Sergey Kandaurov [Wed, 18 Mar 2026 12:39:37 +0000 (16:39 +0400)]
Mail: fixed clearing s->passwd in auth http requests.
Previously, it was not properly cleared retaining length as part of
authenticating with CRAM-MD5 and APOP methods that expect to receive
password in auth response. This resulted in null pointer dereference
and worker process crash in subsequent auth attempts with CRAM-MD5.
Roman Arutyunyan [Thu, 26 Feb 2026 07:52:53 +0000 (11:52 +0400)]
Mail: host validation.
Now host name resolved from client address is validated to only contain
the characters specified in RFC 1034, Section 3.5. The validation allows
to avoid injections when using the resolved host name in auth_http and
smtp proxy.
Reported by Asim Viladi Oglu Manizada, Colin Warren,
Xiao Liu (Yunnan University), Yuan Tan (UC Riverside), and
Bird Liu (Lanzhou University).
Roman Arutyunyan [Mon, 16 Mar 2026 16:13:03 +0000 (20:13 +0400)]
Dav: destination length validation for COPY and MOVE.
Previously, when alias was used in a location with Dav COPY or MOVE
enabled, and the destination URI was shorter than the alias, integer
underflow could happen in ngx_http_map_uri_to_path(), which could
result in heap buffer overwrite, followed by a possible segfault.
With some implementations of memcpy(), the segfault could be avoided
and the overwrite could result in a change of the source or destination
file names to be outside of the location root.
Reported by Calif.io in collaboration with Claude and Anthropic Research.
Mp4: fixed possible integer overflow on 32-bit platforms.
Previously, a 32-bit overflow could happen while validating atom entries
count. This allowed processing of an invalid atom with entrires beyond
its boundaries with reads and writes outside of the allocated mp4 buffer.
Roman Arutyunyan [Sat, 21 Feb 2026 08:04:36 +0000 (12:04 +0400)]
Mp4: avoid zero size buffers in output.
Previously, data validation checks did not cover the cases when the output
contained empty buffers. Such buffers are considered illegal and produce
"zero size buf in output" alerts. The change rejects the mp4 files which
produce such alerts.
Also, the change fixes possible buffer overread and overwrite that could
happen while processing empty stco and co64 atoms, as reported by
Pavel Kohout (Aisle Research) and Tim Becker.
user.email [Tue, 24 Feb 2026 01:33:57 +0000 (19:33 -0600)]
QUIC: improved error handling in OpenSSL compat layer.
Previously ngx_quic_compat_create_record() could try to encrypt a TLS
record even if encryption context was missing, which resulted in a NULL
pointer dereference.
The context is created by ngx_quic_compat_set_encryption_secret() called
from the OpenSSL keylog callback. If an error occurred in that function,
the context could remain missing. This could happen under memory pressure,
if an allocation failed inside this function.
The fix is to handle errors from ngx_quic_compat_set_encryption_secret()
and set qc->error to trigger an error after SSL_do_handshake() return.
Also, a check for context is added to ngx_quic_compat_create_record()
to avoid other similar issues.
Roman Arutyunyan [Thu, 26 Feb 2026 14:36:52 +0000 (18:36 +0400)]
QUIC: worker-bound stateless reset tokens.
Previously, it was possible to obtain a stateless reset token for a
connection by routing its packet to a wrong worker. This allowed to
terminate the connection.
The fix is to bind stateless reset token to the worker number.
Sergey Kandaurov [Wed, 25 Feb 2026 17:09:21 +0000 (21:09 +0400)]
QUIC: Stateless Reset rate limiting.
It uses a bloom filter to limit sending Stateless Reset packets no more
than once per second in average for the given address. This allows to
address resource asymmetry from precomputed packets, as well as to limit
potential Stateless Reset exchange.
CodeByMoriarty [Mon, 23 Feb 2026 00:45:47 +0000 (16:45 -0800)]
Mp4: validate sync sample values in stss atom.
Per ISO 14496-12 Section 8.6.2, sync sample numbers must be 1-based.
