Add binary I/O routines for a bunch more datatypes. Still a few to go,

but that was enough tedium for one day.  Along the way, move the few
support routines for types xid and cid into a more logical place.

12 files changed, 926 insertions, 87 deletions

diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/Makefile b/src/backend/utils/adt/Makefile
index 84e1367d3b8..21515f0e91d 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/Makefile
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/Makefile
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #
 # Makefile for utils/adt
 #
-# $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/adt/Makefile,v 1.54 2003/04/08 23:20:02 tgl Exp $
+# $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/adt/Makefile,v 1.55 2003/05/12 23:08:50 tgl Exp $
 #
 
 subdir = src/backend/utils/adt
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ OBJS = acl.o arrayfuncs.o array_userfuncs.o arrayutils.o bool.o \
 	misc.o nabstime.o name.o not_in.o numeric.o numutils.o \
 	oid.o oracle_compat.o pseudotypes.o \
 	regexp.o regproc.o ruleutils.o selfuncs.o sets.o \
-	tid.o timestamp.o varbit.o varchar.o varlena.o version.o \
+	tid.o timestamp.o varbit.o varchar.o varlena.o version.o xid.o \
 	network.o mac.o inet_net_ntop.o inet_net_pton.o \
 	ri_triggers.o pg_lzcompress.o pg_locale.o formatting.o \
 	ascii.o quote.o pgstatfuncs.o encode.o
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/bool.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/bool.c
index a2fb5b4fa23..ccc97683033 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/bool.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/bool.c
@@ -8,13 +8,14 @@
  *
  *
  * IDENTIFICATION
- *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/adt/bool.c,v 1.26 2002/06/20 20:29:36 momjian Exp $
+ *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/adt/bool.c,v 1.27 2003/05/12 23:08:50 tgl Exp $
  *
  *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  */
 
 #include "postgres.h"
 
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/builtins.h"
 
 /*****************************************************************************
@@ -94,6 +95,36 @@ boolout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
 }
 
+/*
+ *		boolrecv			- converts external binary format to bool
+ *
+ * The external representation is one byte.  Any nonzero value is taken
+ * as "true".
+ */
+Datum
+boolrecv(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = (StringInfo) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0);
+	int			ext;
+
+	ext = pq_getmsgbyte(buf);
+	PG_RETURN_BOOL((ext != 0) ? true : false);
+}
+
+/*
+ *		boolsend			- converts bool to binary format
+ */
+Datum
+boolsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	bool		arg1 = PG_GETARG_BOOL(0);
+	StringInfoData buf;
+
+	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	pq_sendbyte(&buf, arg1 ? 1 : 0);
+	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+}
+
 
 /*****************************************************************************
  *	 PUBLIC ROUTINES														 *
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/char.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/char.c
index 0e2d400aa0d..969f8946666 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/char.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/char.c
@@ -1,20 +1,21 @@
 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  *
  * char.c
- *	  Functions for the built-in type "char".
- *	  Functions for the built-in type "cid" (what's that doing here?)
+ *	  Functions for the built-in type "char" (not to be confused with
+ *	  bpchar, which is the SQL CHAR(n) type).
  *
  * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2002, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
  * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
  *
  *
  * IDENTIFICATION
- *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/adt/char.c,v 1.34 2003/03/11 21:01:33 tgl Exp $
+ *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/adt/char.c,v 1.35 2003/05/12 23:08:50 tgl Exp $
  *
  *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  */
 #include "postgres.h"
 
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/builtins.h"
 
 /*****************************************************************************
@@ -52,6 +53,35 @@ charout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
 }
 
+/*
+ *		charrecv			- converts external binary format to char
+ *
+ * The external representation is one byte, with no character set
+ * conversion.  This is somewhat dubious, perhaps, but in many
+ * cases people use char for a 1-byte binary type.
+ */
+Datum
+charrecv(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = (StringInfo) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0);
+
+	PG_RETURN_CHAR(pq_getmsgbyte(buf));
+}
+
+/*
+ *		charsend			- converts char to binary format
+ */
+Datum
+charsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	char		arg1 = PG_GETARG_CHAR(0);
+	StringInfoData buf;
+
+	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	pq_sendbyte(&buf, arg1);
+	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+}
+
 /*****************************************************************************
  *	 PUBLIC ROUTINES														 *
  *****************************************************************************/
@@ -196,51 +226,3 @@ char_text(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	PG_RETURN_TEXT_P(result);
 }
-
-
-/*****************************************************************************
- *	 USER I/O ROUTINES														 *
- *****************************************************************************/
-
-/*
- *		cidin	- converts CommandId to internal representation.
- */
-Datum
-cidin(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
-{
-	char	   *s = PG_GETARG_CSTRING(0);
-	CommandId	c;
-
-	c = atoi(s);
-
-	/* XXX assume that CommandId is 32 bits... */
-	PG_RETURN_INT32((int32) c);
-}
-
-/*
- *		cidout	- converts a cid to external representation.
- */
-Datum
-cidout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
-{
-	/* XXX assume that CommandId is 32 bits... */
-	CommandId	c = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(16);
-
-	sprintf(result, "%u", (unsigned int) c);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
-}
-
-/*****************************************************************************
- *	 PUBLIC ROUTINES														 *
- *****************************************************************************/
-
-Datum
-cideq(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
-{
-	/* XXX assume that CommandId is 32 bits... */
-	CommandId	arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
-	CommandId	arg2 = PG_GETARG_INT32(1);
-
-	PG_RETURN_BOOL(arg1 == arg2);
-}
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 42255a9a96f..bd9653d0fa6 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
  *
  *
  * IDENTIFICATION
- *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c,v 1.81 2003/04/08 17:02:04 tgl Exp $
+ *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c,v 1.82 2003/05/12 23:08:50 tgl Exp $
  *
  *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  */
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 #include <float.h>
 
