgr.c callbacks and then finally use AIO for read_stream.c IO, which, in one fell swoop, will convert all read stream users to AIO. The goal is to use AIO in many more places. There are patches to use AIO for checkpointer and bgwriter that are reasonably close to being ready. There also are prototypes to use it for WAL, relation extension, backend writes and many more. Those prototypes were important to ensure the design of the AIO subsystem is not too limiting (e.g. WAL writes need to happen in critical sections, which influenced a lot of the design). A future commit will add an AIO README explaining the AIO architecture and how to use the AIO subsystem. The README is added later, as it references details only added in later commits. Many many more people than the folks named below have contributed with feedback, work on semi-independent patches etc. E.g. various folks have contributed patches to use the read stream infrastructure (added by Thomas in b5a9b18cd0b) in more places. Similarly, a *lot* of folks have contributed to the CI infrastructure, which I had started to work on to make adding AIO feasible. Some of the work by contributors has gone into the "v1" prototype of AIO, which heavily influenced the current design of the AIO subsystem. None of the code from that directly survives, but without the prototype, the current version of the AIO infrastructure would not exist. Similarly, the reviewers below have not necessarily looked at the current design or the whole infrastructure, but have provided very valuable input. I am to blame for problems, not they. Author: Andres Freund <andres@anarazel.de> Co-authored-by: Thomas Munro <thomas.munro@gmail.com> Co-authored-by: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <byavuz81@gmail.com> Co-authored-by: Melanie Plageman <melanieplageman@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Heikki Linnakangas <hlinnaka@iki.fi> Reviewed-by: Noah Misch <noah@leadboat.com> Reviewed-by: Jakub Wartak <jakub.wartak@enterprisedb.com> Reviewed-by: Melanie Plageman <melanieplageman@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Robert Haas <robertmhaas@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Dmitry Dolgov <9erthalion6@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Antonin Houska <ah@cybertec.at> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/uvrtrknj4kdytuboidbhwclo4gxhswwcpgadptsjvjqcluzmah%40brqs62irg4dt Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20210223100344.llw5an2aklengrmn@alap3.anarazel.de Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/stj36ea6yyhoxtqkhpieia2z4krnam7qyetc57rfezgk4zgapf@gcnactj4z56m
* aio: Basic subsystem initializationAndres Freund2025-03-17
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This commit just does the minimal wiring up of the AIO subsystem, added in the next commit, to the rest of the system. The next commit contains more details about motivation and architecture. This commit is kept separate to make it easier to review, separating the changes across the tree, from the implementation of the new subsystem. We discussed squashing this commit with the main commit before merging AIO, but there has been a mild preference for keeping it separate. Reviewed-by: Heikki Linnakangas <hlinnaka@iki.fi> Reviewed-by: Noah Misch <noah@leadboat.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/uvrtrknj4kdytuboidbhwclo4gxhswwcpgadptsjvjqcluzmah%40brqs62irg4dt
* Add commit 203c1b4cc4 to .git-blame-ignore-revs.Nathan Bossart2025-03-17
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* Fix indentation.Robert Haas2025-03-17
| | | | | Commit 99aeb84703177308c1541e2d11c09fdc59acb724 wasn't fully reindented prior to commit.