A zero-valued stss entry caused ngx_http_mp4_seek_key_frame() to
return a key_prefix exceeding the samples consumed in the forward
stts pass, which led the backward loop in ngx_http_mp4_crop_stts_data()
to walk past the beginning of the stts data buffer.
The fix validates each stss entry in ngx_http_mp4_seek_key_frame()
and returns an error if a zero sync sample is encountered. The
function signature is changed to return ngx_int_t so it can signal
errors to the caller.
Roman Arutyunyan [Wed, 28 Jan 2026 16:38:38 +0000 (20:38 +0400)]
Upstream: reinit upstream after reading bad response.
Previously, when connecting to a backend, if the read event handler was
called before the write event handler, and the received response triggered
a next upstream condition, then ngx_http_upstream_reinit() was not called
to clean up the old upstream context. This had multiple implications.
For all proxy modules, since the last upstream response was not cleaned up,
it was mixed with the next upstream response. This could result in ignoring
the second response status code, duplicate response headers or reporting
old upstream header errors.
With ngx_http_grpc_module and ngx_http_proxy_v2_module, ctx->connection
was left dangling since the object it referenced was allocated from the
last upstream connection pool, which was deleted when freeing last upstream.
This lead to use-after-free when trying to reuse this object for the next
upstream.
Roman Arutyunyan [Thu, 29 Jan 2026 09:27:32 +0000 (13:27 +0400)]
Upstream: detect premature plain text response from SSL backend.
When connecting to a backend, the connection write event is triggered
first in most cases. However if a response arrives quickly enough, both
read and write events can be triggered together within the same event loop
iteration. In this case the read event handler is called first and the
write event handler is called after it.
SSL initialization for backend connections happens only in the write event
handler since SSL handshake starts with sending Client Hello. Previously,
if a backend sent a quick plain text response, it could be parsed by the
read event handler prior to starting SSL handshake on the connection.
The change adds protection against parsing such responses on SSL-enabled
connections.
Aleksei Bavshin [Tue, 23 Dec 2025 18:44:13 +0000 (10:44 -0800)]
Win32: fixed C4319 warning with MSVC 2022 x86.
The warning started to appear in Visual Studio 2022 version 17.14.21,
which corresponds to the C/C++ compiler version 19.44.35221.
The appropriate fix is to avoid mixing uint64_t and ngx_uint_t in an
expression with bitwise operations. We can do that here because both
the original shm->size value and the result of the expression are 32-bit
platform words.
Sergey Kandaurov [Mon, 24 Nov 2025 11:57:09 +0000 (15:57 +0400)]
Proxy: fixed segfault in URI change.
If request URI was shorter than location prefix, as after replacement
with try_files, location length was used to copy the remaining URI part
leading to buffer overread.
The fix is to replace full request URI in this case. In the following
configuration, request "/123" is changed to "/" when sent to backend.
Sergey Kandaurov [Fri, 14 Nov 2025 14:14:18 +0000 (18:14 +0400)]
HTTP/2: extended guard for NULL buffer and zero length.
In addition to moving memcpy() under the length condition in 15bf6d8cc,
which addressed a reported UB due to string function conventions, this
is repeated for advancing an input buffer, to make the resulting code
more clean and readable.
Additionally, although considered harmless for both string functions and
additive operators, as previously discussed in GitHub PR 866, this fixes
the main source of annoying sanitizer reports in the module.
Prodded by UndefinedBehaviorSanitizer (pointer-overflow).
Sergey Kandaurov [Thu, 29 May 2025 13:49:48 +0000 (17:49 +0400)]
SSL: fixed "key values mismatch" with object cache inheritance.
In rare cases, it was possible to get into this error state on reload
with improperly updated file timestamps for certificate and key pairs.
The fix is to retry on X509_R_KEY_VALUES_MISMATCH, similar to 5d5d9adcc.
Additionally, loading SSL certificate is updated to avoid certificates
discarded on retry to appear in ssl->certs and in extra chain.
Mail: reset stale auth credentials with "smtp_auth none;".