 #include "access/hash.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "miscadmin.h"
 #include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/date.h"
@@ -117,6 +118,32 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
 }
 
+/*
+ *		date_recv			- converts external binary format to date
+ */
+Datum
+date_recv(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = (StringInfo) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0);
+
+	PG_RETURN_DATEADT((DateADT) pq_getmsgint(buf, sizeof(DateADT)));
+}
+
+/*
+ *		date_send			- converts date to binary format
+ */
+Datum
+date_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
+	StringInfoData buf;
+
+	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	pq_sendint(&buf, date, sizeof(date));
+	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+}
+
+
 Datum
 date_eq(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
@@ -594,6 +621,43 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
 }
 
+/*
+ *		time_recv			- converts external binary format to time
+ *
+ * We make no attempt to provide compatibility between int and float
+ * time representations ...
+ */
+Datum
+time_recv(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = (StringInfo) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0);
+
+#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
+	PG_RETURN_TIMEADT((TimeADT) pq_getmsgint64(buf));
+#else
+	PG_RETURN_TIMEADT((TimeADT) pq_getmsgfloat8(buf));
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+ *		time_send			- converts time to binary format
+ */
+Datum
+time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
+	StringInfoData buf;
+
+	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
+	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+#else
+	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, time);
+#endif
+	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+}
+
+
 /* time_scale()
  * Adjust time type for specified scale factor.
  * Used by PostgreSQL type system to stuff columns.
@@ -1349,6 +1413,47 @@ timetz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
 }
 
+/*
+ *		timetz_recv			- converts external binary format to timetz
+ */
+Datum
+timetz_recv(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = (StringInfo) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0);
+	TimeTzADT  *time;
+
+	time = (TimeTzADT *) palloc(sizeof(TimeTzADT));
+
+#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
+	time->time = pq_getmsgint64(buf);
+#else
+	time->time = pq_getmsgfloat8(buf);
+#endif
+	time->zone = pq_getmsgint(buf, sizeof(time->zone));
+
+	PG_RETURN_TIMETZADT_P(time);
+}
+
+/*
+ *		timetz_send			- converts timetz to binary format
+ */
+Datum
+timetz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	TimeTzADT  *time = PG_GETARG_TIMETZADT_P(0);
+	StringInfoData buf;
+
+	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
+	pq_sendint64(&buf, time->time);
+#else
+	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, time->time);
+#endif
+	pq_sendint(&buf, time->zone, sizeof(time->zone));
+	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+}
+
+
 /* timetz2tm()
  * Convert TIME WITH TIME ZONE data type to POSIX time structure.
  */
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/nabstime.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/nabstime.c
index 143061fa794..fe14c9bec4f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/nabstime.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/nabstime.c
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
  *
  *
  * IDENTIFICATION
- *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/adt/nabstime.c,v 1.107 2003/05/04 04:30:15 tgl Exp $
+ *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/adt/nabstime.c,v 1.108 2003/05/12 23:08:50 tgl Exp $
  *
  *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  */
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 #include <limits.h>
 
 #include "access/xact.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "miscadmin.h"
 #include "utils/builtins.h"
 
@@ -347,11 +348,11 @@ tm2abstime(struct tm * tm, int tz)
 }
 
 
-/* nabstimein()
+/* abstimein()
  * Decode date/time string and return abstime.
  */
 Datum
-nabstimein(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+abstimein(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	char	   *str = PG_GETARG_CSTRING(0);
 	AbsoluteTime result;
@@ -409,11 +410,11 @@ nabstimein(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 }
 