* pg_upgrade: Remove some dead code.Nathan Bossart2025-03-17
| | | | | | | Since commit e469f0aaf3, tablespace_suffix can't be empty. Reviewed-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/Z9hc3mkYFKR56Xof%40nathan
* tests: Expand temp table tests to some pin related mattersAndres Freund2025-03-17
| | | | | | | | | | | Added tests: - recovery from running out of unpinned local buffers - that we don't run out of unpinned buffers due to read stream (only recently fixed, in 92fc6856cb4) - temp tables can't be dropped while in use by cursors Discussion: weskknhckugbdm2yt7sa2uq53xlsax67gcdkac34sanb7qpd3p@hcc2wadao5wy Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/ge6nsuddurhpmll3xj22vucvqwp4agqz6ndtcf2mhyeydzarst@l75dman5x53p
* pg_combinebackup: Add -k, --link option.Robert Haas2025-03-17
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This is similar to pg_upgrade's --link option, except that here we won't typically be able to use it for every input file: sometimes we will need to reconstruct a complete backup from blocks stored in different files. However, when a whole file does need to be copied, we can use an optimized copying strategy: see the existing --clone and --copy-file-range options and the code to use CopyFile() on Windows. This commit adds a new strategy: add a hard link to an existing file. Making a hard link doesn't actually copy anything, but it makes sense for the code to treat it as doing so. This is useful when the input directories are merely staging directories that will be removed once the restore is complete. In such cases, there is no need to actually copy the data, and making a bunch of new hard links can be very quick. However, it would be quite dangerous to use it if the input directories might later be reused for any other purpose, since starting postgres on the output directory would destructively modify the input directories. For that reason, using this new option causes pg_combinebackup to emit a warning about the danger involved. Author: Israel Barth Rubio <barthisrael@gmail.com> Co-authored-by: Robert Haas <robertmhaas@gmail.com> (cosmetic changes) Reviewed-by: Vignesh C <vignesh21@gmail.com> Discussion: http://postgr.es/m/CA+TgmoaEFsYHsMefNaNkU=2SnMRufKE3eVJxvAaX=OWgcnPmPg@mail.gmail.com
* Unify wording of user-facing "row security" messages.Tom Lane2025-03-17
| | | | | | | | | Row-level security is mostly referred to as "row security" in user-facing messages. Commit cd3c45125 introduced one inconsistent use of "row level security"; make that one match the rest. Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20250317.135305.573764276033358827.horikyota.ntt@gmail.com
* Fix inconsistent quoting for some options in TAP testsMichael Paquier2025-03-17
| | | | | | | | | | | | This commit addresses some inconsistencies with how the options of some routines from PostgreSQL/Test/ are written, mainly for init() and init_from_backup() in Cluster.pm. These are written as unquoted, except in the locations updated here. Changes extracted from a larger patch by the same author. Author: Dagfinn Ilmari Mannsåker <ilmari@ilmari.org> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/87jz8rzf3h.fsf@wibble.ilmari.org
* Apply more consistent style for command options in TAP testsMichael Paquier2025-03-17
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | This commit reshapes the grammar of some commands to apply a more consistent style across the board, following rules similar to ce1b0f9da03e: - Elimination of some pointless used-once variables. - Use of long options, to self-document better the options used. - Use of fat commas to link option names and their assigned values, including redirections, so as perltidy can be tricked to put them together. Author: Dagfinn Ilmari Mannsåker <ilmari@ilmari.org> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/87jz8rzf3h.fsf@wibble.ilmari.org
* Revert "Add redo LSN to pgstats files"Michael Paquier2025-03-17