They might be reused in a session if an SMTP client proceeded
unauthenticated after previous invalid authentication attempts.
This could confuse an authentication server when passing stale
credentials along with "Auth-Method: none".
The condition to send the "Auth-Salt" header is similarly refined.
HTTP/2: fixed handling of the ":authority" header.
Previously, it misused the Host header processing resulting in
400 (Bad Request) errors for a valid request that contains both
":authority" and Host headers with the same value, treating it
after 37984f0be as if client sent more than one Host header.
Such an overly strict handling violates RFC 9113.
The fix is to process ":authority" as a distinct header, similarly
to processing an authority component in the HTTP/1.x request line.
This allows to disambiguate and compare Host and ":authority"
values after all headers were processed.
With this change, the ngx_http_process_request_header() function
can no longer be used here, certain parts were inlined similar to
the HTTP/3 module.
To provide compatibility for misconfigurations that use $http_host
to return the value of the ":authority" header, the Host header,
if missing, is now reconstructed from ":authority".
Roman Arutyunyan [Thu, 26 Jun 2025 16:19:59 +0000 (20:19 +0400)]
HTTP/3: fixed handling of :authority and Host with port.
RFC 9114, Section 4.3.1. specifies a restriction for :authority and Host
coexistence in an HTTP/3 request:
: If both fields are present, they MUST contain the same value.
Previously, this restriction was correctly enforced only for portless
values. When Host contained a port, the request failed as if :authority
and Host were different, regardless of :authority presence.
This happens because the value of r->headers_in.server used for :authority
has port stripped. The fix is to use r->host_start / r->host_end instead.
HTTP/3: fixed potential type overflow in string literal parser.
This might happen for Huffman encoded string literals as the result
of length expansion. Notably, the maximum length of string literals
is already limited with the "large_client_header_buffers" directive,
so this was only possible with nonsensically large configured limits.
Configure: set NGX_KQUEUE_UDATA_T at compile time.
The NGX_KQUEUE_UDATA_T macro is used to compensate the incompatible
kqueue() API in NetBSD, it doesn't really belong to feature tests.
The change limits the macro visibility to the kqueue event module.
Moving from autotests also simplifies testing a particular NetBSD
version as seen in a subsequent change.
Sergey Kandaurov [Tue, 24 Jun 2025 12:42:20 +0000 (16:42 +0400)]
Win32: skip OpenSSL dependency generation to conserve time.
Disabling the build dependency feature is safe assuming that
nginx/Windows release zip is always built from a clean tree.
This allows to speed up total build time by around 40%.
As it may not be suitable in general, the option resides here
and not in configure.
Previously, it was not possible to send acknowledgments if the
congestion window was limited or temporarily exceeded, such as
after sending a large response or MTU probe. If ACKs were not
received from the peer for some reason to update the in-flight
bytes counter below the congestion window, this might result in
a stalled connection.
The fix is to send ACKs regardless of congestion control. This
meets RFC 9002, Section 7:
: Similar to TCP, packets containing only ACK frames do not count
: toward bytes in flight and are not congestion controlled.
This is a simplified implementation to send ACK frames from the
head of the queue. This was made possible after 6f5f17358.
Reported in trac ticket #2621 and subsequently by Vladimir Homutov:
https://mailman.nginx.org/pipermail/nginx-devel/2025-April/ZKBAWRJVQXSZ2ISG3YJAF3EWMDRDHCMO.html
Aleksei Bavshin [Tue, 14 Jan 2025 19:11:28 +0000 (11:11 -0800)]
Win32: added detection of ARM64 target.
This extends the target selection implemented in dad6ec3aa63f to support
Windows ARM64 platforms. OpenSSL support for VC-WIN64-ARM target first
appeared in 1.1.1 and is present in all currently supported (3.x)
branches.
As a side effect, ARM64 Windows builds will get 16-byte alignment along
with the rest of non-x86 platforms. This is safe, as malloc on 64-bit
Windows guarantees the fundamental alignment of allocations, 16 bytes.