 
-/* nabstimeout()
+/* abstimeout()
  * Given an AbsoluteTime return the English text version of the date
  */
 Datum
-nabstimeout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+abstimeout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	AbsoluteTime time = PG_GETARG_ABSOLUTETIME(0);
 	char	   *result;
@@ -450,6 +451,31 @@ nabstimeout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
 }
 
+/*
+ *		abstimerecv			- converts external binary format to abstime
+ */
+Datum
+abstimerecv(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = (StringInfo) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0);
+
+	PG_RETURN_ABSOLUTETIME((AbsoluteTime) pq_getmsgint(buf, sizeof(AbsoluteTime)));
+}
+
+/*
+ *		abstimesend			- converts abstime to binary format
+ */
+Datum
+abstimesend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	AbsoluteTime time = PG_GETARG_ABSOLUTETIME(0);
+	StringInfoData buf;
+
+	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	pq_sendint(&buf, time, sizeof(time));
+	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+}
+
 
 /* abstime_finite()
  */
@@ -751,7 +777,6 @@ reltimein(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	PG_RETURN_RELATIVETIME(result);
 }
 
-
 /*
  *		reltimeout		- converts the internal format to a reltime string
  */
@@ -771,6 +796,31 @@ reltimeout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
 }
 
+/*
+ *		reltimerecv			- converts external binary format to reltime
+ */
+Datum
+reltimerecv(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = (StringInfo) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0);
+
+	PG_RETURN_RELATIVETIME((RelativeTime) pq_getmsgint(buf, sizeof(RelativeTime)));
+}
+
+/*
+ *		reltimesend			- converts reltime to binary format
+ */
+Datum
+reltimesend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	RelativeTime time = PG_GETARG_RELATIVETIME(0);
+	StringInfoData buf;
+
+	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	pq_sendint(&buf, time, sizeof(time));
+	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+}
+
 
 static void
 reltime2tm(RelativeTime time, struct tm * tm)
@@ -817,7 +867,6 @@ tintervalin(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 /*
  *		tintervalout	- converts an internal interval format to a string
- *
  */
 Datum
 tintervalout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
@@ -832,12 +881,12 @@ tintervalout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		strcat(i_str, INVALID_INTERVAL_STR);
 	else
 	{
-		p = DatumGetCString(DirectFunctionCall1(nabstimeout,
+		p = DatumGetCString(DirectFunctionCall1(abstimeout,
 							   AbsoluteTimeGetDatum(interval->data[0])));
 		strcat(i_str, p);
 		pfree(p);
 		strcat(i_str, "\" \"");
-		p = DatumGetCString(DirectFunctionCall1(nabstimeout,
+		p = DatumGetCString(DirectFunctionCall1(abstimeout,
 							   AbsoluteTimeGetDatum(interval->data[1])));
 		strcat(i_str, p);
 		pfree(p);
@@ -846,6 +895,43 @@ tintervalout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(i_str);
 }
 
+/*
+ *		tintervalrecv			- converts external binary format to tinterval
+ */
+Datum
+tintervalrecv(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = (StringInfo) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0);
+	TimeInterval interval;
+
+	interval = (TimeInterval) palloc(sizeof(TimeIntervalData));
+
+	interval->status = pq_getmsgint(buf, sizeof(interval->status));
+	if (!(interval->status == T_INTERVAL_INVAL ||
+		  interval->status == T_INTERVAL_VALID))
+		elog(ERROR, "Invalid status in external tinterval");
+	interval->data[0] = pq_getmsgint(buf, sizeof(interval->data[0]));
+	interval->data[1] = pq_getmsgint(buf, sizeof(interval->data[1]));
+
+	PG_RETURN_TIMEINTERVAL(interval);
+}
+
+/*
+ *		tintervalsend			- converts tinterval to binary format
+ */
+Datum
+tintervalsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	TimeInterval interval = PG_GETARG_TIMEINTERVAL(0);
+	StringInfoData buf;
+
+	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	pq_sendint(&buf, interval->status, sizeof(interval->status));
+	pq_sendint(&buf, interval->data[0], sizeof(interval->data[0]));
+	pq_sendint(&buf, interval->data[1], sizeof(interval->data[1]));
+	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+}
+
 