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This reverts commit b860848232aa, that was added as a prerequisite for the support of pgstats data flush across checkpoints, linking a pgstats file to a specific checkpoint redo LSN. As reported, this is proving to be currently problematic when going through a pg_upgrade, that does direct manipulations of the control file in the new cluster. The LSN stored in the pgstats file is not able to cope with any changes done in the control file by pg_upgrade yet, causing the pgstats file to be discarded when starting the new cluster after overriding its redo LSN (one is a `pg_resetwal -l` where the new cluster's start LSN is bumped by a hardcoded value of 8 segments, see copy_xact_xlog_xid). The least painful path going forward is likely going to be a refactor of the pgstats code so as it is possible to read and write some of its data with some routines in src/common/, so as pg_upgrade or pg_resetwal are able to update its data. The main point is that we are going to need a LSN in the stats file should we make it written at checkpoint time and not only as part of a shutdown sequence. It is too late to dive into these details for v18, so let's revert the change, and let's try to figure out all the details in the next release cycle. The pgstats file is currently only written as part of a shutdown sequence, and its contents are still lost on crash, same as older releases. Bump PGSTAT_FILE_FORMAT_ID. Reported-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/2563883.1741826489@sss.pgh.pa.us
* pg_dump, pg_dumpall, pg_restore: Add --no-policies option.Tom Lane2025-03-16
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Add --no-policies option to control row level security policy handling in dump and restore operations. When this option is used, both CREATE POLICY commands and ALTER TABLE ... ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY commands are excluded from dumps and skipped during restores. This is useful in scenarios where policies need to be redefined in the target system or when moving data between environments with different security requirements. Author: Nikolay Samokhvalov <nik@postgres.ai> Reviewed-by: Greg Sabino Mullane <htamfids@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Jim Jones <jim.jones@uni-muenster.de> Reviewed-by: newtglobal postgresql_contributors <postgresql_contributors@newtglobalcorp.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAM527d8kG2qPKvbfJ=OYJkT7iRNd623Bk+m-a4ngm+nyHYsHog@mail.gmail.com
* contrib/isn: Make weak mode a GUC setting, and fix related functions.Tom Lane2025-03-16
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | isn's weak mode used to be a simple static variable, settable only via the isn_weak(boolean) function. This wasn't optimal, as this means it doesn't respect transactions nor respond to RESET ALL. This patch makes isn.weak a GUC parameter instead, so that it acts like any other user-settable parameter. The isn_weak() functions are retained for backwards compatibility. But we must fix their volatility markings: they were marked IMMUTABLE which is surely incorrect, and PARALLEL RESTRICTED which isn't right for GUC-related functions either. Mark isn_weak(boolean) as VOLATILE and PARALLEL UNSAFE, matching set_config(). Mark isn_weak() as STABLE and PARALLEL SAFE, matching current_setting(). Reported-by: Viktor Holmberg <v@viktorh.net> Diagnosed-by: Daniel Gustafsson <daniel@yesql.se> Author: Viktor Holmberg <v@viktorh.net> Reviewed-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/790bc1f9-74dc-4b50-94d2-8147315b1556@Spark
* reindexdb: Fix the index-level REINDEX with multiple jobsAlexander Korotkov2025-03-16
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 47f99a407d introduced a parallel index-level REINDEX. The code was written assuming that running run_reindex_command() with 'async == true' can schedule a number of queries for a connection. That's not true, and the second query sent using run_reindex_command() will wait for the completion of the previous one. This commit fixes that by putting REINDEX commands for the same table into a single query. Also, this commit removes the 'async' argument from run_reindex_command(), as only its call always passes 'async == true'. Reported-by: Álvaro Herrera <alvherre@alvh.no-ip.org> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/202503071820.j25zn3lo4hvn%40alvherre.pgsql Reviewed-by: Álvaro Herrera <alvherre@alvh.no-ip.org> Backpatch-through: 17
* pg_createsubscriber: Remove some code bloat in the atexit() callbackMichael Paquier2025-03-16
| | | | | | | | | | | This commit adjusts some code added by e117cfb2f6c6 in the atexit() callback of pg_createsubscriber.c, in charge of performing post-failure cleanup actions. The code loops over all the databases specified, and it is changed here to rely on a single LogicalRepInfo for each database rather than always using LogicalRepInfos, simplifying its logic. Author: Peter Smith <smithpb2250@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAHut+PtdBSVi4iH7BObDVwDNVwOpn+H3fezOBdSTtENx+rhNMw@mail.gmail.com