Aleksei Bavshin [Tue, 14 Jan 2025 18:32:24 +0000 (10:32 -0800)]
Core: improved NGX_ALIGNMENT detection on some x86_64 platforms.
Previously, the default pool alignment used sizeof(unsigned long), with
the expectation that this would match to a platform word size. Certain
64-bit platforms prove this assumption wrong by keeping the 32-bit long
type, which is fully compliant with the C standard.
This introduces a possibility of suboptimal misaligned access to the
data allocated with ngx_palloc() on the affected platforms, which is
addressed here by changing the default NGX_ALIGNMENT to a pointer size.
As we override the detection in auto/os/conf for all the machine types
except x86, and Unix-like 64-bit systems prefer the 64-bit long, the
impact of the change should be limited to Win64 x64.
Roman Arutyunyan [Fri, 18 Apr 2025 07:16:57 +0000 (11:16 +0400)]
HTTP/3: fixed NGX_HTTP_V3_VARLEN_INT_LEN value.
After fixing ngx_http_v3_encode_varlen_int() in 400eb1b628,
NGX_HTTP_V3_VARLEN_INT_LEN retained the old value of 4, which is
insufficient for the values over 1073741823 (1G - 1).
The NGX_HTTP_V3_VARLEN_INT_LEN macro is used in ngx_http_v3_uni.c to
format stream and frame types. Old buffer size is enough for formatting
this data. Also, the macro is used in ngx_http_v3_filter_module.c to
format output chunks and trailers. Considering output_buffers and
proxy_buffer_size are below 1G in all realistic scenarios, the old buffer
size is enough here as well.
Roman Arutyunyan [Mon, 14 Apr 2025 13:16:47 +0000 (17:16 +0400)]
QUIC: dynamic packet threshold.
RFC 9002, Section 6.1.1 defines packet reordering threshold as 3. Testing
shows that such low value leads to spurious packet losses followed by
congestion window collapse. The change implements dynamic packet threshold
detection based on in-flight packet range. Packet threshold is defined
as half the number of in-flight packets, with mininum value of 3.
Also, renamed ngx_quic_lost_threshold() to ngx_quic_time_threshold()
for better compliance with RFC 9002 terms.
Previosly the threshold was hardcoded at 10000. This value is too low for
high BDP networks. For example, if all frames are STREAM frames, and MTU
is 1500, the upper limit for congestion window would be roughly 15M
(10000 * 1500). With 100ms RTT it's just a 1.2Gbps network (15M * 10 * 8).
In reality, the limit is even lower because of other frame types. Also,
the number of frames that could be used simultaneously depends on the total
amount of data buffered in all server streams, and client flow control.
The change sets frame threshold based on max concurrent streams and stream
buffer size, the product of which is the maximum number of in-flight stream
data in all server streams at any moment. The value is divided by 2000 to
account for a typical MTU 1500 and the fact that not all frames are STREAM
frames.
QUIC: ignore congestion control when sending MTU probes.
If connection is network-limited, MTU probes have little chance of being
sent since congestion window is almost always full. As a result, PMTUD
may not be able to reach the real MTU and the connection may operate with
a reduced MTU. The solution is to ignore the congestion window. This may
lead to a temporary increase in in-flight count beyond congestion window.
QUIC: do not shrink congestion window after losing an MTU probe.
As per RFC 9000, Section 14.4:
Loss of a QUIC packet that is carried in a PMTU probe is therefore
not a reliable indication of congestion and SHOULD NOT trigger a
congestion control reaction.
Previously, these functions operated on a per-level basis. This however
resulted in excessive logging of in_flight and will also led to extra
work detecting underutilized congestion window in the followup patches.
Roman Arutyunyan [Mon, 10 Mar 2025 08:19:25 +0000 (12:19 +0400)]
QUIC: ngx_msec_t overflow protection.
On some systems the value of ngx_current_msec is derived from monotonic
clock, for which the following is defined by POSIX:
For this clock, the value returned by clock_gettime() represents
the amount of time (in seconds and nanoseconds) since an unspecified
point in the past.
As as result, overflow protection is needed when comparing two ngx_msec_t.