 /*****************************************************************************
  *	 PUBLIC ROUTINES														 *
@@ -1558,7 +1644,7 @@ istinterval(char *i_string,
 		p1++;
 	}
 	/* get the first date */
-	*i_start = DatumGetAbsoluteTime(DirectFunctionCall1(nabstimein,
+	*i_start = DatumGetAbsoluteTime(DirectFunctionCall1(abstimein,
 													CStringGetDatum(p)));
 	/* rechange NULL at the end of the first date to a "'" */
 	*p1 = '"';
@@ -1586,7 +1672,7 @@ istinterval(char *i_string,
 		p1++;
 	}
 	/* get the second date */
-	*i_end = DatumGetAbsoluteTime(DirectFunctionCall1(nabstimein,
+	*i_end = DatumGetAbsoluteTime(DirectFunctionCall1(abstimein,
 													CStringGetDatum(p)));
 	/* rechange NULL at the end of the first date to a ''' */
 	*p1 = '"';
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index c851ae5eb35..f67deb281ab 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
  * Copyright (c) 1998-2003, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
  *
  * IDENTIFICATION
- *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c,v 1.60 2003/04/21 00:22:24 tgl Exp $
+ *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c,v 1.61 2003/05/12 23:08:50 tgl Exp $
  *
  *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  */
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 #include <errno.h>
 
 #include "catalog/pg_type.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
 #include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/int8.h"
@@ -370,6 +371,79 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
+/*
+ *		numeric_recv			- converts external binary format to numeric
+ *
+ * External format is a sequence of int16's:
+ * ndigits, weight, sign, dscale, NumericDigits.
+ */
+Datum
+numeric_recv(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = (StringInfo) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0);
+	NumericVar	value;
+	Numeric		res;
+	int			len,
+				i;
+
+	init_var(&value);
+
+	len = (uint16) pq_getmsgint(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	if (len < 0 || len > NUMERIC_MAX_PRECISION + NUMERIC_MAX_RESULT_SCALE)
+		elog(ERROR, "Invalid length in external numeric");
+
+	alloc_var(&value, len);
+
+	value.weight = (int16) pq_getmsgint(buf, sizeof(int16));
+	value.sign = (uint16) pq_getmsgint(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	if (!(value.sign == NUMERIC_POS ||
+		  value.sign == NUMERIC_NEG ||
+		  value.sign == NUMERIC_NAN))
+		elog(ERROR, "Invalid sign in external numeric");
+	value.dscale = (uint16) pq_getmsgint(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
+	{
+		NumericDigit	d = pq_getmsgint(buf, sizeof(NumericDigit));
+
+		if (d < 0 || d >= NBASE)
+			elog(ERROR, "Invalid digit in external numeric");
+		value.digits[i] = d;
+	}
+
+	res = make_result(&value);
+	free_var(&value);
+
+	PG_RETURN_NUMERIC(res);
+}
+
+/*
+ *		numeric_send			- converts numeric to binary format
+ */
+Datum
+numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
+	NumericVar	x;
+	StringInfoData buf;
+	int			i;
+
+	init_var(&x);
+	set_var_from_num(num, &x);
+
+	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+
+	pq_sendint(&buf, x.ndigits, sizeof(int16));
+	pq_sendint(&buf, x.weight, sizeof(int16));
+	pq_sendint(&buf, x.sign, sizeof(int16));
+	pq_sendint(&buf, x.dscale, sizeof(int16));
+	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
+		pq_sendint(&buf, x.digits[i], sizeof(NumericDigit));
+
+	free_var(&x);
+
+	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+}
+
 
 /*
  * numeric() -
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/regproc.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/regproc.c
index 638f5293ed2..09dba50cde3 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/regproc.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/regproc.c
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
  *
  *
  * IDENTIFICATION
- *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/adt/regproc.c,v 1.76 2002/09/18 21:35:23 tgl Exp $
+ *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/adt/regproc.c,v 1.77 2003/05/12 23:08:50 tgl Exp $
  *
  *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  */
@@ -200,6 +200,26 @@ regprocout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
 }
 
+/*
+ *		regprocrecv			- converts external binary format to regproc
+ */
+Datum
+regprocrecv(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	/* Exactly the same as oidrecv, so share code */
+	return oidrecv(fcinfo);
+}
+
+/*
+ *		regprocsend			- converts regproc to binary format
+ */
+Datum
+regprocsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	/* Exactly the same as oidsend, so share code */
+	return oidsend(fcinfo);
+}
+
 
 /*
  * regprocedurein		- converts "proname(args)" to proc OID
@@ -343,6 +363,26 @@ regprocedureout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
 }
 
+/*
+ *		regprocedurerecv			- converts external binary format to regprocedure
+ */
+Datum
+regprocedurerecv(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	/* Exactly the same as oidrecv, so share code */
+	return oidrecv(fcinfo);
+}
+
+/*
+ *		regproceduresend			- converts regprocedure to binary format
+ */
+Datum
+regproceduresend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	/* Exactly the same as oidsend, so share code */
+	return oidsend(fcinfo);
+}
+
 
 /*
  * regoperin		- converts "oprname" to operator OID
@@ -506,6 +546,26 @@ regoperout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
 }
 