* localbuf: Introduce StartLocalBufferIO()Andres Freund2025-03-15
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | To initiate IO on a shared buffer we have StartBufferIO(). For temporary table buffers no similar function exists - likely because the code for that currently is very simple due to the lack of concurrency. However, the upcoming AIO support will make it possible to re-encounter a local buffer, while the buffer already is the target of IO. In that case we need to wait for already in-progress IO to complete. This commit makes it easier to add the necessary code, by introducing StartLocalBufferIO(). Reviewed-by: Melanie Plageman <melanieplageman@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAAKRu_b9anbWzEs5AAF9WCvcEVmgz-1AkHSQ-CLLy-p7WHzvFw@mail.gmail.com
* localbuf: Introduce FlushLocalBuffer()Andres Freund2025-03-15
| | | | | | | | | | | | Previously we had two paths implementing writing out temporary table buffers. For shared buffers, the logic for that is centralized in FlushBuffer(). Introduce FlushLocalBuffer() to do the same for local buffers. Besides being a nice cleanup on its own, it also makes an upcoming change slightly easier. Reviewed-by: Melanie Plageman <melanieplageman@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAAKRu_b9anbWzEs5AAF9WCvcEVmgz-1AkHSQ-CLLy-p7WHzvFw@mail.gmail.com
* localbuf: Introduce TerminateLocalBufferIO()Andres Freund2025-03-15
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Previously TerminateLocalBufferIO() was open-coded in multiple places, which doesn't seem like a great idea. While TerminateLocalBufferIO() currently is rather simple, an upcoming patch requires additional code to be added to TerminateLocalBufferIO(), making this modification particularly worthwhile. For some reason FlushRelationBuffers() previously cleared BM_JUST_DIRTIED, even though that's never set for temporary buffers. This is not carried over as part of this change. Reviewed-by: Melanie Plageman <melanieplageman@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAAKRu_b9anbWzEs5AAF9WCvcEVmgz-1AkHSQ-CLLy-p7WHzvFw@mail.gmail.com
* localbuf: Introduce InvalidateLocalBuffer()Andres Freund2025-03-15
| | | | | | | | | | | | Previously, there were three copies of this code, two of them identical. There's no good reason for that. This change is nice on its own, but the main motivation is the AIO patchset, which needs to add extra checks the deduplicated code, which of course is easier if there is only one version. Reviewed-by: Melanie Plageman <melanieplageman@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAAKRu_b9anbWzEs5AAF9WCvcEVmgz-1AkHSQ-CLLy-p7WHzvFw@mail.gmail.com
* localbuf: Fix dangerous coding pattern in GetLocalVictimBuffer()Andres Freund2025-03-15
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | If PinLocalBuffer() were to modify the buf_state, the buf_state in GetLocalVictimBuffer() would be out of date. Currently that does not happen, as PinLocalBuffer() only modifies the buf_state if adjust_usagecount=true and GetLocalVictimBuffer() passes false. However, it's easy to make this not the case anymore - it cost me a few hours to debug the consequences. The minimal fix would be to just refetch the buf_state after after calling PinLocalBuffer(), but the same danger exists in later parts of the function. Instead, declare buf_state in the narrower scopes and re-read the state in conditional branches. Besides being safer, it also fits well with an upcoming set of cleanup patches that move the contents of the conditional branches in GetLocalVictimBuffer() into helper functions. I "broke" this in 794f2594479. Arguably this should be backpatched, but as the relevant functions are not exported and there is no actual misbehaviour, I chose to not backpatch, at least for now. Reviewed-by: Melanie Plageman <melanieplageman@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAAKRu_b9anbWzEs5AAF9WCvcEVmgz-1AkHSQ-CLLy-p7WHzvFw@mail.gmail.com
* Silence perl criticAndrew Dunstan2025-03-15
| | | | | | | | Commit 27bdec06841 uses a loop variable that is not strictly local to the loop. Perlcritic disapproves, and there's really no reason as the variable is not used outside the loop. Per buildfarm animals koel and crake.