The change adds such protection to the ngx_quic_detect_lost() function.
QUIC: prevent spurious congestion control recovery mode.
Since recovery_start field was initialized with ngx_current_msec, all
congestion events that happened within the same millisecond or cycle
iteration, were treated as in recovery mode.
Also, when handling persistent congestion, initializing recovery_start
with ngx_current_msec resulted in treating all sent packets as in recovery
mode, which violates RFC 9002, see example in Appendix B.8.
While here, also fixed recovery_start wrap protection. Previously it used
2 * max_idle_timeout time frame for all sent frames, which is not a
reliable protection since max_idle_timeout is unrelated to congestion
control. Now recovery_start <= now condition is enforced. Note that
recovery_start wrap is highly unlikely and can only occur on a
32-bit system if there are no congestion events for 24 days.
HTTP/3: graceful shutdown on keepalive timeout expiration.
Previously, the expiration caused QUIC connection finalization even if
there are application-terminated streams finishing sending data. Such
finalization terminated these streams.
An easy way to trigger this is to request a large file from HTTP/3 over
a small MTU. In this case keepalive timeout expiration may abruptly
terminate the request stream.
Improved logging for simpler data extraction for plotting congestion
window graphs. In particular, added current milliseconds number from
ngx_current_msec.
While here, simplified logging text and removed irrelevant data.
SSL: external groups support in $ssl_curve and $ssl_curves.
Starting with OpenSSL 3.0, groups may be added externally with pluggable
KEM providers. Using SSL_get_negotiated_group(), which makes lookup in a
static table with known groups, doesn't allow to list such groups by names
leaving them in hex. Adding X25519MLKEM768 to the default group list in
OpenSSL 3.5 made this problem more visible. SSL_get0_group_name() and,
apparently, SSL_group_to_name() allow to resolve such provider-implemented
groups, which is also "generally preferred" over SSL_get_negotiated_group()
as documented in OpenSSL git commit 93d4f6133f.
This change makes external groups listing by name using SSL_group_to_name()
available since OpenSSL 3.0. To preserve "prime256v1" naming for the group
0x0017, and to avoid breaking BoringSSL and older OpenSSL versions support,
it is used supplementary for a group that appears to be unknown.
See https://github.com/openssl/openssl/issues/27137 for related discussion.
The fix is to always preserve passwords, by copying to the configuration
pool, if dynamic certificates are used. This is done as part of merging
"ssl_passwords" configuration.
To minimize the number of copies, a preserved version is then used for
inheritance. A notable exception is inheritance of preserved empty
passwords to the context with statically configured certificates:
server {
proxy_ssl_certificate $ssl_server_name.crt;
proxy_ssl_certificate_key $ssl_server_name.key;
Sergey Kandaurov [Thu, 27 Feb 2025 14:42:06 +0000 (18:42 +0400)]
Charset filter: improved validation of charset_map with utf-8.
It was possible to write outside of the buffer used to keep UTF-8
decoded values when parsing conversion table configuration.
Since this happened before UTF-8 decoding, the fix is to check in
advance if character codes are of more than 3-byte sequence. Note
that this is already enforced by a later check for ngx_utf8_decode()
decoded values for 0xffff, which corresponds to the maximum value
encoded as a valid 3-byte sequence, so the fix does not affect the
valid values.
Found with AddressSanitizer.
Fixes GitHub issue #529.
Sergey Kandaurov [Thu, 27 Feb 2025 12:09:50 +0000 (16:09 +0400)]
Slice filter: improved memory allocation error handling.
As uncovered by recent addition in slice.t, a partially initialized
context, coupled with HTTP 206 response from stub backend, might be
accessed in the next slice subrequest.
Sergey Kandaurov [Tue, 25 Feb 2025 15:50:44 +0000 (19:50 +0400)]
SSL: raised limit for sessions stored in shared memory.
Upstream SSL sessions may be of a noticeably larger size with tickets
in TLSv1.2 and older versions, or with "stateless" tickets in TLSv1.3,
if a client certificate is saved into the session. Further, certain
stateless session resumption implemetations may store additional data.