+/*
+ *		regoperrecv			- converts external binary format to regoper
+ */
+Datum
+regoperrecv(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	/* Exactly the same as oidrecv, so share code */
+	return oidrecv(fcinfo);
+}
+
+/*
+ *		regopersend			- converts regoper to binary format
+ */
+Datum
+regopersend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	/* Exactly the same as oidsend, so share code */
+	return oidsend(fcinfo);
+}
+
 
 /*
  * regoperatorin		- converts "oprname(args)" to operator OID
@@ -666,6 +726,26 @@ regoperatorout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
 }
 
+/*
+ *		regoperatorrecv			- converts external binary format to regoperator
+ */
+Datum
+regoperatorrecv(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	/* Exactly the same as oidrecv, so share code */
+	return oidrecv(fcinfo);
+}
+
+/*
+ *		regoperatorsend			- converts regoperator to binary format
+ */
+Datum
+regoperatorsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	/* Exactly the same as oidsend, so share code */
+	return oidsend(fcinfo);
+}
+
 
 /*
  * regclassin		- converts "classname" to class OID
@@ -804,6 +884,26 @@ regclassout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
 }
 
+/*
+ *		regclassrecv			- converts external binary format to regclass
+ */
+Datum
+regclassrecv(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	/* Exactly the same as oidrecv, so share code */
+	return oidrecv(fcinfo);
+}
+
+/*
+ *		regclasssend			- converts regclass to binary format
+ */
+Datum
+regclasssend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	/* Exactly the same as oidsend, so share code */
+	return oidsend(fcinfo);
+}
+
 
 /*
  * regtypein		- converts "typename" to type OID
@@ -936,6 +1036,26 @@ regtypeout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
 }
 
+/*
+ *		regtyperecv			- converts external binary format to regtype
+ */
+Datum
+regtyperecv(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	/* Exactly the same as oidrecv, so share code */
+	return oidrecv(fcinfo);
+}
+
+/*
+ *		regtypesend			- converts regtype to binary format
+ */
+Datum
+regtypesend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	/* Exactly the same as oidsend, so share code */
+	return oidsend(fcinfo);
+}
+
 
 /*
  * Given a C string, parse it into a qualified-name list.
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/tid.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/tid.c
index 49400082234..8df09b2464b 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/tid.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/tid.c
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
  *
  *
  * IDENTIFICATION
- *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/adt/tid.c,v 1.36 2002/09/04 20:31:29 momjian Exp $
+ *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/adt/tid.c,v 1.37 2003/05/12 23:08:50 tgl Exp $
  *
  * NOTES
  *	  input routine largely stolen from boxin().
@@ -24,8 +24,10 @@
 
 #include "access/heapam.h"
 #include "catalog/namespace.h"
-#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_type.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
+
 
 #define DatumGetItemPointer(X)	 ((ItemPointer) DatumGetPointer(X))
 #define ItemPointerGetDatum(X)	 PointerGetDatum(X)
@@ -91,13 +93,11 @@ tidout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	BlockNumber blockNumber;
 	OffsetNumber offsetNumber;
 	char		buf[32];
-	static char *invalidTid = "()";
 
 	if (!ItemPointerIsValid(itemPtr))
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(invalidTid));
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("()"));
 
 	blockId = &(itemPtr->ip_blkid);
-
 	blockNumber = BlockIdGetBlockNumber(blockId);
 	offsetNumber = itemPtr->ip_posid;
 
@@ -106,6 +106,49 @@ tidout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
+/*
+ *		tidrecv			- converts external binary format to tid
+ */
+Datum
+tidrecv(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = (StringInfo) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0);
+	ItemPointer result;
+	BlockNumber blockNumber;
+	OffsetNumber offsetNumber;
+
+	blockNumber = pq_getmsgint(buf, sizeof(blockNumber));
+	offsetNumber = pq_getmsgint(buf, sizeof(offsetNumber));
+
+	result = (ItemPointer) palloc(sizeof(ItemPointerData));
+
+	ItemPointerSet(result, blockNumber, offsetNumber);
+
+	PG_RETURN_ITEMPOINTER(result);
+}
+
+/*
+ *		tidsend			- converts tid to binary format
+ */
+Datum
+tidsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	ItemPointer itemPtr = PG_GETARG_ITEMPOINTER(0);
+	BlockId		blockId;
+	BlockNumber blockNumber;
+	OffsetNumber offsetNumber;
+	StringInfoData buf;
+
+	blockId = &(itemPtr->ip_blkid);
+	blockNumber = BlockIdGetBlockNumber(blockId);
+	offsetNumber = itemPtr->ip_posid;
+
+	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	pq_sendint(&buf, blockNumber, sizeof(blockNumber));
+	pq_sendint(&buf, offsetNumber, sizeof(offsetNumber));
+	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+}
+
 /*****************************************************************************
  *	 PUBLIC ROUTINES														 *
  *****************************************************************************/
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index ffa8012a50c..6cfd2bf1ec6 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
  *
  *
  * IDENTIFICATION
- *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c,v 1.83 2003/04/07 15:04:03 tgl Exp $
+ *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c,v 1.84 2003/05/12 23:08:50 tgl Exp $
  *
  *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  */
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "access/hash.h"
 #include "access/xact.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_type.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "miscadmin.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
 #include "utils/builtins.h"
@@ -142,6 +143,43 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
 }
 