* Optimization for lower(), upper(), casefold() functions.Jeff Davis2025-03-15
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Improve performance and reduce table sizes for case mapping. The main case mapping table stores only 16-bit offsets, which can be used to look up the mapped code point in any of the case tables (fold, lower, upper, or title case). Simple case pairs point to the same offsets. Generate a function in generate-unicode_case_table.pl that consists of a nested branches to test for specific codepoint ranges that determine the offset in the main table. Other approaches were considered, such as representing these ranges as another structure (rather than branches in a generated function), or a different approach such as a radix tree, or perfect hashing. The author implemented and tested these alternatives and settled on the generated branches. Author: Alexander Borisov <lex.borisov@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Heikki Linnakangas <hlinnaka@iki.fi> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/7cac7e66-9a3b-4e3f-a997-42aa0c401f80%40gmail.com
* Remove table AM callback scan_bitmap_next_blockMelanie Plageman2025-03-15
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | After pushing the bitmap iterator into table-AM specific code (as part of making bitmap heap scan use the read stream API in 2b73a8cd33b7), scan_bitmap_next_block() no longer returns the current block number. Since scan_bitmap_next_block() isn't returning any relevant information to bitmap table scan code, it makes more sense to get rid of it. Now, bitmap table scan code only calls table_scan_bitmap_next_tuple(), and the heap AM implementation of scan_bitmap_next_block() is a local helper in heapam_handler.c. Reviewed-by: Tomas Vondra <tomas@vondra.me> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/flat/CAAKRu_ZwCwWFeL_H3ia26bP2e7HiKLWt0ZmGXPVwPO6uXq0vaA%40mail.gmail.com
* BitmapHeapScan uses the read stream APIMelanie Plageman2025-03-15
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Make Bitmap Heap Scan use the read stream API instead of invoking ReadBuffer() for each block indicated by the bitmap. The read stream API handles prefetching, so remove all of the explicit prefetching from bitmap heap scan code. Now, heap table AM implements a read stream callback which uses the bitmap iterator to return the next required block to the read stream code. Tomas Vondra conducted extensive regression testing of this feature. Andres Freund, Thomas Munro, and I analyzed regressions and Thomas Munro patched the read stream API. Author: Melanie Plageman <melanieplageman@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Tomas Vondra <tomas@vondra.me> Tested-by: Tomas Vondra <tomas@vondra.me> Tested-by: Andres Freund <andres@anarazel.de> Tested-by: Thomas Munro <thomas.munro@gmail.com> Tested-by: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <byavuz81@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/flat/CAAKRu_ZwCwWFeL_H3ia26bP2e7HiKLWt0ZmGXPVwPO6uXq0vaA%40mail.gmail.com
* Separate TBM[Shared|Private]Iterator and TBMIterateResultMelanie Plageman2025-03-15
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Remove the TBMIterateResult member from the TBMPrivateIterator and TBMSharedIterator and make tbm_[shared|private_]iterate() take a TBMIterateResult as a parameter. This allows tidbitmap API users to manage multiple TBMIterateResults per scan. This is required for bitmap heap scan to use the read stream API, with which there may be multiple I/Os in flight at once, each one with a TBMIterateResult. Reviewed-by: Tomas Vondra <tomas@vondra.me> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/d4bb26c9-fe07-439e-ac53-c0e244387e01%40vondra.me
* Simplify distance heuristics in read_stream.c.Thomas Munro2025-03-16
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Make the distance control heuristics simpler and more aggressive in preparation for asynchronous I/O. The v17 version of read_stream.c made a conservative choice to limit the look-ahead distance when streaming sequential blocks, because it couldn't benefit very much from looking ahead further yet. It had a three-behavior model where only random I/O would rapidly increase the look-ahead distance, to support read-ahead advice. Sequential I/O would move it towards the io_combine_limit setting, just enough to build one full-sized synchronous I/O at a time, and then expect kernel read-ahead to avoid I/O stalls. That already left I/O performance on the table with advice-based I/O concurrency, since sequential blocks could be followed by random jumps, eg with the proposed streaming Bitmap Heap Scan patch. It is time to delete the cautious middle option and adjust the distance based on recent I/O needs only, since asynchronous reads will need to be started ahead of time whether random or sequential. It is still limited by io_combine_limit, *_io_concurrency, buffer availability and strategy ring size, as before. Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <andres@anarazel.de> (earlier version) Tested-by: Melanie Plageman <melanieplageman@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CA%2BhUKGK_%3D4CVmMHvsHjOVrK6t4F%3DLBpFzsrr3R%2BaJYN8kcTfWg%40mail.gmail.com