Such one is JDK, known to also include server certificates in session
ticket data, which roughly doubles a decoded session size to slightly
beyond the previous limit. While it's believed to be an issue on the
JDK side, this change allows to save such sessions.
Another, innocent case is using RSA certificates with 8192 key size.
Sergey Kandaurov [Tue, 11 Feb 2025 18:54:04 +0000 (22:54 +0400)]
Improved ngx_http_subrequest() error handling.
Previously, request might be left in inconsistent state in case of error,
which manifested in "http request count is zero" alerts when used by SSI
filter.
The fix is to reshuffle initialization order to postpone committing state
changes until after any potentially failing parts.
Sergey Kandaurov [Wed, 22 Jan 2025 14:55:44 +0000 (18:55 +0400)]
SNI: added restriction for TLSv1.3 cross-SNI session resumption.
In OpenSSL, session resumption always happens in the default SSL context,
prior to invoking the SNI callback. Further, unlike in TLSv1.2 and older
protocols, SSL_get_servername() returns values received in the resumption
handshake, which may be different from the value in the initial handshake.
Notably, this makes the restriction added in b720f650b insufficient for
sessions resumed with different SNI server name.
Considering the example from b720f650b, previously, a client was able to
request example.org by presenting a certificate for example.org, then to
resume and request example.com.
The fix is to reject handshakes resumed with a different server name, if
verification of client certificates is enabled in a corresponding server
configuration.
Roman Arutyunyan [Wed, 15 Jan 2025 08:42:39 +0000 (12:42 +0400)]
Added "keepalive_min_timeout" directive.
The directive sets a timeout during which a keepalive connection will
not be closed by nginx for connection reuse or graceful shutdown.
The change allows clients that send multiple requests over the same
connection without delay or with a small delay between them, to avoid
receiving a TCP RST in response to one of them. This excludes network
issues and non-graceful shutdown. As a side-effect, it also addresses
the TCP reset problem described in RFC 9112, Section 9.6, when the last
sent HTTP response could be damaged by a followup TCP RST. It is important
for non-idempotent requests, which cannot be retried by client.
It is not recommended to set keepalive_min_timeout to large values as
this can introduce an additional delay during graceful shutdown and may
restrict nginx from effective connection reuse.
Sergey Kandaurov [Fri, 17 Jan 2025 13:55:21 +0000 (17:55 +0400)]
Configure: fixed --with-libatomic=DIR with recent libatomic_ops.
The build location of the resulting libatomic_ops.a was changed in v7.4.0
after converting libatomic_ops to use libtool. The fix is to use library
from the install path, this allows building with both old and new versions.
SSL: avoid using mismatched certificate/key cached pairs.
This can happen with certificates and certificate keys specified
with variables due to partial cache update in various scenarios:
- cache expiration with only one element of pair evicted
- on-disk update with non-cacheable encrypted keys
- non-atomic on-disk update
The fix is to retry with fresh data on X509_R_KEY_VALUES_MISMATCH.
Sergey Kandaurov [Tue, 29 Oct 2024 12:25:11 +0000 (16:25 +0400)]
SSL: caching certificates and certificate keys with variables.
A new directive "ssl_certificate_cache max=N [valid=time] [inactive=time]"
enables caching of SSL certificate chain and secret key objects specified
by "ssl_certificate" and "ssl_certificate_key" directives with variables.
Co-authored-by: Aleksei Bavshin <a.bavshin@nginx.com>
Sergey Kandaurov [Wed, 18 Dec 2024 16:09:58 +0000 (20:09 +0400)]
SSL: encrypted certificate keys are exempt from object cache.
SSL object cache, as previously introduced in 1.27.2, did not take
into account encrypted certificate keys that might be unexpectedly
fetched from the cache regardless of the matching passphrase. To
avoid this, caching of encrypted certificate keys is now disabled
based on the passphrase callback invocation.
A notable exception is encrypted certificate keys configured without
ssl_password_file. They are loaded once resulting in the passphrase
prompt on startup and reused in other contexts as applicable.