+/*
+ *		timestamp_recv			- converts external binary format to timestamp
+ *
+ * We make no attempt to provide compatibility between int and float
+ * timestamp representations ...
+ */
+Datum
+timestamp_recv(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = (StringInfo) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0);
+
+#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
+	PG_RETURN_TIMESTAMP((Timestamp) pq_getmsgint64(buf));
+#else
+	PG_RETURN_TIMESTAMP((Timestamp) pq_getmsgfloat8(buf));
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+ *		timestamp_send			- converts timestamp to binary format
+ */
+Datum
+timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
+	StringInfoData buf;
+
+	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
+	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+#else
+	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, timestamp);
+#endif
+	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+}
+
+
 /* timestamp_scale()
  * Adjust time type for specified scale factor.
  * Used by PostgreSQL type system to stuff columns.
@@ -300,7 +338,7 @@ timestamptz_in(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
-	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
+	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
 	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct tm	tt,
@@ -320,6 +358,43 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
 }
 
+/*
+ *		timestamptz_recv			- converts external binary format to timestamptz
+ *
+ * We make no attempt to provide compatibility between int and float
+ * timestamp representations ...
+ */
+Datum
+timestamptz_recv(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = (StringInfo) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0);
+
+#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
+	PG_RETURN_TIMESTAMPTZ((TimestampTz) pq_getmsgint64(buf));
+#else
+	PG_RETURN_TIMESTAMPTZ((TimestampTz) pq_getmsgfloat8(buf));
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+ *		timestamptz_send			- converts timestamptz to binary format
+ */
+Datum
+timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	TimestampTz	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
+	StringInfoData buf;
+
+	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
+	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+#else
+	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, timestamp);
+#endif
+	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+}
+
+
 /* timestamptz_scale()
  * Adjust time type for specified scale factor.
  * Used by PostgreSQL type system to stuff columns.
@@ -327,7 +402,7 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 Datum
 timestamptz_scale(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
-	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
+	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
 	int32		typmod = PG_GETARG_INT32(1);
 	TimestampTz result;
 
@@ -423,6 +498,47 @@ interval_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
 }
 
+/*
+ *		interval_recv			- converts external binary format to interval
+ */
+Datum
+interval_recv(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = (StringInfo) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0);
+	Interval   *interval;
+
+	interval = (Interval *) palloc(sizeof(Interval));
+
+#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
+	interval->time = pq_getmsgint64(buf);
+#else
+	interval->time = pq_getmsgfloat8(buf);
+#endif
+	interval->month = pq_getmsgint(buf, sizeof(interval->month));
+
+	PG_RETURN_INTERVAL_P(interval);
+}
+
+/*
+ *		interval_send			- converts interval to binary format
+ */
+Datum
+interval_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	Interval   *interval = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(0);
+	StringInfoData buf;
+
+	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
+	pq_sendint64(&buf, interval->time);
+#else
+	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, interval->time);
+#endif
+	pq_sendint(&buf, interval->month, sizeof(interval->month));
+	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+}
+
+
 /* interval_scale()
  * Adjust interval type for specified fields.
  * Used by PostgreSQL type system to stuff columns.
@@ -1594,7 +1710,7 @@ timestamp_mi_span(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 Datum
 timestamptz_pl_span(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
-	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
+	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
 	Interval   *span = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(1);
 	TimestampTz result;
 	int			tz;
@@ -1651,7 +1767,7 @@ timestamptz_pl_span(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 Datum
 timestamptz_mi_span(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
-	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
+	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
 	Interval   *span = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(1);
 	Interval	tspan;
 