* Improve read_stream.c advice for dense streams.Thomas Munro2025-03-15
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | read_stream.c tries not to issue read-ahead advice when it thinks the kernel's own read-ahead should be active, ie when using buffered I/O and reading sequential blocks. It previously gave up too easily, and issued advice only for the first read of up to io_combine_limit blocks in a larger range of sequential blocks after random jump. The following read could suffer an avoidable I/O stall. Fix, by continuing to issue advice until the corresponding preadv() calls catch up with the start of the region we're currently issuing advice for, if ever. That's when the kernel actually sees the sequential pattern. Advice is now disabled only when the stream is entirely sequential as far as we can see in the look-ahead window, or in other words, when a sequential region is larger than we can cover with the current io_concurrency and io_combine_limit settings. While refactoring the advice control logic, also get rid of the "suppress_advice" argument that was passed around between functions to skip useless posix_fadvise() calls immediately followed by preadv(). read_stream_start_pending_read() can figure that out, so let's concentrate knowledge of advice heuristics in fewer places (our goal being to make advice-based I/O concurrency a legacy mode soon). The problem cases were revealed by Tomas Vondra's extensive regression testing with many different disk access patterns using Melanie Plageman's streaming Bitmap Heap Scan patch, in a battle against the venerable always-issue-advice-and-always-one-block-at-a-time code. Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <andres@anarazel.de> (earlier version) Reported-by: Melanie Plageman <melanieplageman@gmail.com> Reported-by: Tomas Vondra <tomas@vondra.me> Reported-by: Andres Freund <andres@anarazel.de> Tested-by: Melanie Plageman <melanieplageman@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CA%2BhUKGK_%3D4CVmMHvsHjOVrK6t4F%3DLBpFzsrr3R%2BaJYN8kcTfWg%40mail.gmail.com Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CA%2BhUKGJ3HSWciQCz8ekP1Zn7N213RfA4nbuotQawfpq23%2Bw-5Q%40mail.gmail.com
* doc: Explain more thoroughly when a table rewrite is neededÁlvaro Herrera2025-03-14
| | | | | | Author: Masahiro Ikeda <ikedamsh@oss.nttdata.com> Reviewed-by: Robert Treat <rob@xzilla.net> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/00e6eb5f5c793b8ef722252c7a519c9a@oss.nttdata.com
* Doc: remove obsolete comment.Tom Lane2025-03-14
| | | | | | This para should have been removed by 2f9661311, which made it both false and irrelevant. Noted while looking at SQL function plancache patch.
* Add GUC option to log lock acquisition failures.Fujii Masao2025-03-14
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This commit introduces a new GUC, log_lock_failure, which controls whether a detailed log message is produced when a lock acquisition fails. Currently, it only supports logging lock failures caused by SELECT ... NOWAIT. The log message includes information about all processes holding or waiting for the lock that couldn't be acquired, helping users analyze and diagnose the causes of lock failures. Currently, this option does not log failures from SELECT ... SKIP LOCKED, as that could generate excessive log messages if many locks are skipped, causing unnecessary noise. This mechanism can be extended in the future to support for logging lock failures from other commands, such as LOCK TABLE ... NOWAIT. Author: Yuki Seino <seinoyu@oss.nttdata.com> Co-authored-by: Fujii Masao <masao.fujii@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Jelte Fennema-Nio <postgres@jeltef.nl> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/411280a186cc26ef7034e0f2dfe54131@oss.nttdata.com
* Optimize iteration over PGPROC for fast-path lock searches.Fujii Masao2025-03-14
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This commit improves efficiency in FastPathTransferRelationLocks() and GetLockConflicts(), which iterate over PGPROCs to search for fast-path locks. Previously, these functions recalculated the fast-path group during every loop iteration, even though it remained constant. This update optimizes the process by calculating the group once and reusing it throughout the loop. The functions also now skip empty fast-path groups, avoiding unnecessary scans of their slots. Additionally, groups belonging to inactive backends (with pid=0) are always empty, so checking the group is sufficient to bypass these backends, further enhancing performance. Author: Fujii Masao <masao.fujii@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Heikki Linnakangas <hlinnaka@iki.fi> Reviewed-by: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/07d5fd6a-71f1-4ce8-8602-4cc6883f4bd1@oss.nttdata.com