@@ -2094,8 +2210,8 @@ timestamp_age(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 Datum
 timestamptz_age(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
-	TimestampTz dt1 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	TimestampTz dt2 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(1);
+	TimestampTz dt1 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
+	TimestampTz dt2 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(1);
 	Interval   *result;
 	fsec_t		fsec,
 				fsec1,
@@ -2463,7 +2579,7 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_trunc(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *units = PG_GETARG_TEXT_P(0);
-	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(1);
+	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(1);
 	TimestampTz result;
 	int			tz;
 	int			type,
@@ -2918,7 +3034,7 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_part(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *units = PG_GETARG_TEXT_P(0);
-	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(1);
+	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(1);
 	float8		result;
 	int			tz;
 	int			type,
@@ -3349,7 +3465,7 @@ timestamp_timestamptz(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 Datum
 timestamptz_timestamp(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
-	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
+	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
 	Timestamp	result;
 	struct tm	tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -3379,7 +3495,7 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_zone(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *zone = PG_GETARG_TEXT_P(0);
-	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(1);
+	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(1);
 	Timestamp	result;
 
 	int			tz;
@@ -3428,7 +3544,7 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_izone(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Interval   *zone = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(0);
-	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(1);
+	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(1);
 	Timestamp	result;
 	int			tz;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varbit.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varbit.c
index bad71288632..e494c03369d 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varbit.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varbit.c
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
  * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
  *
  * IDENTIFICATION
- *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/adt/varbit.c,v 1.29 2002/11/13 00:39:47 momjian Exp $
+ *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/adt/varbit.c,v 1.30 2003/05/12 23:08:50 tgl Exp $
  *
  *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  */
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #include "postgres.h"
 
 #include "catalog/pg_type.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
 #include "utils/fmgroids.h"
 #include "utils/memutils.h"
@@ -204,6 +205,26 @@ bit_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 #endif
 }
 
+/*
+ *		bit_recv			- converts external binary format to bit
+ */
+Datum
+bit_recv(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	/* Exactly the same as varbit_recv, so share code */
+	return varbit_recv(fcinfo);
+}
+
+/*
+ *		bit_send			- converts bit to binary format
+ */
+Datum
+bit_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	/* Exactly the same as varbit_send, so share code */
+	return varbit_send(fcinfo);
+}
+
 /* bit()
  * Converts a bit() type to a specific internal length.
  * len is the bitlength specified in the column definition.
@@ -407,6 +428,58 @@ varbit_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
 }
 
+/*
+ *		varbit_recv			- converts external binary format to varbit
+ *
+ * External format is the bitlen as an int32, then the byte array.
+ */
+Datum
+varbit_recv(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = (StringInfo) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0);
+	VarBit	   *result;
+	int			len,
+				bitlen;
+	int			ipad;
+	bits8		mask;
+
+	bitlen = pq_getmsgint(buf, sizeof(int32));
+	if (bitlen < 0)
+		elog(ERROR, "Invalid length in external bit string");
+
+	len = VARBITTOTALLEN(bitlen);
+	result = (VarBit *) palloc(len);
+	VARATT_SIZEP(result) = len;
+	VARBITLEN(result) = bitlen;
+
+	pq_copymsgbytes(buf, (char *) VARBITS(result), VARBITBYTES(result));
+
+	/* Make sure last byte is zero-padded if needed */
+	ipad = VARBITPAD(result);
+	if (ipad > 0)
+	{
+		mask = BITMASK << ipad;
+		*(VARBITS(result) + VARBITBYTES(result) - 1) &= mask;
+	}
+
+	PG_RETURN_VARBIT_P(result);
+}
+
+/*
+ *		varbit_send			- converts varbit to binary format
+ */
+Datum
+varbit_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	VarBit	   *s = PG_GETARG_VARBIT_P(0);
+	StringInfoData buf;
+
+	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	pq_sendint(&buf, VARBITLEN(s), sizeof(int32));
+	pq_sendbytes(&buf, VARBITS(s), VARBITBYTES(s));
+	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+}
+
 /* varbit()
  * Converts a varbit() type to a specific internal length.
  * len is the maximum bitlength specified in the column definition.
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varchar.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varchar.c
index 03579f437b6..77fb26a4807 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varchar.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varchar.c
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
  *
  *
  * IDENTIFICATION
- *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/adt/varchar.c,v 1.95 2002/09/18 21:35:23 tgl Exp $
+ *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/adt/varchar.c,v 1.96 2003/05/12 23:08:50 tgl Exp $
  *
  *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  */
@@ -163,6 +163,26 @@ bpcharout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
 }
 
+/*
+ *		bpcharrecv			- converts external binary format to bpchar
+ */
+Datum
+bpcharrecv(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	/* Exactly the same as textrecv, so share code */
+	return textrecv(fcinfo);
+}
+
+/*
+ *		bpcharsend			- converts bpchar to binary format
+ */
+Datum
+bpcharsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	/* Exactly the same as textsend, so share code */
+	return textsend(fcinfo);
+}
+
 
 /*
  * Converts a CHARACTER type to the specified size.
@@ -405,6 +425,26 @@ varcharout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
 }
 
+/*
+ *		varcharrecv			- converts external binary format to varchar
+ */
+Datum
+varcharrecv(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	/* Exactly the same as textrecv, so share code */
+	return textrecv(fcinfo);
+}
+
+/*
+ *		varcharsend			- converts varchar to binary format
+ */
+Datum
+varcharsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	/* Exactly the same as textsend, so share code */
+	return textsend(fcinfo);
+}
+
 
 /*
  * Converts a VARCHAR type to the specified size.
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/xid.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/xid.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ba21bd78968
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/xid.c
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ *
+ * xid.c
+ *	  POSTGRES transaction identifier and command identifier datatypes.
+ *
+ * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2002, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+ * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
+ *
+ *
+ * IDENTIFICATION
+ *	  $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/adt/xid.c,v 1.1 2003/05/12 23:08:50 tgl Exp $
+ *
+ *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ */
+#include "postgres.h"
+
+#include <limits.h>
+
+#include "access/xact.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
+
+
+#define PG_GETARG_TRANSACTIONID(n)	DatumGetTransactionId(PG_GETARG_DATUM(n))
+#define PG_RETURN_TRANSACTIONID(x)	return TransactionIdGetDatum(x)
+
+#define PG_GETARG_COMMANDID(n)		DatumGetCommandId(PG_GETARG_DATUM(n))
+#define PG_RETURN_COMMANDID(x)		return CommandIdGetDatum(x)
+
+
+Datum
+xidin(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	char	   *str = PG_GETARG_CSTRING(0);
+
+	PG_RETURN_TRANSACTIONID((TransactionId) strtoul(str, NULL, 0));
+}
+
+Datum
+xidout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	TransactionId transactionId = PG_GETARG_TRANSACTIONID(0);
+
+	/* maximum 32 bit unsigned integer representation takes 10 chars */
+	char	   *str = palloc(11);
+
+	snprintf(str, 11, "%lu", (unsigned long) transactionId);
+
+	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
+}
+
+/*
+ *		xidrecv			- converts external binary format to xid
+ */
+Datum
+xidrecv(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = (StringInfo) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0);
+
+	PG_RETURN_TRANSACTIONID((TransactionId) pq_getmsgint(buf, sizeof(TransactionId)));
+}
+
+/*
+ *		xidsend			- converts xid to binary format
+ */
+Datum
+xidsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	TransactionId arg1 = PG_GETARG_TRANSACTIONID(0);
+	StringInfoData buf;
+
+	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	pq_sendint(&buf, arg1, sizeof(arg1));
+	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+}
+
+/*
+ *		xideq			- are two xids equal?
+ */
+Datum
+xideq(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	TransactionId xid1 = PG_GETARG_TRANSACTIONID(0);
+	TransactionId xid2 = PG_GETARG_TRANSACTIONID(1);
+
+	PG_RETURN_BOOL(TransactionIdEquals(xid1, xid2));
+}
+
+/*
+ *		xid_age			- compute age of an XID (relative to current xact)
+ */
+Datum
+xid_age(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	TransactionId xid = PG_GETARG_TRANSACTIONID(0);
+	TransactionId now = GetCurrentTransactionId();
+
+	/* Permanent XIDs are always infinitely old */
+	if (!TransactionIdIsNormal(xid))
+		PG_RETURN_INT32(INT_MAX);
+
+	PG_RETURN_INT32((int32) (now - xid));
+}
+
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ *	 COMMAND IDENTIFIER ROUTINES											 *
+ *****************************************************************************/
+
+/*
+ *		cidin	- converts CommandId to internal representation.
+ */
+Datum
+cidin(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	char	   *s = PG_GETARG_CSTRING(0);
+	CommandId	c;
+
+	c = atoi(s);
+
+	PG_RETURN_COMMANDID(c);
+}
+
+/*
+ *		cidout	- converts a cid to external representation.
+ */
+Datum
+cidout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	CommandId	c = PG_GETARG_COMMANDID(0);
+	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(16);
+
+	snprintf(result, 16, "%u", (unsigned int) c);
+	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+}
+
+/*
+ *		cidrecv			- converts external binary format to cid
+ */
+Datum
+cidrecv(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = (StringInfo) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0);
+
+	PG_RETURN_COMMANDID((CommandId) pq_getmsgint(buf, sizeof(CommandId)));
+}
+
+/*
+ *		cidsend			- converts cid to binary format
+ */
+Datum
+cidsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	CommandId arg1 = PG_GETARG_COMMANDID(0);
+	StringInfoData buf;
+
+	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	pq_sendint(&buf, arg1, sizeof(arg1));
+	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+}
+
+Datum
+cideq(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	CommandId	arg1 = PG_GETARG_COMMANDID(0);
+	CommandId	arg2 = PG_GETARG_COMMANDID(1);
+
+	PG_RETURN_BOOL(arg1 == arg2);
+}