* Simplify and generalize PrepareSortSupportFromIndexRel()Peter Eisentraut2025-03-14
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | PrepareSortSupportFromIndexRel() was accepting btree strategy numbers purely for the purpose of comparing it later against btree strategies to determine if the sort direction was forward or reverse. Change that. Instead, pass a bool directly, to indicate the same without an unfortunate assumption that a strategy number refers specifically to a btree strategy. (This is similar in spirit to commits 0d2aa4d4937 and c594f1ad2ba.) (This could arguably be simplfied further by having the callers fill in ssup_reverse directly. But this way, it preserves consistency by having all PrepareSortSupport*() variants be responsible for filling in ssup_reverse.) Moreover, remove the hardcoded check against BTREE_AM_OID, and check against amcanorder instead, which is the actual requirement. Co-authored-by: Mark Dilger <mark.dilger@enterprisedb.com> Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/E72EAA49-354D-4C2E-8EB9-255197F55330@enterprisedb.com
* Remove direct handling of reloptions for toast tablesÁlvaro Herrera2025-03-14
| | | | | | | | | | | It doesn't actually work, even with allow_system_table_mods turned on: the ALTER TABLE operation is rejected by ATSimplePermissions(), so even the error message we're adding in this commit is unreachable. Add a test case for it. Author: Nikolay Shaplov <dhyan@nataraj.su> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/1913854.tdWV9SEqCh@thinkpad-pgpro
* Respect changing pin limits in read_stream.c.Thomas Munro2025-03-14
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | To avoid pinning too much of the buffer pool at once, read_stream.c previously used LimitAdditionalPins(). The coding was naive, and only considered the available buffers at stream construction time. This commit checks before each StartReadBuffers() call with GetAdditionalPinLimit(). The result might change over time due to pins acquired outside this stream by the same backend. No extra CPU cycles are added to the all-buffered fast-path code, but the I/O-starting path now considers the up-to-date remaining buffer limit. In practice it was quite difficult to exceed limits and cause any real problems in v17, so no back-patch for now, but proposed changes will make it easier. Per code review from Andres, in the course of testing his AIO patches. Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <andres@anarazel.de> (earlier versions) Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CA%2BhUKGK_%3D4CVmMHvsHjOVrK6t4F%3DLBpFzsrr3R%2BaJYN8kcTfWg%40mail.gmail.com
* Activate Python "Limited API" in PL/PythonPeter Eisentraut2025-03-14
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This allows building PL/Python against any Python 3.x version and using another Python 3.x version at run time. This is useful for installers that want to run against a separately downloaded Python, so that they don't have to bundle it themselves. This builds on the earlier patch to only use APIs supported by the Limited API. At the moment, this is not activated on MSVC because that leads to build failures that no one could explain or cared enough to address. This could be done later. Reviewed-by: Jakob Egger <jakob@eggerapps.at> Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/ee410de1-1e0b-4770-b125-eeefd4726a24@eisentraut.org
* Swap order of extern/static and pg_nodiscardPeter Eisentraut2025-03-14
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | When pg_nodiscard was first added, the C standard draft had it as a function specifier, and so the code comment about placement was written with that in mind. The final C23 standard has it as an attribute and the placement rules are a bit different for that. Specifically, it needs to be before extern or static. (Or at least both current clang and gcc require that.) So just swap these. (To be clear: The current implementation with gcc attributes doesn't care. This change is just for maximum forward compatibility for non-gcc compilers.) This also keeps the order consistent with the previously introduced pg_noreturn. Also update the code comment to reflect the mentioned developments since its introduction. Reviewed-by: Dagfinn Ilmari Mannsåker <ilmari@ilmari.org> Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <andres@anarazel.de> Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/pxr5b3z7jmkpenssra5zroxi7qzzp6eswuggokw64axmdixpnk@zbwxuq7gbbcw
* Improve buffer manager API for backend pin limits.Thomas Munro2025-03-14
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Previously the support functions assumed that the caller needed one pin to make progress, and could optionally use some more, allowing enough for every connection to do the same. Add a couple more functions for callers that want to know: * what the maximum possible number could be, irrespective of currently held pins, for space planning purposes * how many additional pins they could acquire right now, without the special case allowing one pin, for callers that already hold pins and could already make progress even if no extra pins are available The pin limit logic began in commit 31966b15. This refactoring is better suited to read_stream.c, which will be adjusted to respect the remaining limit as it changes over time in a follow-up commit. It also computes MaxProportionalPins up front, to avoid performing divisions whenever a caller needs to check the balance. Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <andres@anarazel.de> (earlier versions) Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CA%2BhUKGK_%3D4CVmMHvsHjOVrK6t4F%3DLBpFzsrr3R%2BaJYN8kcTfWg%40mail.gmail.com
* Fix ALTER SUBSCRIPTION ... SET PUBLICATION ... command.Amit Kapila2025-03-14
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | The problem is that ALTER SUBSCRIPTION ... SET PUBLICATION ... will lead to restarting of apply worker and after the restart, the apply worker will use the existing slot and replication origin corresponding to the subscription. Now, it is possible that before the restart, the origin has not been updated, and the WAL start location points to a location before where PUBLICATION pointed to by SET PUBLICATION doesn't exist, and that can lead to an error like: "ERROR: publication "pub1" does not exist". Once this error occurs, apply worker will never be able to proceed and will always return the same error. We decided to skip loading the publication if the publication does not exist. The publication is loaded later and updates the relation entry when the publication gets created. We decided not to backpatch this as this is a behaviour change, and we don't see field reports. This problem has been found by intermittent buildfarm failures. Author: vignesh C <vignesh21@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Dilip Kumar <dilipbalaut@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Amit Kapila <amit.kapila16@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Masahiko Sawada <sawada.mshk@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/flat/CALDaNm0-n8FGAorM%2BbTxkzn%2BAOUyx5%3DL_XmnvOP6T24%2B-NcBKg%40mail.gmail.com Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAA4eK1+T-ETXeRM4DHWzGxBpKafLCp__5bPA_QZfFQp7-0wj4Q@mail.gmail.com
* Fix ARRAY_SUBLINK and ARRAY[] for int2vector and oidvector input.Tom Lane2025-03-13
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | If the given input_type yields valid results from both get_element_type and get_array_type, initArrayResultAny believed the former and treated the input as an array type. However this is inconsistent with what get_promoted_array_type does, leading to situations where the output of an ARRAY() subquery is labeled with the wrong type: it's labeled as oidvector[] but is really a 2-D array of OID. That at least results in strange output, and can result in crashes if further processing such as unnest() is applied. AFAIK this is only possible with the int2vector and oidvector types, which are special-cased to be treated mostly as true arrays even though they aren't quite. Fix by switching the logic to match get_promoted_array_type by testing get_array_type not get_element_type, and remove an Assert thereby made pointless. (We need not introduce a symmetrical check for get_element_type in the other if-branch, because initArrayResultArr will check it.) This restores the behavior that existed before bac27394a introduced initArrayResultAny: the output really is int2vector[] or oidvector[]. Comparable confusion exists when an input of an ARRAY[] construct is int2vector or oidvector: transformArrayExpr decides it's dealing with a multidimensional array constructor, and we end up with something that's a multidimensional OID array but is alleged to be of type oidvector. I have not found a crashing case here, but it's easy to demonstrate totally-wrong results. Adjust that code so that what you get is an oidvector[] instead, for consistency with ARRAY() subqueries. (This change also makes these types work like domains-over-arrays in this context, which seems correct.) Bug: #18840 Reported-by: yang lei <ylshiyu@126.com> Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/18840-fbc9505f066e50d6@postgresql.org Backpatch-through: 13
* ATExecSetRelOptions: Reduce scope of 'isnull' variableÁlvaro Herrera2025-03-13
| | | | | | Author: Nikolay Shaplov <dhyan@nataraj.su> Reviewed-by: Timur Magomedov <t.magomedov@postgrespro.ru> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/1913854.tdWV9SEqCh@thinkpad-pgpro